EGOV An Action Framework for Governance 2

EGOV. * An Action Framework for Governance 2. 0 Tomasz Janowski, Adegboyega Ojo, Elsa Estevez {tj, ao, elsa}@iist. unu. edu ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK BEIJING, CHINA, 27 NOVEMBER 2009, 1

AIM MOTIVATION Explain Governance 2. 0 and the reasons for a systematic approach to its development. FRAMEWORK Introduce EGOV. * - An Action Framework for Electronic Government DETAILS Explaining six main actions of the framework: 1)Readiness Assessment 2)Research and Problem Solving 3)Strategy Development 4)Program Development 5)Human Capacity Development 6)Organizational Capacity Development ADAPTATION Explain how EGOV. * could be applied to implement Governance 2. 0 strategies ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK BEIJING, CHINA, 27 NOVEMBER 2009, 2

OVERVIEW 1 Governance 2. 0 2 EGOV. * - Electronic Government Development Framework 3 Applying EGOV. * to Governance 2. 0 4 Conclusions ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK BEIJING, CHINA, 27 NOVEMBER 2009, 3

ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT DEFINITION Technology-enabled transformation of government organizations and their relationships with citizens, businesses and other arms of government. AIMS Customer orientation Business-like management Quality public services Citizens engagement and trust ENABLERS Processes Technology Policies People RISKS 1) Over-reliance on technology 2) Inadequate public consultation 3) Insufficient collaboration in government 4) Lack of emphasis on building human capacity 5) Absence internal ownership, vision or strategy 6) Direct adoption of solutions designed for other contexts 7) Insufficient learning and research to precede implementation 8) Insufficient administrative reform to accompany e-Government, etc. Reengineering administrative/business processes ICT environment to support organizational change Well-defined direction for technology-supported change Public workforce trained in leadership, management and technical skills EGOV. * - AN ACTION FRAMEWORK FOR GOVERNANCE 2. 0 WSIS FORUM 2010, GENEVA, 13 MAY 2010, 4

GOVERNANCE 2. 0 – WHAT? DEFINITION The use of social media (Web 2. 0 technologies) by governments for improving citizen access to information, participation in policy processes, delivery of customer-focused services and harnessing collective intelligence of citizens CONTEXT Converging with other long-term societal trends such as: o. Empowering citizens o. The rise of knowledge workers o. The importance of informal learning o. User-driven innovation o. Transformation of hierarchical into network-based organizations TECHNOLOGIES Blogs Wiki (e. g. Wikipedia) Podcasts RSS feeds Tagging (e. g. Flickr, del. icio. us) Social networks e. g. Facebook, Myspace Search engines Massive Multiplayer Online Games e. g. World of Warcraft or Second Life EGOV. * - AN ACTION FRAMEWORK FOR GOVERNANCE 2. 0 WSIS FORUM 2010, GENEVA, 13 MAY 2010, 5

GOVERNANCE 2. 0 – WHY? Expected benefits of Governance 2. 0: 1 User-orientation Solutions like Patient. Opinion. org. uk help understand user needs while public feedback and rating systems stimulate userorientation 2 Transparency and accountability Applications like They. Work. For. You. com and Planning. Alerts. com enable citizen awareness and monitoring of government activities. 3 Participation and inclusiveness E-Participation solutions such as e-Petitions stimulate debate and participation in public decision-making. 4 Joined-up government Applications like Intellipedia or knowledge management platform of Allen and Overy enable better collaboration across and within organizations, reducing the "silo effect" and duplication of efforts EGOV. * - AN ACTION FRAMEWORK FOR GOVERNANCE 2. 0 WSIS FORUM 2010, GENEVA, 13 MAY 2010, 6

GOVERNANCE 2. 0 – WHERE? Major applications of Web 2. 0 in government: Back office: Front office o. Regulation o. Cross-agency collaboration o. Knowledge management o. Service provision o. Political participation o. Transparency o. Law enforcement The Application – Participatory Governance entails processes and institutions that contribute to public decision-making. Participatory Governance treats citizen engagement as the locus of governance, covering: opreference determination opolicy formulation opolicy implementation omonitoring and accountability Governance 2. 0 enables and supports Participatory Governance through the use of Web 2. 0 technology. EGOV. * - AN ACTION FRAMEWORK FOR GOVERNANCE 2. 0 WSIS FORUM 2010, GENEVA, 13 MAY 2010, 7

GOVERNANCE 2. 0 – PLANNING Planning for Governance 2. 0: o Considering Governance 2. 0 as a Technology concern. o Focusing on the core governance issues that will benefit most from Governance 2. 0. o Aligning technology (Governance 2. 0) and organizational (Participatory Governance) aspects. Organization Technology Participatory Governance Strategy Governance 2. 0 Strategy Participatory Governance Structure Governance 2. 0 Structure EGOV. * - AN ACTION FRAMEWORK FOR GOVERNANCE 2. 0 WSIS FORUM 2010, GENEVA, 13 MAY 2010, 8

GOVERNANCE 2. 0 – IMPLEMENTATION Adopting a strategy and program development framework which supports the alignment of Participatory Governance and Governance 2. 0. The process entails: 1)Developing a Governance 2. 0 Strategy 2)Designing a Governance 2. 0 Architecture and supporting infrastructure 3)Ensuring the existence of an explicit Participatory Governance strategy 4)Ensuring that the necessary enablers and processes for Participatory Governance are provided 5)Aligning 1 to 4 Developing Governance 2. 0 strategy and program could be carried out through the EGOV. * framework. EGOV. * - AN ACTION FRAMEWORK FOR GOVERNANCE 2. 0 WSIS FORUM 2010, GENEVA, 13 MAY 2010, 9

GOVERNANCE 2. 0 – ISSUES Despite the popularity of Governance 2. 0, a number of implementation issues are coming to the fore: o Justifying the value expected from the Governance 2. 0 adoption, since unrestricted access to audio and video streams can overwhelm networks that were not designed to accommodate large volumes of such traffic in terms of bandwidth requirements and security vulnerability. o Overcoming the perception by tax payers and the public that the use of Web 2. 0 by governments is not a legitimate government business. o The need for monitoring and cleaning up contributed contents to maintain productive public communication, and the need for a clear policy of what is and isn’t allowed in the public virtual space, may open government to the charges of political censorship. o Ensuring that new electronic channels of participation created by Governance 2. 0 are not monopolized or manipulated by a vocal minority. These issues reflect the need for a planned approach to Governance 2. 0 implementation. EGOV. * - AN ACTION FRAMEWORK FOR GOVERNANCE 2. 0 WSIS FORUM 2010, GENEVA, 13 MAY 2010, 10

OVERVIEW 1 Governance 2. 0 2 EGOV. * - Electronic Government Development Framework 3 Applying EGOV. * to Governance 2. 0 4 Conclusions EGOV. * - AN ACTION FRAMEWORK FOR GOVERNANCE 2. 0 WSIS FORUM 2010, GENEVA, 13 MAY 2010, 11

AIM EGOV. * aims to: 1) define an implementation strategy, 2) to construct a government program to realize this strategy, and 3) to build the capacity of the local institutions to implement and benefit from the program towards the development of Electronic Government for a given Public Administration (PA). EGOV. * - AN ACTION FRAMEWORK FOR GOVERNANCE 2. 0 WSIS FORUM 2010, GENEVA, 13 MAY 2010, 12

EGOV. * ACTIONS 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) READINESS ASSESSMENT RESEARCH STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT HUMAN CAPACITY BUILDING ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING Constructing e-Government Program Defining Implementation Strategy Assessing Readiness Researching Best Practices EGOV. * - AN ACTION FRAMEWORK FOR GOVERNANCE 2. 0 Building Human Capacity Building Organizational Capacity EGOV. * - e-Government Development Framework WSIS FORUM 2010, GENEVA, 13 MAY 2010, 13

ACTION 1 – READINESS ASSESSMENT Identify the state-of-practice and state-of-readiness for Electronic Government in the PA, including existing initiatives and studies. Structure, Services, Human Financial Resources … Software, Hardware, Communication EGOV. * - AN ACTION FRAMEWORK FOR GOVERNANCE 2. 0 Constructing e-Government Program Defining Implementation Strategy Assessing Readiness Researching Best Practices Building Human Capacity Readiness Assessment Building Organizational Capacity EGOV. * - e-Government Development Framework WSIS FORUM 2010, GENEVA, 13 MAY 2010, 14

ACTION 2 – RESEARCH Identify relevant international best practices and adapt them to the conditions in the PA, considering the results of the READINESS ASSESSMENT activity. EGOV. * - AN ACTION FRAMEWORK FOR GOVERNANCE 2. 0 Constructing e-Government Program Defining Implementation Strategy Assessing Readiness Researching Best Practices Building Human Capacity Building Organizational Capacity EGOV. * - e-Government Development Framework WSIS FORUM 2010, GENEVA, 13 MAY 2010, 15

ACTION 3 – STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT Agree on the vision for the future of Electronic Government in the PA and define a set of goals, strategies and targets to realize this vision, taking into account the results of the READINESS ASSESSMENT and RESEARCH activities. EGOV. * - AN ACTION FRAMEWORK FOR GOVERNANCE 2. 0 Constructing e-Government Program Defining Implementation Strategy Assessing Readiness Researching Best Practices Building Human Capacity Building Organizational Capacity EGOV. * - e-Government Development Framework WSIS FORUM 2010, GENEVA, 13 MAY 2010, 16

ACTION 4 – PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT Define a concrete government program through which the goals and strategies defined during the STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT activity could be implemented. EGOV. * - AN ACTION FRAMEWORK FOR GOVERNANCE 2. 0 Constructing e-Government Program Defining Implementation Strategy Assessing Readiness Researching Best Practices Building Human Capacity Building Organizational Capacity EGOV. * - e-Government Development Framework WSIS FORUM 2010, GENEVA, 13 MAY 2010, 17

ACTION 5 – HUMAN CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT Raising the capacity of the public workforce in the PA, covering a range of leadership, management and technical skills, to be able to lead, implement and benefit from the PROGRAM activity. EGOV. * - AN ACTION FRAMEWORK FOR GOVERNANCE 2. 0 Constructing e-Government Program Defining Implementation Strategy Assessing Readiness Researching Best Practices Building Human Capacity Building Organizational Capacity EGOV. * - e-Government Development Framework WSIS FORUM 2010, GENEVA, 13 MAY 2010, 18

ACTION 6 – ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT Establishing a Center of Excellence (or Resource Center) on Electronic Governance in the PA, on the basis of existing institutions, and raising organizational capacity of this Center to play the role of central coordinator of Electronic Governance in the PA. EGOV. * - AN ACTION FRAMEWORK FOR GOVERNANCE 2. 0 Constructing e-Government Program Defining Implementation Strategy Assessing Readiness Researching Best Practices Building Human Capacity Building Organizational Capacity EGOV. * - e-Government Development Framework WSIS FORUM 2010, GENEVA, 13 MAY 2010, 19

EXPERIENCE IN APPLYING EGOV. * is being implemented in three states: 1) Macao SAR (e-Macao) - the EGOV. * framework was developed out of the experience of implementing the e-Macao project from July 2004 to December 2006. A good number of projects are currently being implemented (since January 2007) in line with the developed Strategy. 2) Afghanistan (EGOV. AF) - The project commenced in May 2009 and is presently in the strategy development phase. Comprehensive readiness data have been collected through both offline and online survey instruments provided in local languages. The project is scheduled for completion in October 2010. 3) Cameroon (EGOV. CM) – The project commenced I January 2010 and is presently in Research phase. Pilot readiness exercise is scheduled to commence by early June 2010. The project is scheduled for completion by June 2010. Defining characteristics of the framework includes - focus on ownership, local partnership (in addition to international partnership), institution building and sustainability. EGOV. * - AN ACTION FRAMEWORK FOR GOVERNANCE 2. 0 WSIS FORUM 2010, GENEVA, 13 MAY 2010, 20

OVERVIEW 1 Governance 2. 0 2 EGOV. * - Electronic Government Development Framework 3 Applying EGOV. * to Governance 2. 0 4 Conclusions EGOV. * - AN ACTION FRAMEWORK FOR GOVERNANCE 2. 0 WSIS FORUM 2010, GENEVA, 13 MAY 2010, 21

EGOV. * FOR DEVELOPING GOVERNANCE 2. 0 Steps to be undertaken for implementing Governance 2. 0 based on the EGOV. * framework: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) Establishing clear vision and goals for Gov 2. 0 Establishing the readiness and needs for Gov 2. 0 adoption Benchmark studies of other governments use of Web 2. 0 technologies for Gov 2. 0 Policy Developing Gov 2. 0 strategy Developing Gov 2. 0 program Implementing selected pilot Gov 2. 0 initiatives Developing capacity of government officials and raising awareness of citizens on the use of Web 2. 0 Etc. EGOV. * - AN ACTION FRAMEWORK FOR GOVERNANCE 2. 0 WSIS FORUM 2010, GENEVA, 13 MAY 2010, 22

OVERVIEW 1 Governance 2. 0 2 EGOV. * - Electronic Government Development Framework 3 Applying EGOV. * to Governance 2. 0 4 Conclusions EGOV. * - AN ACTION FRAMEWORK FOR GOVERNANCE 2. 0 WSIS FORUM 2010, GENEVA, 13 MAY 2010, 23

CONCLUSION We conclude the presentation with the following points: 1) While it is clear that Web 2. 0 and Governance 2. 0 potentially provides concrete benefits in terms participation, like any technological solution, realizing these benefits is not trivial. 2) Experiences from around the world shows the need for an explicit policy to shape the form and scope of Governance 2. 0 adoption. 3) Strategic alignment between Governance 2. 0 strategy (technology strategy) and Participatory Governance strategy (organizational strategy) is critical for concrete outcomes. 4) While there already exciting opportunities provided by the existing Web 2. 0 tools, more opportunities particularly for the public sector lie in automatic processing of the huge amounts of data provided by citizens on social media, through the integration across social media applications and mining valuable information from these data to support policy decisions. 5) A concrete approach to implementing Governance 2. 0 is the EGOV. * framework. EGOV. * - AN ACTION FRAMEWORK FOR GOVERNANCE 2. 0 WSIS FORUM 2010, GENEVA, 13 MAY 2010, 24

Thank you for listening! More information – www. egov. iist. unu. edu. Tomasz Janowski, Adegboyega Ojo, Elsa Estevez {tj, ao, elsa}@iist. unu. edu ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK BEIJING, CHINA, 27 NOVEMBER 2009, 25