Elements of Poetry Structure Foot A measurable

Elements of Poetry

Structure Foot: A measurable, patterned unit of poetic rhythm The Lady of Shalott by Lord Alfred Tennyson On either side the river lie Long fields of barley and of rye, That clothe wold and meet the sky; And through the field the road runs by To many-towered Camelot; And up and down the people go, Gazing where the lilies blow Round an island there below, The island of Shalott.

Structure Line: A separately arranged grouping of feet The Lady of Shalott by Lord Alfred Tennyson On either side the river lie Long fields of barley and of rye, That clothe wold and meet the sky; And through the field the road runs by To many-towered Camelot; And up and down the people go, Gazing where the lilies blow Round an island there below, The island of Shalott.

Structure Couplet: Two lines of poetry with similar end rhymes The Lady of Shalott by Lord Alfred Tennyson On either side the river lie Long fields of barley and of rye, That clothe wold and meet the sky; And through the field the road runs by To many-towered Camelot; And up and down the people go, Gazing where the lilies blow Round an island there below, The island of Shalott.

Structure Quatrain: Four lines of poetry with similar end rhymes Quatrain 2 "ELEGY WRITTEN IN A COUNTRY CHURCH-YARD" By Thomas Grey The curfew tolls the knell of parting day, The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea, The ploughman homeward plods his weary way, And leaves the world to darkness and to me. Now fades the glimmering landscape on the sight, And all the air a solemn stillness holds, Save where the beetle wheels his droning flight, And drowsy tinklings lull the distant folds:

Structure Stanza: A group of lines separated from other groups of lines. It is the poetic form of a paragraph. The Lady Of Shalott by Lord Alfred Tennyson On either side the river lie Long fields of barley and of rye, That clothe wold and meet the sky; And thro' the field the road runs by To many-tower'd Camelot; And up and down the people go, Gazing where the lilies blow Round an island there below, The island of Shalott. Willows whiten, aspens quiver, Little breezes dusk and shiver Thro' the wave that runs for ever By the island in the river Flowing down to Camelot. Four gray walls, and four gray towers, Overlook a space of flowers, And the silent isle imbowers The Lady of Shalott. Stanza 1 Stanza 2

Voice Tone: The tone of a piece refers to the writer's attitude towards the subject of the piece. It is the writer’s “tone of voice” as if he were reading the piece out loud. The tone could be: Happy, sad, joyful, solemn, silly, frustrated, angry, puzzled, enthusiastic, pleading, etc. Annabel Lee by Edgar Allan Poe It was many and many a year ago, In a kingdom by the sea, That a maiden there lived whom you may know By the name of ANNABEL LEE; -And this maiden she lived with no other thought Than to love and be loved by me. She was a child and I was a child, In this kingdom by the sea, But we loved with a love that was more than love -I and my Annabel Lee-With a love that the winged seraphs of heaven Coveted her and me. And this was the reason that, long ago, In this kingdom by the sea, A wind blew out of a cloud by night Chilling my Annabel Lee; So that her high-born kinsman came And bore her away from me, To shut her up in a sepulchre In this kingdom by the sea. What is the tone of the poem Annabel Lee? Wistful

Voice Irony: Irony occurs when there is a difference between what is expected (situational irony) or said (verbal irony) and what is really true. "I just love having someone put needles and small power tools in my mouth. I wish I could get cavities filled every month. " What type of irony is this statement? Verbal irony

Imagery The Fish by Elizabeth Bishop Here and there his brown skin hung in strips like ancient wall-paper, and its pattern of darker brown was like wall-paper: shapes like full-blown roses strained and lost through age. He was speckled with barnacles, fine rosettes of lime, and infested with tiny white sea-lice, and underneath two or three rags of green weed hung down. Visual imagery: Visual imagery involves descriptions of what something looks like that are so vivid they seem to come to life in the reader's mind's as they read.

Imagery Sound and Sense by Alexander Pope Soft is the strain when Zephyr gently bows, And the smooth stream in smoother numbers flow; But when the loud surges lash the sounding shore, The hoarse, rough verse should like the torrent roar. . . Auditory Imagery: Descriptions of sound so vivid the reader seems almost to hear them while reading the poem.

Imagery Root Cellar by Theodore Roethke And what a congress of stinks! — Roots ripe as old bait, Pulpy stems, rank, silo-rich, Leaf-mold, manure, lime, piled against slippery planks. Nothing would give up life: Even the dirt kept breathing a small breath. . . Images of smell: descriptions of smells so vivid they seem almost to stimulate the reader's own sense of smell

Imagery The Word Plum By Helen Chasin The word plum is delicious pout and push, luxury of self-love, and savoring murmur full in the mouth and falling like fruit taut skin pierced, bitten, provoked into juice, and tart flesh. . . Tactile or "physical" imagery: descriptions conveying a strong, vivid sense of touch or physical sensation that the reader can almost feel himself or herself while reading.

Figurative language Simile: a comparison between two unlike things usually delivered with the word "like, " "as, " or "so. " She swims like a fish. He's as hairy as a gorilla. Peter laughs like a hyena. Mr. John is as wise as an owl. Allow me, it's as easy as ABC.

Figurative language Metaphor: a figurative analogy or comparison between two things where the comparison is indicated directly, without the use of the words "like" or "as“. He was a tornado, blasting his way through the opposing team. He was a lion in the fight. The moon was a ghostly galleon tossed upon cloudy seas. Education is your passport to satisfying employment. The truck flew down the empty highway.

Figurative language Hyperbole: an extreme exaggeration “There did not seem to be brains enough in the entire nursery, so to speak, to bait a fishhook with. ” —Mark Twain, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court “People moved slowly then. There was no hurry, for there was nowhere to go, nothing to buy and no money to buy it with, nothing to see outside the boundaries of Maycomb County. ” —Harper Lee, To Kill a Mockingbird “Why does a boy who’s fast as a jet Take all day—and sometimes two— To get to school? ” —John Ciardi, "Speed Adjustments"

Figurative language Personification: a figurative comparison endowing inanimate things with human qualities. April Rain Song By Langston Hughes Let the rain kiss you Let the rain beat upon your head with silver liquid drops Let the rain sing you a lullaby The rain makes still pools on the sidewalk The rain makes running pools in the gutter The rain plays a little sleep song on our roof at night And I love the rain.

Rhythm U U Mar y had a lit tle lamb U U The lamb was white as snow U U And eve ry where that Mar y went U U The lamb was sure to go = stressed U = unstressed Meter: The arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables into repeating patterns within lines of poetry

Rhythm U Iambic Foot Shall I U U Shall I com pare thee to a sum mer’s day? U U Thou art more love ly and more tem per ate U U U Rough winds do shake the dar ling buds of May U U And sum mer’s lease hath all too short a date Iambic Pentameter • Iambic Foot is one short syllable followed by a long syllable. • Iambic Pentameter is a line made up of five pairs of short/long, or unstressed/stressed, syllables

Symbolism What does this picture symbolize? Death Symbolism: Objects, places, beings, or actions that suggests, represents, or "stands for“ something else

Sound Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December, And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. Eagerly I wished the morrow; — vainly I had sought to borrow From my books surcease of sorrow— sorrow for the lost Lenore— For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore— Nameless here for evermore. Types of Rhyme: • End rhyme: the lines of a poem end with a similar sound • Rhyme schemes—the pattern of the rhyme such as ABAB, CDCD, EFEF, GG for a Shakespearean Sonnet. • True rhyme occurs when stressed syllables in pairs of words contain the same vowel and consonant sounds in combination, such as "dating" and "skating. “ • Slant rhyme, or "near rhyme, " occurs when the rhyming is close but not perfect, as in "fort" and "fret, " or "daisy" and "racy. " • Internal rhyme, is when similar sounds are found within single lines.

Sound The Raven Edgar Allan Poe "books Surcease of Sorrow—Sorrow for the lost Lenore, “ “Rare and Radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore— • Alliteration is the repetition especially of consonant sounds in words occurring in close proximity.

Sound • Assonance involves the repetition of similar vowel sounds in syllables ending with different consonant sounds, as in "roof, " "tooth, " and "shoot. ”

Sound • Onomatopoeia is where the sounds of words suggest their meaning, such as in the words "buzz, " "crackle, " and "sizzle. "