Electroni Cycle Inc Technical Process of WEEE Recycling

Electroni. Cycle, Inc. Technical Process of WEEE Recycling: Products and Processes Presented to China’s National Appliance Productivity Center (CNAPC) Conference on WEEE September 24 -26, 2002 Robin Ingenthron President, American Retroworks Inc. VP, Electroni. Cycle Inc. PO Box 1010 Middlebury, VT 05753 P: 802 -382 -8500

Electroni. Cycle, Inc. State Recycling Contracts: 3 Basic Goals • Meet Chinese/World demand for copper • Use Best available environmental management • Least possible cost PO Box 1010 Middlebury, VT 05753 P: 802 -382 -8500

Electroni. Cycle, Inc. Example: the CRT Monitor • US demand: 50 million monitors per year • Chinese demand: 50 M monitors per year • India demand: 50 M monitors per year • % Made in Asia rising every year These 3 countries will need 450, 000 lbs. of copper for monitors alone PO Box 1010 Middlebury, VT 05753 P: 802 -382 -8500

Electroni. Cycle, Inc. 3 Sources of Copper World Copper Production: 2001 1. Mining (concentrates) 2. Primary Smelter Recycling (includes mix of brass, etc. ) 3. Secondary Smelter Recycling PO Box 1010 Middlebury, VT 05753 13, 570, 000 tons 1, 234, 000 802, 000 P: 802 -382 -8500

Electroni. Cycle, Inc. Lifecycle of Copper Mining Primary Smelting Wire Fabrication Product Assembly Distribution / Retail Repair Secondary Smelting First Consumer Recycle PO Box 1010 Middlebury, VT 05753 2 nd Consumer Disposal P: 802 -382 -8500

Electroni. Cycle, Inc. First Effect: Reduce Mining Waste cyanide 500 Tons Mining, Concentrating 2% concentrates, 98% waste Arsenic Primary Smelting 350 tons residuals, 145 tons leachate tailings 1. 8 -2. 7 tons SO gas 1. 8 tons slag PO Box 1010 Middlebury, VT 05753 1 ton refined copper P: 802 -382 -8500

Electroni. Cycle, Inc. Pollution Subsidies for Raw Materials ü Number of 15 largest EPA Superfund Sites which are hard rock mines: 14 ü Percent of all toxic emissions from all US Industries attributed to hard-rock mining: 47% ü Estimated Cost of Superfund cleanups to taxpayers $10 B PO Box 1010 Middlebury, VT 05753 P: 802 -382 -8500

Electroni. Cycle, Inc. Recycling Markets Primary Smelting First Consumer Recycle Secondary Smelting 2 nd Consumer Repair PO Box 1010 Middlebury, VT 05753 P: 802 -382 -8500

Electroni. Cycle, Inc. Recycling Plant Shipping PO Box 1010 Middlebury, VT 05753 P: 802 -382 -8500

Electroni. Cycle, Inc. 1) Collection and Receiving Collections/deliveries from City services, Retailers, Charities, Trash Haulers 6 Million residents Receiving: Must categorize, price, weigh each load and enter it into administration database. $/lb monitors $/lb TVs $/lb CPUs PO Box 1010 Middlebury, VT 05753 $/lb mixed P: 802 -382 -8500

Electroni. Cycle, Inc. Destiny of materials at Electroni. Cycle Glass Smelters Plastic Recyclers Gold, copper, aluminum other metals Smelters PO Box 1010 Middlebury, VT 05753 P: 802 -382 -8500

Electroni. Cycle, Inc. 2) Technical Triage 3) Demanufacturing /Processing Department $8 -10 / hour 15 -30% 70% labor force 50 categories of scrap remove screws grading baling PO Box 1010 Middlebury, VT 05753 4) Technical Department $10 -22 / hour 70 -85% 30% labor force 41 categories of parts, reuse, etc. inspect for in-house repair inspect for 3 rd party repair P: 802 -382 -8500

Electroni. Cycle, Inc. Why is USA recycling expensive? • Demanufacturing labor is high (75 monitors per FTE/day) • Plant and overhead is new • Baling, shredding, air compressing, power generating equipment, degaussing equipment, rolling stock, shredder Revenues: Tip Fees 85% Repair / Resale 10% Recycling 5% PO Box 1010 Middlebury, VT 05753 P: 802 -382 -8500

Electroni. Cycle, Inc. Labor cost to product value $ spent and earned per 1000 monitors Does not include tipping fees charged to government. Unscrupulous competitors avoid demanufacturing and repair labor, send WEEE overseas “as is” PO Box 1010 Middlebury, VT 05753 P: 802 -382 -8500

Electroni. Cycle, Inc. 3. Demanufacturing / Processing • • Processed Material Grades of gold Grades of copper Grades of ferrous Grades of Plastic Grades of Alumium Grades of Glass PO Box 1010 Middlebury, VT 05753 P: 802 -382 -8500

Electroni. Cycle, Inc. Possible End-Markets for Processed Material Disadvantages PO Box 1010 Middlebury, VT 05753 P: 802 -382 -8500

Electroni. Cycle, Inc. Sample Beijing EPA Permit for graded copper scrap. These permits are intended to allow 3 million tons per year of processed (clean) scrap, but some may have been abused by waste exporters PO Box 1010 Middlebury, VT 05753 P: 802 -382 -8500

Electroni. Cycle, Inc. 4. Technical Department 4) Technical Department 25% material = 60% revenue Domestic Refurbishment - TVs 1992+, 75 cm+ - Monitors 1996+, 55 cm+ - Parts resale, cords, etc. - Networking Equipment Export Reuse - Working small monitors - Repairable large monitors - Pentium computers - Repairable PAL TVs, VCRs PO Box 1010 Middlebury, VT 05753 P: 802 -382 -8500

Electroni. Cycle, Inc. 4. Examples of Technical Dept. PO Box 1010 Middlebury, VT 05753 P: 802 -382 -8500

Electroni. Cycle, Inc. Realistic Reuse Goals Red portion is still good for reuse, Blue portion should be processed to remove toxic waste % of weight Re-usable PO Box 1010 Middlebury, VT 05753 P: 802 -382 -8500

Electroni. Cycle, Inc. Largest Sellers of Refurbished Computer Equipment (USA) • • Gateway Dell IBM Hewlett Packard/Compaq Hire your best counterfeiters! • “Certified” Refurbished units is fastest growing profit center • Used Quality Products compete with New Off-name products PO Box 1010 Middlebury, VT 05753 P: 802 -382 -8500

Electroni. Cycle, Inc. Summary of Alternatives PO Box 1010 Middlebury, VT 05753 P: 802 -382 -8500

Electroni. Cycle, Inc. Chinese secondary non-ferrous smelters PO Box 1010 Middlebury, VT 05753 P: 802 -382 -8500

Electroni. Cycle, Inc. Chinese secondary non-ferrous smelters, cont. PO Box 1010 Middlebury, VT 05753 P: 802 -382 -8500

Electroni. Cycle, Inc. Recycling or Disposal Jobs / Ton 1 ton = about 50 picture tubes Most employment from repair and reuse; Next most employment is from correct processing PO Box 1010 Middlebury, VT 05753 P: 802 -382 -8500

Electroni. Cycle, Inc. More Perspectives • • • Www. ban. org www. unctad. org www. mineralpolicy. org www. mpi. org. au www. retroworks. com www. electronicycle. com PO Box 1010 Middlebury, VT 05753 P: 802 -382 -8500