ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 1 117 The

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The ECAM system keeps a watchful eye on all of the aircraft systems monitoring them for any abnormal states. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 2/117

If something abnormal is detected ECAM will alert the pilots and provide an electronic checklist to help handle the abnormality. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 3/117

The two ECAM displays, the E/WD and the SD, are where the ECAM system provides normal and abnormal system information to the pilots. Engine/Warning Display System Display ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 4/117

Color coding is used on the ECAM screens for clarity and to aid identification of abnormal parameters. The main colors used are: • White, • Blue, • Green, • Amber, • Red. During the course, you will become familiar with the use of this color coding. Let’s start with the last 3, Green, Amber, and Red, which are the most important. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 5/117

Green color coding is used to indicate a normal condition. Notice that on the E/WD and the SD shown, all indications are normal. = NORMAL ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 6/117

Amber color coding is reserved for abnormal indications that require crew awareness, but not immediate crew action. Notice on the E/WD, the amber failure message and on the SD the amber indications. = ABNORMAL AWARENESS NOT IMMEDIATE ACTION ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 7/117

Red color coding is reserved for serious parameter exceedance and warnings that require immediate crew action. Notice on the E/WD, the red parameter indication and the red warning message. Let’s now look at the two ECAM displays in a little more detail. = WARNING IMMEDIATE CREW ACTION ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 8/117

The E/WD is divided into two main parts. The upper area is used for the main engine parameters, Fuel on Board, and Slat/Flap position. These indications will be discussed in the appropriate system modules. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 9/117

Under normal conditions, the lower part of the E/WD is used to display MEMO. In the example shown the memos indicate that the seat belt and no smoking signs are switched on and that the APU is available for use. Memo Messages ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 10/117

If failures occur Warning/Caution messages are displayed in place of the memos. In the example shown there is an amber caution message with a series of blue action items. These action items are your electronic checklist to respond to the particular abnormal situation Warnings/Caution Messages ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 11/117

The SD is used to display particular system information. In the example shown the CRUISE page is displayed. This is the page normally seen for the majority of the time that the aircraft is airborne. Information, that is useful during flight, from several systems is displayed. The individual indications will be covered in the appropriate system modules. CRUISE Page ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 12/117

The SD can also be used to display synoptic diagrams of the aircraft systems, System pages. In the example shown the hydraulics system page has been called. You will see later how these system pages are called either manually or automatically. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 13/117

An aircraft STATUS page may be displayed on the SD to check the state of the aircraft. A NORMAL message is displayed to indicate that the aircraft state is normal and that there are no inoperative systems. Let’s see what the STATUS page looks like when things are not normal, for example, following a system failure. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 14/117

Limitations ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 15/117

Limitations Approach Procedures ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 16/117

Limitations Approach Procedures Information ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 17/117

The information displayed on the STATUS page will vary depending on the failure but as an example can include: • Limitations, • Approach procedures including actions and corrections, • Information, • Inoperative systems. Limitations Approach Procedures Inoperative Systems Information ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 18/117

The area at the bottom of any SD contains permanent data: • Total Air Temperature (TAT), • Static Air Temperature (SAT), • Time, • Gross Weight. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 19/117

Individual airlines can choose which units they wish to use for certain parameters on the ECAM screens. In the examples shown we have highlighted the areas on the screens where the units used differ. US UNITS ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT METRIC UNITS MENU ECAM System 20/117

Because these indications are only mentioned in a few areas of the ground school course, we will use boxes to indicate that the units may differ depending on your airlines’ choice. The boxes mean that the information in this area of the screen is irrelevant to the system being studied. When a system, for example Fuel, is being studied then appropriate unit values will be shown. US UNITS ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT METRIC UNITS MENU ECAM System 21/117

Under normal conditions the ECAM system provides the pilots with the information that they “Need to Know” for the particular phase of flight, no more no less. As an example during the approach when the landing gear is extended the ECAM WHEEL system page is automatically displayed. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 22/117

The ECAM system divides the various stages of a flight into phases, from initial electrical power up until after engine shutdown. The ECAM system will avoid alerting the pilots unnecessarily during the critical flight phases of take off and landing. The warnings and cautions that can be delayed until a less critical phase of flight will be inhibited. Take Off Landing Electrical power up ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT After shut down MENU ECAM System 23/117

We will now look at the different ways that the ECAM system advises you when things are not going exactly right. We will start with a minor advice indication and work up to a major fault, concentrating on the two ECAM screens. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 24/117

If a system parameter, for example an engine vibration level, approaches a limit the ECAM system will advise you of this by displaying the relevant system page on the SD. The affected parameter will pulse. Notice that at this stage, the parameter is still shown in green since it is still within normal limits. This is known as an ECAM ADVISORY. Now let’s look at what happens when ECAM detects a minor system failure. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 25/117

When a failure occurs leading to a loss of redundancy or loss of a system that does not affect the safety of the flight, for example DFDR FAULT, the ECAM system will inform you by displaying an amber CAUTION message on the E/WD. At the same time the two CLEAR keys on the ECAM control panel will illuminate. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 26/117

The first action is to ensure that the aircraft is on a safe flight path. This fault only requires crew awareness so if required the handling of the fault can be delayed. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 27/117

Normally the PNF carries out the ECAM procedure while the PF is responsible for the aircraft flight path. For this exercise you are the PNF. Read the title of the failure, in this case “RECORDER DFDR FAULT”. The PF will ask you to perform ECAM actions. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 28/117

In this case there are no actions required so, after confirmation from the PF, the caution message can be cleared by pressing one of the CLEAR keys on the ECAM Control Panel. Press a CLEAR key ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 29/117

As a result of pressing either CLEAR key the Caution message has been cleared from the E/WD and the STATUS page is displayed automatically. In this example you can see that the inoperative system is the DFDR. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 30/117

On the ECAM control panel the STATUS key is illuminated along with the two CLEAR keys. When safe to do so the STATUS page is reviewed by both pilots. After confirmation from the PF the STATUS page is cleared by pressing either the STS key or one of the CLR keys. Clear the STATUS page ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 31/117

Notice that: • on the E/WD there is a boxed STS caption to tell you that there is information on the STATUS page, • on the ECAM control panel there are no lights. The ECAM actions for the DFDR fault are complete. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 32/117

We will now look at what happens when a slightly more serious fault is detected by ECAM. The fault that we will use is an overheat of the Blue Hydraulic system reservoir. We will concentrate on the use of the ECAM system, how it alerts you, and how it helps you to deal with the fault. The hydraulic indications themselves will be covered in the appropriate modules. Click on the forward arrow to initiate the failure. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 33/117

When the fault occurs the ECAM system alerts the crew aurally and visually. You will hear a single chime and see the MASTER CAUTION lights. To cancel the MASTER CAUTION lights, and reset the alerting system, one of the MASTER CAUTION pb must be pressed. Extinguish the Master Caution light ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 34/117

The MASTER CAUTION is extinguished and the alerting system is reset. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 35/117

= ABNORMAL AWARENESS NOT IMMEDIATE ACTION The first priority is always to ensure the safe flight path of the aircraft before dealing with the fault. The MASTER CAUTION means that the abnormal situation needs crew awareness but not immediate action. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 36/117

The indications are: • A failure message on the E/WD, • The system synoptic associated with the fault is automatically displayed on the SD, • The Clear keys on the ECAM control panel light up. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 37/117

Let’s study the details on the E/WD first. The system title is underlined, in this case HYDraulics, and the fault is shown alongside, Blue Re. Ser. Voi. R S V R OVer. Hea. T. Notice that abbreviations H T OV are used. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 38/117

If you look carefully at the Hydraulic system display you will notice an amber OVHT message is displayed. This abnormal indication is how the fault is shown on the system synoptic. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 39/117

The PF will ask you to perform the ECAM actions. In this example there is a blue action line on the E/WD telling you to switch off the Blue Electrical Pump. Let’s check the overhead panel. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 40/117

On the overhead panel an amber fault light has illuminated on the Hydraulic control panel. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 41/117

The fault light on the HYD panel helps you to locate the switch to be operated. We will carry out the action for you. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 42/117

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When the pump is switched off the action line is removed. The Blue hydraulic system depressurizes, as shown on the HYD page by the amber indications. The ECAM system detects the drop in pressure and generates a further alert. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 44/117

You hear the chime and see the Master Caution lights. Extinguish the Master Caution lights ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 45/117

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There is now a new abnormal message on the E/WD , B SYS LO PR. The message is boxed to indicate that the loss of the blue hydraulic system is classed as a Primary failure that will affect other systems. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 47/117

The systems affected are shown on the right of the E/WD as starred items called Secondary failures. In this example the Primary failure of the Blue hydraulic system has caused a Secondary failure of Flight Controls. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 48/117

After review and confirmation from the PF the Hydraulic failure message on the E/WD can be cleared. Clear the HYDRAULICS message. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 49/117

Notice that normal memos have returned on the left side of the E/WD. The ECAM F/CTL system page is displayed on the SD which corresponds to the secondary failure item on the E/WD. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 50/117

On the ECAM F/CTL page, notice that the controls affected by the loss of Blue hydraulics have amber indications. These indications will be discussed in the Hydraulic and Flight Control modules. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 51/117

After review and confirmation from the PF the Flight Control secondary failure message can be cleared. Clear F/CTL ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 52/117

Notice that the secondary failure indication on the E/WD is removed. The STATUS page is now displayed containing several pieces of information. The first area gives procedures to be applied for approach, Landing distance factors, and other information. You will study the procedures in the appropriate system lessons. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 53/117

In this example the inoperative systems are: • CAT 3, which means that Category 3 autoland is not available, • BLUE HYD, the system was switched off during the ECAM procedure, • SPLR 3, the spoilers that are inoperative because there is no blue hydraulic pressure. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 54/117

The STATUS page is reviewed by both pilots. After confirmation from the PF the STATUS page can be cleared. Clear the STATUS page ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 55/117

The ECAM actions for a Blue Hydraulic Reservoir Overheat are complete. Notice that the STATUS reminder is displayed at the bottom of the E/WD reminding you that there is information on the STATUS page. This is important since there were approach procedures to be applied. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 56/117

If it contains information, the ECAM system automatically recalls the STATUS page during the approach phase when the slats are extended. This is done so that if there any items affecting the approach and landing they will be presented to you at an early stage. You can see that in the example shown there approach procedures. You will see how these approach procedures are applied later in the course. Clear the STATUS page. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 57/117

The STATUS page is cleared and the CRUISE page is displayed. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 58/117

So far we have looked at how the ECAM system advises you of minor failures. We will now look at what happens when there is a serious failure that requires immediate action. To demonstrate this we will use an Engine Fire. As before we will not concentrate on the system failure but on ECAM indications and procedures. Be ready to cancel the warning by pressing a MASTER WARNING pb. Click on the forward arrow to initiate the failure. = WARNING IMMEDIATE CREW ACTION ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 59/117

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When the fault occurs the ECAM system alerts the crew aurally and visually. You hear a continuous repetitive chime and see the MASTER WARNING lights flashing. Press one of the MASTER WARNING pb to: • cancel the MASTER WARNING lights, • stop the chimes, • reset the alerting system. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 61/117

On the E/WD the red message ENG 1 FIRE and the associated procedure are displayed. The red indications on the FIRE panel and the ENG panel provide confirmation and identification of the affected engine. The ENGINE page has automatically been called on the SD, and in this example the nacelle temperature is pulsing. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 62/117

Notice that there is a red LAND ASAP message on the E/WD. This means that ECAM has determined that the fault detected is serious enough to require a landing as soon as possible. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 63/117

The PF maintains control of the aircraft and asks you, as PNF, to start the procedure. We will do the ECAM actions for you starting with setting thrust lever 1 to idle. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 64/117

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The next line on the ECAM procedure is now carried out. We will switch engine 1 off for you. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 69/117

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After switching ENG 1 off, the after ENG 1 SHUT DOWN procedure is shown on the E/WD. Notice that the amber caution message has appeared below the red warning. This happens because you have to finish the engine fire procedure before carrying out the actions for ENG 1 SHUTDOWN. The ECAM system has automatically allocated priority to the warning. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 73/117

As a result of switching off the engine there are now secondary failures. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 74/117

The next ECAM action is to push the engine 1 fire pb. We will do this for you. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 75/117

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Notice that there is a white line in the abnormal checklist. In this example there is a delay in discharging the agent to let the engine spool down. We have paused the countdown at 10 seconds. To continue the countdown click on the forward arrow. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 79/117

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When the countdown is complete a blue action line appears telling you to discharge the first fire bottle. We will do this for you. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 90/117

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The next action line is to notify ATC. Since the ECAM system can not tell when you are talking there is no feedback so this line will not disappear. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 92/117

Notice that we still have a red fire indication which means that the fire is not extinguished. Another condition line has appeared and a second countdown automatically starts. This one is 30 seconds long. We have paused the countdown. To continue the countdown click on the forward arrow. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 93/117

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Agent 1 managed to extinguish the fire. The countdown for agent 2 stopped immediately. Notice that: • the ENG FIRE procedure on the ECAM disappeared. This means the fire is out, • the local warnings on the FIRE panel and the ENG panel are no longer illuminated, confirming that the fire is out, • LAND ASAP has changed from red to amber which means that ECAM has determined that the fault is less critical, but still requires a landing as soon as possible. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 98/117

The remaining steps are similar to those seen for an ECAM CAUTION so we will stop here. You have seen that the ECAM system has provided a smart and interactive checklist to help you deal with a major problem. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 99/117

So far the messages and procedures displayed on the E/WD have not been more than 7 lines, so we have had room to display them all. Let’s look at how ECAM copes with a long procedure. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 100/117

In this example of the indications for an engine fire on the ground there is an overflow arrow to indicate that there is more information to be seen. For training purposes we have shown the rest of the procedure below the E/WD. We will complete the ECAM actions and you will see the associated line of the procedure disappear. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 101/117

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As actions are completed the rest of the information will be displayed and the overflow arrow will be removed. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 105/117

On the STATUS page an overflow arrow also indicates that there is further information to be seen on a second page. By pressing a CLEAR key the next page can be displayed. Press a CLEAR key ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 106/117

The second page of STATUS information is displayed. Notice that the list of inoperative systems has not changed and that there is still an overflow arrow. Press a CLEAR key ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 107/117

The second page of inoperative systems is displayed. There is still an overflow arrow indicating that there is more to be seen. Press a CLEAR key ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 108/117

The last page of inoperative systems is displayed and the overflow arrow is removed. If you want to display the first STATUS page again the STS key can be pressed. Press the STS key ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 109/117

We are now back at the first STATUS page again. You will have the opportunity to practice the moving between STATUS pages in the simulator so we will stop here. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 110/117

To summarize; initially you see all the information on the left side of the STATUS page, and then all the inoperative systems on the right. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 111/117

To complete this module let’s briefly look at ECAM priority. We will only use the bottom part of the E/WD for this demonstration. You are part way through the ENG 1 FIRE procedure when ECAM detects another failure. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 112/117

The low priority RECORDER DFDR FAULT has appeared below the higher priority ENG 1 FIRE and ENG 1 SHUTDOWN procedures. Unfortunately it is one of those days and another failure occurs. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 113/117

The AP OFF warning has appeared above the ENG 1 FIRE procedure. ECAM has automatically assigned priority to the AP OFF message because the first priority is always to fly the aircraft! ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 114/117

The low priority RECORDER DFDR fault is now off the screen. You are advised that the fault is there by the unstarred RECORDER text in the right hand column of the E/WD and the green overflow arrow. We will clear the AUTO FLT AP OFF warning for you. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 115/117

The RECORDER DFDR FAULT message is back at the bottom of the E/WD and the RECORDER text has been removed from the right hand column. ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 116/117

In this module we have discussed the ECAM system. You have seen the various failure levels and how the ECAM system alerts, indicates, and helps you deal with a failure. Throughout the ground school course, and during your simulator sessions, you will have the opportunity to practice ECAM procedures. Module Complete ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT MENU ECAM System 117/117 NEXT

LIST OF SUBJECTS ENGINE/WARNING DISPLAY SYSTEM DISPLAY FAILURE HANDLING OVERFLOW ARROW AUDIO GLOSSARY RETURN ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT FCOM EXIT MENU ECAM System 118/117