ELI-PP science technology beamlines Cz Georg Korn

ELI-PP science & technology: beamlines (Cz) Georg Korn ELI-PP deputy Coordinator Max-Planck-Institute for Quantum Optics Garching, Germany & Institute of Physics ELI-beamlines CSO (Chief Science Officer) Prague, Czech Republic georg. korn@mpq. mpg. de

UHIP-ELI and ELI Virtual Institute Gerard Mourou initiated this ! Toshi Tajima Chair of SAC The ELI-central laser facility will finally allow to go to the ultra-relativistic interaction regime, Peak-Power 200 PW www. eli-laser. eu

• 300 projects submitted Social. Sciences Energy Environmental sciences Biomedical and life sciences Material sciences (ELI) Astronomy, Astrophysics, nuclear and particle Physics • > 35 accepted (peer rev. ) • ELI 14 p. out of 15 p. scored very highly and was put on the European Roadmap for Research Infrastructures

ELI-PP Start November 2007 End December 2010 13 countries on board: CZ, Hu, Ro, Fr, Ge, UK, I, Lith. , Gr, Pl Sp, Bu, Po Initial EU funding 6 Mio € to facilitate: science program develop. technical design (TDR) safety&radioprotection site choice legal structure governance financial planning funding

Site selection: decision on 1. 10. 2009 Czech Republic Prague Overall cost: 750 M€ Hungary Szeged Romania Bucharest - Magurele

SUMMARY of Laser-Plasma Interaction in “Radiation-Dominant” Regimes e–-e pair creation in vacuum Radiation dominant regime Relativistic regime Nonrelativistic regime Currently Imax = 1022 W/cm 2 ELI pushes the limits by more than 2 orders g = 70 Me. V Quantum Electro. Dynamics regime Es= 1320 PV/m Ultrarelativistic ELI a 0 > 2000, E= 4 PV/m

530 pages Science, technology and implementation strategies of ELI

Outline of the ELI-Beamlines facility B. Rus, F. Batysta, J. Čáp 2, M. Divoký, M. Fibrich, M. Griffiths, R. Haley 3, T. Havlicek, J. Hrebicek, P. Homer, P. Hribek, J. Jandourek, L. Juha, G. Korn 4, P. Korouš, M. Košelja, M. Kozlová, D. Kramer, M. Krus, J. C. Lagron 4, J. Limpouch 6, L. Mc. Farlane 3, M. Malý, D. Margarone, P. Matlas, L. Mindl, J. Moravec 7, T. Mocek, J. Nejdl, J. Novák, V. Olšovcová, M. Palatka 8, J. P. Perin 9, M. Pešlo, J. Polan, J. Prokupek, K. Rohlena, M. Sawicka, L. Scholzová, D. Snopek 2, P. Strkula, L. Švéda 2 2 ELYA Solutions s. r. o. , Prague 10, Institute of Physics v. v. i. , Prague 8 3 Nuclear Technologies Ltd. , 4 MPQ Garching, Germany, 5 Univ. Paris-Sud, France,

1. Project background and status

ELI-Beamlines mission 1. Generation of femtosecondary sources of radiation and particles - XUV and X-ray sources (monochromatic and broadband); ELI Betatron beamline - Accelerated electrons (2 Ge. V 10 Hz rep-rate, >100 Ge. V low rep-rate), protons (200 -400 Me. V 10 Hz rep-rate, >3 Ge. V low-rep-rate) - preparation for a future laser driven X-FEL - Gamma-ray sources (broadband); 2. Programmatic applications of the femtosecondary sources - Medical research including proton therapy (1 PW-Laser, 10 Hz) - Molecular, biomedical and material sciences - Physics of dense plasmas, WDM, laboratory astrophysics 3. High-field physics experiments with focused intensities 10 23 -1024 Wcm-2 - Exotic plasma physics (e. g. electron-positron pair plasma), non-linear QED proton and electron acceleration at high intensities and high energies 4. Participation in prototyping technologies for the high-intensity pillar Compression & coherent superposition of multi-10 -PW ultrashort pulses

ELI-Beamlines: one of the designed ELI pillars ELI-ALPS, Hu ELI-Beamlines, Cz ELI-NP, Ro Site to be determined High-intensity development Attosecond XUV/X-ray physics Applications in material sciences and biology High-brightness sources of X-rays & particles Molecular & biomedical sciences, particle acceleration, dense plasma physics, exotic physics Laser-induced nuclear physics Photonuclear science and applications Exawatt-class laser technology High-intensity laser technologies for frontier physical research

Science Case in the ELI-Beamlines bid: balance between fundamental science and applications ELI-Beamlines will be international user facility, partnership experiments & projects Research Program 1 Lasers generating rep-rate ultrashort pulses & multi-petawatt peak powers Research Program 2 X-ray sources driven by rep-rate ultrashort laser pulses Research Program 3 Particle acceleration by lasers Research Program 4 Applications in molecular, biomedical, and material sciences Research Program 5 Laser plasma and high-energy-density physics, PALS Research Program 6 High-field physics and theory

ELI Beamlines budget and steps towards funding Total investment: 265 mil. Euro, Structual funds (85% EU, 15%-State) Timeline: Nov 12, 2009 Submission of ELI-Beamlines bid into the national funding call (“Research & Development for Innovations”) Feb 2010 ELI-Beamlines bid assessed by the national expert panel (industrial applications, national synergies, financial sustainability) March 19, 2010 ELI-Beamlines bid assessed by the international expert panel (quality of research, quality of management, human resources strategy) May 20, 2010 National negotiations on funding successfully concluded June 28, 2010 Project receives OK note by JASPERS (Joint Assistance to Support Projects in European Regions) June 30, 2010 Request for funding submitted to EC Sept 13, 2010 Construction permit to build ELI-Beamlines issued Dec 2010 Project approved by EC’s DG Research, DG Regio and DG Environ, additional issues raised by DG Competition Feb 2011 Project approved by EC’s DG Competition April 20, 2011 final Note of Approval from the EC !!!

ELI-Beamlines location: South of Prague • Proximity of international airport (15 min drive), enjoyable surroundings, behind the border of Prague (funding issuses) • Synergy with planned large biotechnology center BIOCEV (2 km distance) • Direct connection to Prague outer ring and the European motorway network (3 hours to Berlin, 3. 5 hours to Munich, 1. 5 hours to Dresden and Vienna, 4. 5 hours to Budapest)

ELI Beamlines construction: timeline June 2011 Technical Design Report /Readiness 1, involving full WBS and PBS July 2011 Start of oscillator and front end development & testing Sept 2011 Construction documentation completed Oct 11 Site preparatory works start end 2011 Agreements with main partners in development of laser systems 2011 – 2014 2013 – 2014 Prototyping & testing lasers, beam delivery, compressors, etc. subsystems Pre-assembly of selected systems Feb 2012 Technical Design Report /Readiness 2 March 2012 Construction works start end 2013 Technical Design Report /Readiness 3 April 2014 Commissioning of the ELI-Beamlines building incl. cleanrooms May 2014 Start of installation of lasers and beam delivery systems July 2015 Laser and experimental hardware installed Dec 2015 Commissioning of selected laser systems and experimental areas for users

2. Laser and experimental facilities

ELI Beamlines facility laser Laser system Exp. areas

Technologies of rep-rate pump lasers for ELI-Beamlines Thin disk pump technology Multislab pump technology Development at MPQ/LMU/MBI ELI: cooperation on scaling to >k. W avg power 0. 5 k. W 1. 5 ps, 3 k. Hz LLNL - Mercury 60 J/10 Hz, Development of cryogenic Yb: YAG at RAL ELI: cooperation on dev’t of 500 J/10 Hz cryogenic amps, HILASE Design of 25 k. W head

Compressor (negative GDD) (Uni Jena 1400 Lines/mm): Bandwidth nm GDD Efficiency Pulse duration Pulsenergie ~1 nm @ 1030 ~ -108 fs² ~ 77 % 1, 6 ps 25, 0 m. J 0. 5 k. W ; 1 J-2 J, 1 k. Hz staging for pumping the OPCPA, 1 k. Hz, Common effort, MPQ, court. T. Metzger

Modelling of ASE losses and energy budget in multislab lasers Design phase of 500 J/ 10 Hz multislab amplifiers (collaboration with Rutherford Appleton Laboratory) Baseline model E 3 E 2 E 1 ASE pump Heat sources in the crystal: - Transition (>11 %): - 8 Yb: YAG slabs, each 8 mm thick Nominal operation temp. 170 K Stokes defect Quantum efficiency (non-radiative) Radiative (>35 %) Absorption on impurities Absorption on the ASE absorber Higher orders effects (colective absorption) - ASE losses can be limited by MLD absorptive coating or Cr: YAG absorber - Heat conduction calculations predict < 4 K temperature non-uniformity M. Divoký et al. Numerical evaluation of heat deposition in cryogenically cooled multi-slab amplifier

Concept for 1 k. J DPSSL Amplifier, RAL design HILASE, HIPER • Beam size 14 x 14 cm 2 5 J/cm 2 extraction fluence (safe? ) • 2 Amplifier heads • Pump 5 k. W/cm 2 each side for 1 ms • Dlpump = 5 nm, lc, pump = 939 nm • Combined pump power 4 MW need to reach 25% o-o efficiency • 175 Kelvin (or lower) • 12 slabs, variable doping • ASE control: go*l < 3 along diagonal

Hi. LASE project Institute of Physics AS CR 30 M € Diode pumped Lasers for applications

New lasers for industry and research ● High average power pulsed LASErs ● Czech national project on development of advanced solid-state laser technologies based on diode pumping ● Motivated by strong need for head-start laser technology development & prototyping for the next generation of high rep. rate laser facilities ● Potential of industrial applications using rep. rate, high-peak and highaverage power lasers ● Implementation phase: 4 years (fully supported) ● Operational phase: ALAP (institutional/grants/contractual )

Electron acceleration (LWFA) with 250 J laser pulses Luis Silva, IST Lisbon, ELI-Beamlines Scientific Challenges Workshop, Prague 26 -27 April, 2010 “Long” pulses (>100 fs) required for e- acceleration! With 2 x 10 PW (3 k. J) 1 stage for ne = 1. 6 1016 600 -700 Ge. V (Toshi) 3 x 1019 W/cm 2 pulses

Electron acceleration (LWFA) with 10 PW laser pulses Submitted

10 PW pump lasers (1 st floor) If available, disk lasers providing k. J energy and bandwidth >12 nm (~130 fs pulses) would be an excellent choice for e- acceleration! Back up for OPCPA

ELI-Beamlines layout First floor 10 PW pump lasers Cryogenic & thermal management support systems Ground floor Laser systems Basement Compressor hall of 10 -PW beamlines Pulse distribution 6 dedicated experimental areas

Support 1 Laser 4 a Support 2 10 PW pump lasers Cryogenic systems, power supply cooling, auxiliary systems Laser 1 Oscillator & Front end Broadband 10 PW amps 50 J / 10 Hz beamlines 10 J / 10 Hz beamlines Laser 4 c Exp hall 3 Exp hall 1 Exp hall 2 Plasma physics Material & biomolecular applications Laser 4 b Laser 3 Laser 2 10 PW optical compressors All laser systems shown, including those which might be located at the facility in future X-ray sources: Exp hall 4 plasma x-ray laser (seeded), k-alpha, Exotic Physics Betatron X-ray sources Exp hall 6 Exp hall 5 e- acceleration p+ acceleration Potential future laser driven FEL cooperation with accelerator people ( important )

ELI-Beamlines mission, x-ray Betatron, ELI-white book

ELI-Beamlines mission ELI Betatron beamline 100 TW- 1 PW, ELI- white book S. Kneip, IC

ELI-Beamlines mission Laser driven x-FEL (F. Grüner) Long term vision, ELI-white book

E 3 and E 4 shielded experimental areas in the basement

Underground target areas with shielding Combination of bulk shielding and local shielding (beam dumps) Radiological classification: Control rooms are class R 1, accumulated annual dose <1 m. Sv protons 100 Me. V / 10 Hz electrons 2 -3 Ge. V / 1 n. C / 10 Hz 50 Ge. V / 1. 5 n. C / <0. 1 Hz gamma-rays 175 Me. V / 4 Sv electrons 10 Ge. V / 2 n. C protons 200 Me. V / 10 Hz 3 Ge. V / <0. 1 Hz

Vibration analysis of the laser building Master structural model Monolithic structure (laser and experimental areas) Supporting technologies (air conditioning, vacuum pumps, etc. ) & auxiliary laboratories The analysis accounts for actual sources of vibration measured on the site

3. Development works and cooperation - Laser - System integration cooperation with laser and RF-accelerator labs essential to advance fast - ELI beamline development for potential FEL electron acceleration injection, wakefield acc. diagnostic, detectors proton acceleration diagnostic, detectors

Thank you for your attention and for the kind invitation ! For more info about the ELI Beamlines facility see http: //www. eli-beams. eu

Time-resolved Attosecond spectroscopy ELI xuv- Attosecond-Spectroscopy needs: • Femtosecond-high-power NIR driver laser • „few cycle“ Pulses (5 -10 fs) • high repetition rates • I = 1020 W/cm 2 Solution: OPCPA (provides large bandwidth for ampl. high aver. power) more info: www. attoworld. de Attosecond beamline at MPQ

Harmonics from solids Fig. 1: Schematic showing the proposed experimental configuration for the generation of attosecond pulses using harmonics from overdense plasmas courtesy of: Dausinger+Giesen Gmb. H Attosecond phase-locking of harmonics from laser dr. plasmas Nature Physics 5, 124 - 128 (2009)

ELI front end unit: 1 J, 5 fs , 10 Hz Focal spot ds = 10 μm IL=2. 5 x 1020 W/cm 2 a. L~11 Spectral range ~7 *1015 84 as 80 -200 e. V (Zr filter) B. Dromey et al, Nature Phys. 2, 456 (2006) Pulse duration 20 -70 e. V (Al filter) Y. Nomura et al. , Nature Phys. 5, 124 (2009) Number of photons ~2*1014 38 as 400 -1000 e. V (Cu filter) ~2*1012 5 as G. D. Tsakiris et al. New J. Phys. 8, 19(2006)

ELI Beamlines Facility laser p um gy k p lo e dis hno puls in c Th te hort s k. W 10 Oscillators + PFS preamps 1 k. Hz 10 m. J/ 1 k. Hz/ < 6 fs Booster amp 2 PFS technology DPSSL pump 1 -2 J / 100 Hz / 15 fs Booster amp 3 PFS technology DPSSL pump Power amp (2 x) OPCPA 10 J beamline DPSSL pump 10 J / 10 Hz Power amp (2 x) OPCPA 50 J beamline DPSSL pump 50 J / 10 Hz BACKUP Power amps Ti: Sapph >50 J beamline Flashlamp pump 50 J / 0. 1 Hz Applications (molecular, biomedical & material sciences) Beam/pulse switchyard Booster amp 1 PFS technology DPSSL pump p um y p g lab nolo is 2 x 200 m. J /1 k. Hz/10 fs ult tech M XUV / X-ray generation e- and p+ acceleration Plasma physics WDM 1 -2 J / 100 Hz/ 15 fs p lam y sh g Fla nolo : mp tech Pu 10 PW block (2 x) OPCPA or Ti: Sapph Flashlamp pump 300 J / 0. 1 Hz Upgradeable to >20 PW High-intensity test & user facility Exotic physics

Energy scaling via disk based amplifiers disk mount Yb: YAG disk courtesy of: Trumpf Laser Gmb. H • scaling factor 1 10 • pump spot Ø 3 mm 9. 5 mm • pump power 300 W 3 k. W • pulse energy 30 m. J 300 m. J • gain 1, 2 @ 0, 3 1, 2 k. W 80 regen 13 multi pass • required V- pumped area Ø 3. 0 mm 1 J OPA @ 1 k. Hz 10 530 mm J @ 515 nm 130 10 J @ 1030 nm x k. W 100 k. W pump 3 J diodes 1, 2 100 multiØ disk 13 mm pass large disk head

Budget and timeline Total investment: 268. 8 mil. € Cz 244. 5 mil. € Hu 280. 0 mil. € Ro 793. 3 mil. € (15% country, 85% IS-funding) ELI will be an international facility: European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC) Timeline: October 1, 2009 ELI-Preparation Phase Steering Committee (13 countries) giving Hu, Cz, Ro mandate to implement ELI-sites Jan 29, 2010 Legally effective zoning permit to build ELI-Beamlines issued June-Sept. 2010 Transmission of the IS-funding request for to EC End 2010 -2011 Official approval of EC expected 2010 – 2015 Construction, development &installation of laser systems End 2015 Testing and commissioning of different parts

Thank you for your attention! For more info about ELI see http: //www. eli-laser. eu

Relativistic Compression Ultra Relativistic EQ=mpc 2 Ultra-relativistic intensity is defined with respect to the proton EQ=mpc 2, intensity~1024 W/cm 2

(Legal) Implementation of ELI Single governance, three-site research infrastructure: ELI-ERIC (European Research Infrastructure Consortium) … is to be formed in 2011

Scientific ”pillars” of ELI Coherent (X, g)-rays (FEL, HHG & plasma) Incoherent (X, g)-ray. Beams (synchrotron-like, atomic) Attosecond to zeptosecond Physics Ultrafast X-ray radiation beams Laser plasma accelerator Attosecond Application science Ultrafast phenomena Wave function in atoms and molecules Educational NLQED Fundamendatl physics Exotic physics High field Science Beam lines facility Electrons beam Gamma imaging Protons beam 100/200 PW Laser Photo Nuclear Physics Transmutation

Fundamental intensity dependent regimes of interaction Very compact accelerators can be built

ESFRI The European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) has been set-up to help facing important challenges in science: • Launched in April 02 by Roadmap of Europe Council of Research Ministers for Research Infrastructures • Representatives of the 27 Member and 5 Associated States + one representative of the European Commission (EC) Ultra-high field workshop Paris 07. 08

For the scientific case please visit the web-page www. eli-laser. eu Laser acceleration Towards 100 Ge. V (electrons, ions) Investigation of Vacuum Structure Towards Schwinger Fields e-, e+ pair production, colliding fast electrons (g >1000) with ultra-intense laser fields Attosecond science Coherent x-rays: going beyond 1 -10 Ke. V Nuclear Physics Explore nuclei with photons

Pulse shortening and frequency conversion to Attoseconds and shorter Generation of light (photons) ELI generates unique, perfectly synchronized sources of particle and photon beams from Ge. V (Te. V) to visible THz , x-ray and g- beams

Front end development: Generation and amplification of WLC beam profile (Sapphire), 1 k. Hz 710 -900 nm Dependence of OPA gain on pump-signal and synchronisation angle SPIE, Prague 18 th of April F. Batysta et al. Ultra-broadband OPA of White Light Continuum for ELI front end

Hi. LASE center in 2013 www. hilase. cz We are now looking for Technicians, Ph. D. students, Junior Researchers, Senior Researches