Electron Beam Flue Gas Treatment Andrzej G. Chmielewski Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology Warsaw, Poland Industrial and Environmental Applications of Electron Accelerators, Warsaw, November 6 -7, 2014 1
The team Dr. Bogdan Tymiński† Dr. Janusz Licki Dr. Zbigniew Zimek Dr. hab. Yongxia Sun Dr. Andrzej Pawelec Mr. Sylwester Bułka
Fossil fuels
Environmental impact
Wet FGD + SCR
Electron beam
radiothermal SO 2 + OH* + M HSO 3 + M HSO 3 + O 2 SO 3 + HO 2* SO 3 + H 2 O H 2 SO 4 + 2 NH 3 (NH 4)2 SO 4 thermal SO 2 + 2 NH 3 (NH 3)2 SO 2 --> (NH 4)2 SO 4 1. H. Namba: Materials of UNDP(IAEA)RCA Regional Training Course on Radiation Technology for Environmental Conservation TRCE-JAERI, Takasaki, September/October 1993, 99 -104 2. A. G. Chmielewski: Nukleonika 45(1) (2000) 31
NO oxidation NO + O(3 P) + M NO 2 + M O(3 P) + O 2 + M O 3 + M NO + O 3 + M NO 2 + M NO + HO 2* + M NO 2 + OH* +M NO + OH* + M HNO 2 +M HNO 2 + OH* NO 2 + H 2 O NO 2 removal NO 2 + OH* + M HNO 3 + M HNO 3 + NH 3 NH 4 NO 3 H. Namba: Materials of UNDP(IAEA)RCA Regional Training Course on Radiation Technology for Environmental Conservation TRCE-JAERI, Takasaki, September/October 1993, 99 -104
NO + N(4 S) N 2 + O NO 2 + N(4 S) N 2 O + O N(2 D) + NH 3 NH* + NH 2* NO + NH 2* N 2 + H 2 O NO 2 + NH 2* N 2 O + H 2 O NO + NH* N 2 + OH* NO 2 + NH* N 2 O + OH* H. Namba: Materials of UNDP(IAEA)RCA Regional Training Course on Radiation Technology for Environmental Conservation TRCE-JAERI, Takasaki, September/October 1993, 99 -104
EPS Kawęczyn
EPS Pomorzany
EPS Pomorzany
Results
NPK Fertilizer
Pilot plant
The IEB-FGC Lab INET, Tsinghua University
Flue Gas Cleaning Plant in Changdu, China
Pilot Plant in Maritsa East 2 Thermal Plant
BULGARIA
Oil fired boiler
General view of the pilot plant 1 - stack of F 1001 boiler 2 - boiler F 1001 3 -flue gas duct 4 -control room 5 -humidification unit 6 -pilot plant stack 7 -bag filter 8 -insulated duct part 9 -cyclone 10 -ammonia storage and injection unit 11 -EB mobile unit
Pilot plant process units 1. 2. 3. 4. inlet to process vessel, EB-TECH mobile unit, cyclone, cartridge filter 5. ID fan 6. stack
Process vessel
EB mobile unit (EBTECH) EBTECH
Monitoring system
SO 2 and NOx removal efficiency
Contents of heavy metals (mg/kg) in the byproduct and limits for heavy metals content in the NPK fertilizer established in some countries As <0. 02 Cd <0. 01 Cr 0. 43 Co 0. 03 Pb 1. 01 Hg <0. 03 Ni 63. 5 Zn 18. 3 Remarks averaged values for byproducts collected by cartridge bag filter 0. 24 0. 09 1. 61 0. 03 0. 54 1. 41 22. 80 1476 byproducts collected by ESP 2800 US EPA CFR 40 Part. 503 Canadian Fertilizer Act (1996) Polish standard mean values of heavy metals concentrations in fertilizers marketed 41 39 75 20 50 Limits for heavy metals content in NPK fertilizer 300 17 420 50 32. 2 150 12. 9 5 140 276. 8 500 2 17. 8 180 72. 3 1350
CARGO SHIPS
NOx removal hybrid process Cooperation with dr. H. Nichipor, Belarus based on experimental results obtained in INCT • Ti. O 2 + electron beam→e− + hole+ • h+ + Ti. O 2 - H 2 O → OH • + H+ • e− + Ti. O 2 -O 2 → O 2− • Ti. O 2 + NO → Ti. O 2 -NO • Ti. O 2 -NO + OH • → Ti. O 2 - HNO 2 • Ti. O 2 - HNO 2 + OH • → Ti. O 2 -NO 2 + H 2 O • Ti. O 2 - NO 2 + OH • → HNO 3(aq) Thus NO is removed from gas phase
PAH treatment naphtaleneacenaphtene pyrene anthracene benzo(a)pyrene fluoranthene dibenzo(a, h) anthracene
VOC treatment (exp. vs. modeling) Toluene, benzene over 50 kinetic equations in each case; SOx, NOx in presence of VOC
MUNICIPAL WASTE INCINERATION JAERI, Takasaki, Japan Stack Electron Flue accelerator & gas Irradiation vessel Electron accelerator House for test out Irradiation vessel Self-shielded type and Curtain beams 300 ke. V max. and 40 m. A max.
EB/Catalyst Konkuk , ROK VOC Decomposition by EB Acceleration of Electron N 2, O 2, H 2 O, etc. e- Irradiation of Electron VOC Removal by Radical Reaction VOC OH , N , HO 2 , O radicals CO 2 , O 3 , Byproducts Oxidation by Catalyst Activation of Catalyst & Oxidation of by-Products eradical O 3 Surface Activation Surface Reforming Oxidation of by-products & VOC
Conclusions • EBFGT is the most advanced technology for simultaneous SOx and NOx removal • Feasibility of the technology has been demonstrated for coal fired plant in the full industrial scale • Feasibility of the technology has been demonstrated for oil fired boiler in pilot industrial scale • The process can be applied for Diesel engine flue gas treatment at cargo ships (laboratory tests) • The process can be applied for VOC and PAH treatment (laboratory and industrial pilot tests) • The process can be applied for mercury emission control (laboratory tests) Industrial and Environmental Applications of Electron Accelerators, Warsaw, November 6 -7, 2014 36
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