Efficient XML Interchange EXI John Schneider john schneider agiledelta

Efficient XML Interchange (EXI) John Schneider john. schneider@agiledelta. com http: //www. agiledelta. com “POWER TO THE EDGE”

Great Moments in Evolution

XML is Everywhere Motorola Intel Sony IBM Novell Mozilla AT&T Cisco Microsoft BEA Apache RIM Corel Oracle Sun Nokia Sybase Google HP Palm Adobe Macromedia ABN-AMRO Bank Access Company Limited Acuity Adobe Systems Inc. AGF. SI Agfa Division, Bayer Corp. Agile. Delta, Inc. Agile Software Agranat Systems, Inc. Alcatel Alsthom Recherche Alfa-Omega Foundation Aliaron, Inc. Alis Technologies, Inc. Allaire Corporation America Online, Inc. American Express AND Data Ltd AND-USA, Inc. APACS Aplix Corporation Apple Computer, Inc. Arbor. Text, Inc. Architecture Projects Management Ltd. Ardent Software, Inc. Arrow. Point Communications Art Technology Group Asymetrix Corporation AT&T Attachmate Corporation Autodesk, Inc. Back. Web Technologies, Inc. British Broadcasting Corporation BEA Systems, Inc. BELGACOM Bitstream, Inc. Bluestone Software The Boeing Company Bow Street, Inc. Bowne Internet Solutions University of Bristol British Telecommunications Laboratories Bull S. A. Calico Technology, Inc. Canal + Canal/Web Canon, Inc. Cap Gemini Innovation CCTA Center for Democracy and Technology Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI) Center for Telematics and Information Technology (CTIT) Centraal Corporation CERN China Times Interactive Co. , Ltd. Chunghwa Telecom Company, Ltd. Cisco Systems Ci. TEC CITIBANK, N. A. CNET - The Computer Network CNR--Instituto Elaborazione dell. Informazione CNRS Coalition for Networked Information COLLEGIS Research Institute Commerce One Commerce. Net Corel Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI) Council for the Central Laboratory of the Research Councils (CCL) Crystaliz, Inc. CSIRO Australia Cyber. Cash, Inc. Daewoo Electronics Company Data Channel Data Interchange Standards Association, Inc. (DISA) Data Research Associates, Inc. Datafusion, Inc. Datalogics, Incorporated Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts Deutsche Telekom - Online Service Gmb. H (T-Online) DFN Verein Digital Vision Laboratories Corporation Direct Marketing Association, Inc. Distributed Systems Technology Centre (DSTC Pty Ltd) Double. Click E-centre UK Eastman Kodak Company EC Cubed, Inc. École Nationale Supérieure d. Informatique et de Mathématiques Appliquées (ENSIMAG) University of Edinburgh (HCRC Language Technology Group) EEIG/ERCIM Electricité de France Electronic Network Consortium ENEL Engage Technologies Enigma ENN Corporation Entrust Technologies, Inc. Epicentric, Inc. Eprise Corporation ERICSSON Ernst & Young LLP ETNOTEAM S. p. A. EUnet International BV Excosoft Federal Geographic Data Committee Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory FIZ Karlsruhe (Fach. Informations. Zentrum) Forschungszentrum Informatik (FZI) Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) France Telecom Fraunhofer IGD Fretwell-Downing Data Systems Ltd. FSTC (Financial Services Technology Consortium) Fujitsu Limited Fulcrum Technologies, Inc. GE Information Services, Inc. GEMPLUS General Magic, Inc. GEO Interactive Media Group Ltd. George Washington University Geoworks Globe. ID Software GMD National Research Center for Information Technology Graphic Communications Association Grenoble Network Initiative Groove Networks, Inc. Groupe ESC Grenoble GTW Associates Harlequin Inc. Health Level Seven, Inc. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Helsinki Telephone Corporation Hewlett Packard Company Hitachi, Ltd. Hong Kong Jockey Club Hong Kong Productivity Council Hong Kong University of Science & Technology HTML Writers Guild, Inc. Hyperwave Information Management, Ges. m. b. H. IBERDROLA S. A. IBM Corporation IBM Taiwan Corporation IEEE Computer Society ILOG, S. A. IMALL IMG SRC, Inc. Industrial Technology Research Institute Infopartners Information Broadcasting Laboratories, Inc. (IB Labs) Infoteria, Inc. Innosoft International Inc. Inso Corporation, Providence Institut Franco-Russe A. M. Liapunov Intel Corporation Intelink Management Office (IMO) Interleaf, Inc. Intermind The International DOI Foundation International Integrated Systems, Inc. Internet Lawyers Conference (ILC) Interval Research Corporation Intraspect Software, Inc. i. Ready Corporation Jet. Form Joint Info. Systems Comm. of the UK Higher Ed. Funding Council Knowledge. Cite, Inc. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Lexmark International, Inc. Los Alamos National Laboratory Lotus Development Corporation Lucent Technologies Mac. Kichan Software, Inc. Macromedia Marimba, Inc. Match. Logic, Inc. Matra Hachette Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. , Ltd. (MEI) MBED Software Medical. Data Service Gmb. H Merrill Lynch Metropolitan Police Service Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation (MCC) Microsoft Corporation Microstar Software Ltd. Microsystems Software, Inc. Mind. Quake Interactive, Inc. MITRE Corporation Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Motorola MTA SZTAKI NASA Ames Research Center National Chiao Tung University National Security Agency (NSA) National University of Singapore NCompass Labs, Inc. NCR NEC Corporation NETAWAY Netscape Communications Net. Studio Corporation Network Computer, Inc. (NCI) Network Solutions University of New South Wales NHS (National Health Service, UK) Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Corp. (NTT) NOKIA Corporation Nortel Novell, Inc. NTT Data Corporation NTT Mobile Communications Network, Inc. (NTT Do. Co. Mo) OReilly & Associates, Inc. Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) Object Design Object Management Group, Inc. (OMG) Object Services and Consulting, Inc. OCLC (Online Computer Library Center, Inc. ) Omni. Mark Technologies Corporation ONION S. p. A. The Open Group Open Market, Inc. Open Software Associates, Inc. Open Text Corporation Oracle Corporation Pacific Softworks Paradigm Development Corporation Partners Health. Care System, Inc. Pencom Web Works Perspecta, Inc. Pervasive Software Philips Electronic N. V. Phoenix Technologies Ltd. Poet Software Corporation Point. Cast Incorporated Pretty Good Privacy, Inc. The Productivity Works, Inc. Qualcomm Inc. Quark, Inc. Rapid Logic, Inc. Raptor Systems, Inc. Real. Networks Reed Elsevier Reuters Limited Rivcom Riverland Holding NV/SA Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology Royal National Institute for the Blind (RNIB) S. W. I. F. T. sc SAIC/Bellcore Sandpiper Networks, Inc. SAP AG SBC Technology Resources Security Dynamics Technologies, Inc. Segue Software Sema Group Sharp Corporation SICS Sitara Networks, Inc. Snap Soft. Quad Software, Inc. Software AG Software Publishers Association (SPA) Sonnetech, Ltd. Sony Corporation University of Southampton Speech Works International, Inc. Spyglass, Inc. Sqribe Technologies Star. Burst Communications Strategic Interactive Group Stuart Mc. Intosh Sun Microsystems, Inc. surf. CONTROL SURFnet bv Swedish Institute for Systems Development (SISU) Sybase, Inc. Synth-Bank Tandem Computers, a division of Compaq Technische Universitat Graz Teknema Corporation Telecom Colombia Telecom Italia Texcel Group The Thomson Corporation TIAA-CREF TNO Multimedia and Telecommunications Toshiba Corporation Toyota Motor Corporation Trilogy Technologies, Inc. TRUSTe 2 Bridge Software UKERNA UNI. C United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Unwired Planet UWI. Com Veon, Inc. Veri. Sign, Inc. Verity, Inc. Victor Data Systems Co. , Ltd. Vignette Corporation Visio Corporation VTT Information Technology Wall Data Incorporated Waterloo Maple web. Methods, Inc. Web. TV Networks Inc. Win. Writers Wolfram Research, Inc. worldweb WWW - KR Xerox Corporation Xionics Document Technologies, Inc. Universal adoption, thriving community, fantastic products, rapid innovation

XML is Everywhere Motorola Intel Sony IBM Novell Mozilla AT&T Cisco Microsoft Sold! BEA Apache RIM Corel Oracle Sun Nokia Sybase Google HP Palm Adobe Macromedia ABN-AMRO Bank Access Company Limited Acuity Adobe Systems Inc. AGF. SI Agfa Division, Bayer Corp. Agile. Delta, Inc. Agile Software Agranat Systems, Inc. Alcatel Alsthom Recherche Alfa-Omega Foundation Aliaron, Inc. Alis Technologies, Inc. Allaire Corporation America Online, Inc. American Express AND Data Ltd AND-USA, Inc. APACS Aplix Corporation Apple Computer, Inc. Arbor. Text, Inc. Architecture Projects Management Ltd. Ardent Software, Inc. Arrow. Point Communications Art Technology Group Asymetrix Corporation AT&T Attachmate Corporation Autodesk, Inc. Back. Web Technologies, Inc. British Broadcasting Corporation BEA Systems, Inc. BELGACOM Bitstream, Inc. Bluestone Software The Boeing Company Bow Street, Inc. Bowne Internet Solutions University of Bristol British Telecommunications Laboratories Bull S. A. Calico Technology, Inc. Canal + Canal/Web Canon, Inc. Cap Gemini Innovation CCTA Center for Democracy and Technology Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI) Center for Telematics and Information Technology (CTIT) Centraal Corporation CERN China Times Interactive Co. , Ltd. Chunghwa Telecom Company, Ltd. Cisco Systems Ci. TEC CITIBANK, N. A. CNET - The Computer Network CNR--Instituto Elaborazione dell. Informazione CNRS Coalition for Networked Information COLLEGIS Research Institute Commerce One Commerce. Net Corel Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI) Council for the Central Laboratory of the Research Councils (CCL) Crystaliz, Inc. CSIRO Australia Cyber. Cash, Inc. Daewoo Electronics Company Data Channel Data Interchange Standards Association, Inc. (DISA) Data Research Associates, Inc. Datafusion, Inc. Datalogics, Incorporated Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts Deutsche Telekom - Online Service Gmb. H (T-Online) DFN Verein Digital Vision Laboratories Corporation Direct Marketing Association, Inc. Distributed Systems Technology Centre (DSTC Pty Ltd) Double. Click E-centre UK Eastman Kodak Company EC Cubed, Inc. École Nationale Supérieure d. Informatique et de Mathématiques Appliquées (ENSIMAG) University of Edinburgh (HCRC Language Technology Group) EEIG/ERCIM Electricité de France Electronic Network Consortium ENEL Engage Technologies Enigma ENN Corporation Entrust Technologies, Inc. Epicentric, Inc. Eprise Corporation ERICSSON Ernst & Young LLP ETNOTEAM S. p. A. EUnet International BV Excosoft Federal Geographic Data Committee Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory FIZ Karlsruhe (Fach. Informations. Zentrum) Forschungszentrum Informatik (FZI) Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) France Telecom Fraunhofer IGD Fretwell-Downing Data Systems Ltd. FSTC (Financial Services Technology Consortium) Fujitsu Limited Fulcrum Technologies, Inc. GE Information Services, Inc. GEMPLUS General Magic, Inc. GEO Interactive Media Group Ltd. George Washington University Geoworks Globe. ID Software GMD National Research Center for Information Technology Graphic Communications Association Grenoble Network Initiative Groove Networks, Inc. Groupe ESC Grenoble GTW Associates Harlequin Inc. Health Level Seven, Inc. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Helsinki Telephone Corporation Hewlett Packard Company Hitachi, Ltd. Hong Kong Jockey Club Hong Kong Productivity Council Hong Kong University of Science & Technology HTML Writers Guild, Inc. Hyperwave Information Management, Ges. m. b. H. IBERDROLA S. A. IBM Corporation IBM Taiwan Corporation IEEE Computer Society ILOG, S. A. IMALL IMG SRC, Inc. Industrial Technology Research Institute Infopartners Information Broadcasting Laboratories, Inc. (IB Labs) Infoteria, Inc. Innosoft International Inc. Inso Corporation, Providence Institut Franco-Russe A. M. Liapunov Intel Corporation Intelink Management Office (IMO) Interleaf, Inc. Intermind The International DOI Foundation International Integrated Systems, Inc. Internet Lawyers Conference (ILC) Interval Research Corporation Intraspect Software, Inc. i. Ready Corporation Jet. Form Joint Info. Systems Comm. of the UK Higher Ed. Funding Council Knowledge. Cite, Inc. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Lexmark International, Inc. Los Alamos National Laboratory Lotus Development Corporation Lucent Technologies Mac. Kichan Software, Inc. Macromedia Marimba, Inc. Match. Logic, Inc. Matra Hachette Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. , Ltd. (MEI) MBED Software Medical. Data Service Gmb. H Merrill Lynch Metropolitan Police Service Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation (MCC) Microsoft Corporation Microstar Software Ltd. Microsystems Software, Inc. Mind. Quake Interactive, Inc. MITRE Corporation Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Motorola MTA SZTAKI NASA Ames Research Center National Chiao Tung University National Security Agency (NSA) National University of Singapore NCompass Labs, Inc. NCR NEC Corporation NETAWAY Netscape Communications Net. Studio Corporation Network Computer, Inc. (NCI) Network Solutions University of New South Wales NHS (National Health Service, UK) Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Corp. (NTT) NOKIA Corporation Nortel Novell, Inc. NTT Data Corporation NTT Mobile Communications Network, Inc. (NTT Do. Co. Mo) OReilly & Associates, Inc. Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) Object Design Object Management Group, Inc. (OMG) Object Services and Consulting, Inc. OCLC (Online Computer Library Center, Inc. ) Omni. Mark Technologies Corporation ONION S. p. A. The Open Group Open Market, Inc. Open Software Associates, Inc. Open Text Corporation Oracle Corporation Pacific Softworks Paradigm Development Corporation Partners Health. Care System, Inc. Pencom Web Works Perspecta, Inc. Pervasive Software Philips Electronic N. V. Phoenix Technologies Ltd. Poet Software Corporation Point. Cast Incorporated Pretty Good Privacy, Inc. The Productivity Works, Inc. Qualcomm Inc. Quark, Inc. Rapid Logic, Inc. Raptor Systems, Inc. Real. Networks Reed Elsevier Reuters Limited Rivcom Riverland Holding NV/SA Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology Royal National Institute for the Blind (RNIB) S. W. I. F. T. sc SAIC/Bellcore Sandpiper Networks, Inc. SAP AG SBC Technology Resources Security Dynamics Technologies, Inc. Segue Software Sema Group Sharp Corporation SICS Sitara Networks, Inc. Snap Soft. Quad Software, Inc. Software AG Software Publishers Association (SPA) Sonnetech, Ltd. Sony Corporation University of Southampton Speech Works International, Inc. Spyglass, Inc. Sqribe Technologies Star. Burst Communications Strategic Interactive Group Stuart Mc. Intosh Sun Microsystems, Inc. surf. CONTROL SURFnet bv Swedish Institute for Systems Development (SISU) Sybase, Inc. Synth-Bank Tandem Computers, a division of Compaq Technische Universitat Graz Teknema Corporation Telecom Colombia Telecom Italia Texcel Group The Thomson Corporation TIAA-CREF TNO Multimedia and Telecommunications Toshiba Corporation Toyota Motor Corporation Trilogy Technologies, Inc. TRUSTe 2 Bridge Software UKERNA UNI. C United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Unwired Planet UWI. Com Veon, Inc. Veri. Sign, Inc. Verity, Inc. Victor Data Systems Co. , Ltd. Vignette Corporation Visio Corporation VTT Information Technology Wall Data Incorporated Waterloo Maple web. Methods, Inc. Web. TV Networks Inc. Win. Writers Wolfram Research, Inc. worldweb WWW - KR Xerox Corporation Xionics Document Technologies, Inc. Universal access, broad interoperability, rapid integration (mashups)

Not Quite XML is Everywhere ^ Motorola Intel Sony IBM Novell Mozilla AT&T Cisco Microsoft Sold! BEA Apache BEA Cisco RIM Corel Oracle Sun Nokia Sybase Google HP Palm Adobe Macromedia ABN-AMRO Bank Access Company Limited Acuity Adobe Systems Inc. AGF. SI Agfa Division, Bayer Corp. Agile. Delta, Inc. Agile Software Agranat Systems, Inc. Alcatel Alsthom Recherche Alfa-Omega Foundation Aliaron, Inc. Alis Technologies, Inc. Allaire Corporation America Online, Inc. American Express AND Data Ltd AND-USA, Inc. APACS Aplix Corporation Apple Computer, Inc. Arbor. Text, Inc. Architecture Projects Management Ltd. Ardent Software, Inc. Arrow. Point Communications Art Technology Group Asymetrix Corporation AT&T Attachmate Corporation Autodesk, Inc. Back. Web Technologies, Inc. British Broadcasting Corporation BEA Systems, Inc. BELGACOM Bitstream, Inc. Bluestone Software The Boeing Company Bow Street, Inc. Bowne Internet Solutions University of Bristol British Telecommunications Laboratories Bull S. A. Calico Technology, Inc. Canal + Canal/Web Canon, Inc. Cap Gemini Innovation CCTA Center for Democracy and Technology Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI) Center for Telematics and Information Technology (CTIT) Centraal Corporation CERN China Times Interactive Co. , Ltd. Chunghwa Telecom Company, Ltd. Cisco Systems Ci. TEC CITIBANK, N. A. CNET - The Computer Network CNR--Instituto Elaborazione dell. Informazione CNRS Coalition for Networked Information COLLEGIS Research Institute Commerce One Commerce. Net Corel Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI) Council for the Central Laboratory of the Research Councils (CCL) Crystaliz, Inc. CSIRO Australia Cyber. Cash, Inc. Daewoo Electronics Company Data Channel Data Interchange Standards Association, Inc. (DISA) Data Research Associates, Inc. Datafusion, Inc. Datalogics, Incorporated Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts Deutsche Telekom - Online Service Gmb. H (T-Online) DFN Verein Digital Vision Laboratories Corporation Direct Marketing Association, Inc. Distributed Systems Technology Centre (DSTC Pty Ltd) Double. Click E-centre UK Eastman Kodak Company EC Cubed, Inc. École Nationale Supérieure d. Informatique et de Mathématiques Appliquées (ENSIMAG) University of Edinburgh (HCRC Language Technology Group) EEIG/ERCIM Electricité de France Electronic Network Consortium ENEL Engage Technologies Enigma ENN Corporation Entrust Technologies, Inc. Epicentric, Inc. Eprise Corporation ERICSSON Ernst & Young LLP ETNOTEAM S. p. A. EUnet International BV Excosoft Federal Geographic Data Committee Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory FIZ Karlsruhe (Fach. Informations. Zentrum) Forschungszentrum Informatik (FZI) Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) France Telecom Fraunhofer IGD Fretwell-Downing Data Systems Ltd. FSTC (Financial Services Technology Consortium) Fujitsu Limited Fulcrum Technologies, Inc. GE Information Services, Inc. GEMPLUS General Magic, Inc. GEO Interactive Media Group Ltd. George Washington University Geoworks Globe. ID Software GMD National Research Center for Information Technology Graphic Communications Association Grenoble Network Initiative Groove Networks, Inc. Groupe ESC Grenoble GTW Associates Harlequin Inc. Health Level Seven, Inc. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Helsinki Telephone Corporation Hewlett Packard Company Hitachi, Ltd. Hong Kong Jockey Club Hong Kong Productivity Council Hong Kong University of Science & Technology HTML Writers Guild, Inc. Hyperwave Information Management, Ges. m. b. H. IBERDROLA S. A. IBM Corporation IBM Taiwan Corporation IEEE Computer Society ILOG, S. A. IMALL IMG SRC, Inc. Industrial Technology Research Institute Infopartners Information Broadcasting Laboratories, Inc. (IB Labs) Infoteria, Inc. Innosoft International Inc. Inso Corporation, Providence Institut Franco-Russe A. M. Liapunov Intel Corporation Intelink Management Office (IMO) Interleaf, Inc. Intermind The International DOI Foundation International Integrated Systems, Inc. Internet Lawyers Conference (ILC) Interval Research Corporation Intraspect Software, Inc. i. Ready Corporation Jet. Form Joint Info. Systems Comm. of the UK Higher Ed. Funding Council Knowledge. Cite, Inc. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Lexmark International, Inc. Los Alamos National Laboratory Lotus Development Corporation Lucent Technologies Mac. Kichan Software, Inc. Macromedia Marimba, Inc. Match. Logic, Inc. Matra Hachette Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. , Ltd. (MEI) MBED Software Medical. Data Service Gmb. H Merrill Lynch Metropolitan Police Service Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation (MCC) Microsoft Corporation Microstar Software Ltd. Microsystems Software, Inc. Sold! Mind. Quake Interactive, Inc. MITRE Corporation Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Motorola MTA SZTAKI NASA Ames Research Center National Chiao Tung University National Security Agency (NSA) National University of Singapore NCompass Labs, Inc. NCR NEC Corporation NETAWAY Netscape Communications Net. Studio Corporation Network Computer, Inc. (NCI) Network Solutions University of New South Wales NHS (National Health Service, UK) Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Corp. (NTT) NOKIA Corporation Nortel Novell, Inc. NTT Data Corporation NTT Mobile Communications Network, Inc. (NTT Do. Co. Mo) OReilly & Associates, Inc. Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) Object Design Object Management Group, Inc. (OMG) Object Services and Consulting, Inc. OCLC (Online Computer Library Center, Inc. ) Omni. Mark Technologies Corporation ONION S. p. A. The Open Group Open Market, Inc. Open Software Associates, Inc. Open Text Corporation Oracle Corporation Pacific Softworks Paradigm Development Corporation Partners Health. Care System, Inc. Pencom Web Works Perspecta, Inc. Pervasive Software Philips Electronic N. V. Phoenix Technologies Ltd. Poet Software Corporation Point. Cast Incorporated Pretty Good Privacy, Inc. The Productivity Works, Inc. Qualcomm Inc. Quark, Inc. Rapid Logic, Inc. Raptor Systems, Inc. Real. Networks Reed Elsevier Reuters Limited Rivcom Riverland Holding NV/SA Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology Royal National Institute for the Blind (RNIB) S. W. I. F. T. sc SAIC/Bellcore Sandpiper Networks, Inc. SAP AG SBC Technology Resources Security Dynamics Technologies, Inc. Segue Software Sema Group Sharp Corporation SICS Sitara Networks, Inc. Snap Soft. Quad Software, Inc. Software AG Software Publishers Association (SPA) Sonnetech, Ltd. Sony Corporation University of Southampton Speech Works International, Inc. Spyglass, Inc. Sqribe Technologies Star. Burst Communications Strategic Interactive Group Stuart Mc. Intosh Sun Microsystems, Inc. surf. CONTROL SURFnet bv Swedish Institute for Systems Development (SISU) Sybase, Inc. Synth-Bank Tandem Computers, a division of Compaq Technische Universitat Graz Teknema Corporation Telecom Colombia Telecom Italia Texcel Group The Thomson Corporation TIAA-CREF TNO Multimedia and Telecommunications Toshiba Corporation Toyota Motor Corporation Trilogy Technologies, Inc. TRUSTe 2 Bridge Software UKERNA UNI. C United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Unwired Planet UWI. Com Veon, Inc. Veri. Sign, Inc. Verity, Inc. Victor Data Systems Co. , Ltd. Vignette Corporation Visio Corporation VTT Information Technology Wall Data Incorporated Waterloo Maple web. Methods, Inc. Web. TV Networks Inc. Win. Writers Wolfram Research, Inc. worldweb WWW - KR Xerox Corporation Xionics Document Technologies, Inc. Benefits of XML are not available where efficiency is critical

Not Quite XML is Everywhere ^ XEBU Efficient XML Motorola CBXML Intel Sony XEUS IBM WCF Binary Millau Novell Mozilla AT&T Fast Infoset Cisco Microsoft FXDI Sold! XML Apache ASN. 1 BEA Cisco RIM BEA Corel XBIS CMF-B Oracle Sun Nokia Sybase BX Google Bi. M XML-VMF HP XMill es. XML XSBC Palm Adobe Macromedia ABN-AMRO Bank Access Company Limited Acuity Adobe Systems Inc. AGF. SI Agfa Division, Bayer Corp. Agile. Delta, Inc. Agile Software Agranat Systems, Inc. Alcatel Alsthom Recherche Alfa-Omega Foundation Aliaron, Inc. Alis Technologies, Inc. Allaire Corporation America Online, Inc. American Express AND Data Ltd AND-USA, Inc. APACS Aplix Corporation Apple Computer, Inc. Arbor. Text, Inc. Architecture Projects Management Ltd. Ardent Software, Inc. Arrow. Point Communications Art Technology Group Asymetrix Corporation AT&T Attachmate Corporation Autodesk, Inc. Back. Web Technologies, Inc. British Broadcasting Corporation BEA Systems, Inc. BELGACOM Bitstream, Inc. Bluestone Software The Boeing Company Bow Street, Inc. Bowne Internet Solutions University of Bristol British Telecommunications Laboratories Bull S. A. Calico Technology, Inc. Canal + Canal/Web Canon, Inc. Cap Gemini Innovation CCTA Center for Democracy and Technology Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI) Center for Telematics and Information Technology (CTIT) Centraal Corporation CERN China Times Interactive Co. , Ltd. Chunghwa Telecom Company, Ltd. Cisco Systems Ci. TEC CITIBANK, N. A. CNET - The Computer Network CNR--Instituto Elaborazione dell. Informazione CNRS Coalition for Networked Information COLLEGIS Research Institute Commerce One Commerce. Net WBXML Corel Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI) Council for the Central Laboratory of the Research Councils (CCL) Crystaliz, Inc. CSIRO Australia Cyber. Cash, Inc. Daewoo Electronics Company Data Channel Data Interchange Standards Association, Inc. (DISA) Data Research Associates, Inc. Datafusion, Inc. Datalogics, Incorporated Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts Deutsche Telekom - Online Service Gmb. H (T-Online) DFN Verein Digital Vision Laboratories Corporation Direct Marketing Association, Inc. Distributed Systems Technology Centre (DSTC Pty Ltd) Double. Click E-centre UK Eastman Kodak Company EC Cubed, Inc. École Nationale Supérieure d. Informatique et de Mathématiques Appliquées (ENSIMAG) University of Edinburgh (HCRC Language Technology Group) EEIG/ERCIM Electricité de France Electronic Network Consortium ENEL Engage Technologies Enigma ENN Corporation Entrust Technologies, Inc. Epicentric, Inc. Eprise Corporation ERICSSON Ernst & Young LLP ETNOTEAM S. p. A. EUnet International BV Excosoft Federal Geographic Data Committee Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory FIZ Karlsruhe (Fach. Informations. Zentrum) Forschungszentrum Informatik (FZI) Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) France Telecom Fraunhofer IGD Fretwell-Downing Data Systems Ltd. FSTC (Financial Services Technology Consortium) Fujitsu Limited Fulcrum Technologies, Inc. GE Information Services, Inc. GEMPLUS General Magic, Inc. GEO Interactive Media Group Ltd. George Washington University Geoworks Globe. ID Software GMD National Research Center for Information Technology Graphic Communications Association Grenoble Network Initiative Groove Networks, Inc. Groupe ESC Grenoble GTW Associates Harlequin Inc. Health Level Seven, Inc. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Helsinki Telephone Corporation Hewlett Packard Company Hitachi, Ltd. Hong Kong Jockey Club Hong Kong Productivity Council Hong Kong University of Science & Technology HTML Writers Guild, Inc. Hyperwave Information Management, Ges. m. b. H. IBERDROLA S. A. IBM Corporation IBM Taiwan Corporation IEEE Computer Society ILOG, S. A. IMALL IMG SRC, Inc. Industrial Technology Research Institute Infopartners Information Broadcasting Laboratories, Inc. (IB Labs) Infoteria, Inc. Innosoft International Inc. Inso Corporation, Providence Institut Franco-Russe A. M. Liapunov Intel Corporation Intelink Management Office (IMO) Interleaf, Inc. Intermind The International DOI Foundation International Integrated Systems, Inc. Internet Lawyers Conference (ILC) Interval Research Corporation Intraspect Software, Inc. i. Ready Corporation Jet. Form Joint Info. Systems Comm. of the UK Higher Ed. Funding Council Knowledge. Cite, Inc. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Lexmark International, Inc. Los Alamos National Laboratory Lotus Development Corporation Lucent Technologies Mac. Kichan Software, Inc. Macromedia Marimba, Inc. Match. Logic, Inc. Matra Hachette Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. , Ltd. (MEI) MBED Software Medical. Data Service Gmb. H Merrill Lynch Metropolitan Police Service Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation (MCC) Microsoft Corporation Microstar Software Ltd. Microsystems Software, Inc. Sold! Mind. Quake Interactive, Inc. MITRE Corporation Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Motorola MTA SZTAKI NASA Ames Research Center National Chiao Tung University National Security Agency (NSA) National University of Singapore NCompass Labs, Inc. NCR NEC Corporation NETAWAY Netscape Communications Net. Studio Corporation Network Computer, Inc. (NCI) Network Solutions University of New South Wales NHS (National Health Service, UK) Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Corp. (NTT) NOKIA Corporation Nortel Novell, Inc. NTT Data Corporation NTT Mobile Communications Network, Inc. (NTT Do. Co. Mo) OReilly & Associates, Inc. Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) Object Design Object Management Group, Inc. (OMG) Object Services and Consulting, Inc. OCLC (Online Computer Library Center, Inc. ) Omni. Mark Technologies Corporation ONION S. p. A. The Open Group Open Market, Inc. Open Software Associates, Inc. Open Text Corporation Oracle Corporation Pacific Softworks Paradigm Development Corporation Partners Health. Care System, Inc. Pencom Web Works Perspecta, Inc. Pervasive Software Philips Electronic N. V. Phoenix Technologies Ltd. Poet Software Corporation Point. Cast Incorporated Pretty Good Privacy, Inc. The Productivity Works, Inc. Qualcomm Inc. Quark, Inc. Rapid Logic, Inc. Raptor Systems, Inc. Real. Networks Reed Elsevier Reuters Limited Rivcom Riverland Holding NV/SA Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology Royal National Institute for the Blind (RNIB) S. W. I. F. T. sc SAIC/Bellcore Sandpiper Networks, Inc. SAP AG SBC Technology Resources Security Dynamics Technologies, Inc. Segue Software Sema Group Sharp Corporation SICS Sitara Networks, Inc. Snap Soft. Quad Software, Inc. Software AG Software Publishers Association (SPA) Sonnetech, Ltd. Sony Corporation University of Southampton Speech Works International, Inc. Spyglass, Inc. Sqribe Technologies Star. Burst Communications Strategic Interactive Group Stuart Mc. Intosh Sun Microsystems, Inc. surf. CONTROL SURFnet bv Swedish Institute for Systems Development (SISU) Sybase, Inc. Synth-Bank Tandem Computers, a division of Compaq Technische Universitat Graz Teknema Corporation Telecom Colombia Telecom Italia Texcel Group The Thomson Corporation TIAA-CREF TNO Multimedia and Telecommunications Toshiba Corporation Toyota Motor Corporation Trilogy Technologies, Inc. TRUSTe 2 Bridge Software UKERNA UNI. C United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Unwired Planet UWI. Com Veon, Inc. Veri. Sign, Inc. Verity, Inc. Victor Data Systems Co. , Ltd. Vignette Corporation Visio Corporation VTT Information Technology Wall Data Incorporated Waterloo Maple web. Methods, Inc. Web. TV Networks Inc. Win. Writers Wolfram Research, Inc. worldweb WWW - KR Xerox Corporation Xionics Document Technologies, Inc. Then … there more binary XML formats than use cases!

Not Quite XML is Everywhere ^ Motorola EXI Intel Sony IBM EXI Novell Mozilla AT&T Cisco Microsoft Sold! XML Apache BEA EXI Cisco RIM BEA Corel EXI Oracle Sun Nokia Sybase Google HP EXI Palm Adobe Macromedia ABN-AMRO Bank Access Company Limited Acuity Adobe Systems Inc. AGF. SI Agfa Division, Bayer Corp. Agile. Delta, Inc. Agile Software Agranat Systems, Inc. Alcatel Alsthom Recherche Alfa-Omega Foundation Aliaron, Inc. Alis Technologies, Inc. Allaire Corporation America Online, Inc. American Express AND Data Ltd AND-USA, Inc. APACS Aplix Corporation Apple Computer, Inc. Arbor. Text, Inc. Architecture Projects Management Ltd. Ardent Software, Inc. Arrow. Point Communications Art Technology Group Asymetrix Corporation AT&T Attachmate Corporation Autodesk, Inc. Back. Web Technologies, Inc. British Broadcasting Corporation BEA Systems, Inc. BELGACOM Bitstream, Inc. Bluestone Software The Boeing Company Bow Street, Inc. Bowne Internet Solutions University of Bristol British Telecommunications Laboratories Bull S. A. Calico Technology, Inc. Canal + Canal/Web Canon, Inc. Cap Gemini Innovation CCTA Center for Democracy and Technology Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI) Center for Telematics and Information Technology (CTIT) Centraal Corporation CERN China Times Interactive Co. , Ltd. Chunghwa Telecom Company, Ltd. Cisco Systems Ci. TEC CITIBANK, N. A. CNET - The Computer Network CNR--Instituto Elaborazione dell. Informazione CNRS Coalition for Networked Information COLLEGIS Research Institute Commerce One Commerce. Net Corel Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI) Council for the Central Laboratory of the Research Councils (CCL) Crystaliz, Inc. CSIRO Australia Cyber. Cash, Inc. Daewoo Electronics Company Data Channel Data Interchange Standards Association, Inc. (DISA) Data Research Associates, Inc. Datafusion, Inc. Datalogics, Incorporated Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts Deutsche Telekom - Online Service Gmb. H (T-Online) DFN Verein Digital Vision Laboratories Corporation Direct Marketing Association, Inc. Distributed Systems Technology Centre (DSTC Pty Ltd) Double. Click E-centre UK Eastman Kodak Company EC Cubed, Inc. École Nationale Supérieure d. Informatique et de Mathématiques Appliquées (ENSIMAG) University of Edinburgh (HCRC Language Technology Group) EEIG/ERCIM Electricité de France Electronic Network Consortium ENEL Engage Technologies Enigma ENN Corporation Entrust Technologies, Inc. Epicentric, Inc. Eprise Corporation ERICSSON Ernst & Young LLP ETNOTEAM S. p. A. EUnet International BV Excosoft Federal Geographic Data Committee Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory FIZ Karlsruhe (Fach. Informations. Zentrum) Forschungszentrum Informatik (FZI) Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) France Telecom Fraunhofer IGD Fretwell-Downing Data Systems Ltd. FSTC (Financial Services Technology Consortium) Fujitsu Limited Fulcrum Technologies, Inc. GE Information Services, Inc. GEMPLUS General Magic, Inc. GEO Interactive Media Group Ltd. George Washington University Geoworks Globe. ID Software GMD National Research Center for Information Technology Graphic Communications Association Grenoble Network Initiative Groove Networks, Inc. Groupe ESC Grenoble GTW Associates Harlequin Inc. Health Level Seven, Inc. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Helsinki Telephone Corporation Hewlett Packard Company Hitachi, Ltd. Hong Kong Jockey Club Hong Kong Productivity Council Hong Kong University of Science & Technology HTML Writers Guild, Inc. Hyperwave Information Management, Ges. m. b. H. IBERDROLA S. A. IBM Corporation IBM Taiwan Corporation IEEE Computer Society ILOG, S. A. IMALL IMG SRC, Inc. 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Writers Wolfram Research, Inc. worldweb WWW - KR Xerox Corporation Xionics Document Technologies, Inc. What if … there was one that worked well for everyone?

W 3 C EXI Benchmarks W 3 C brought all the experts together … 9 months and 147 pages of analysis later … We found ONE!

W 3 C EXI Benchmarks

A New Approach to Data Optimization Information Theory EXI Formal Language Theory EXI a new breed of technology that unifies concepts from formal language theory and information theory 10

Achieves New Levels of Performance • A quantum leap in XML bandwidth optimization • Simultaneously optimizes: • • Network bandwidth, throughput and scalability Server scalability, throughput and CPU utilization Device battery life, storage, heat and responsiveness Data center power consumption, heat, bandwidth • Requires no special hardware or proprietary interfaces 369 33680 1% 11

Consistently Beats Compression

Consistently Beats Packed Binary Formats

Real-world Timing Example Time to transmit airspace geometries (1. 1 MB) from ground-control to aircraft over airborne network 0: 01 With EXI 2: 23 Without EXI Click to start transfer speed comparison Click to stop transfer speed comparison 14

Real-world Network Utilization Example Far less Network Traffic (1%) for a much Shorter Duration 15

EXI It has legs!!!

Backup Slides “POWER TO THE EDGE” 17

FAQ “POWER TO THE EDGE” 18

FAQ Data Compress XML Decompress Compressed XML XML API How much overhead does Efficient XML introduce? Data Efficient XML event stream XML API Traditional compression adds processing overhead for compression/decompression Data Efficient XML event streams are read/written directly via standard XML APIs 19

FAQ How much overhead does Efficient XML introduce? • It depends on your implementation • Efficient XML 1. 0 was a little slower than gzipped XML • Efficient XML 2. 0 was sometimes slower, sometimes faster than XML • Efficient XML 3. 0 was up to 90 x faster than XML • So, with a fast implementation, it can actually decrease overhead Efficient XML 3. 0 Processing Speed Examples 48 x faster! 7 x faster! 30 x faster! 20

FAQ Will Efficient XML break compatibility with plain-old-XML? • No • Efficient XML 3. 0 detects and uses EXI when available and automatically falls-back to XML otherwise • Clients that don’t support EXI never receive it I support XML and EXI Server Client I’m sending you EXI I support XML Client I’m sending you XML 21

FAQ Do I have to change my code to use Efficient XML? No. • Efficient XML plug-ins add EXI natively to web service platforms • Efficient XML proxies (HTTP, TCP and UDP) add EXI to existing applications Web service code Efficient XML integration kits plug-in transparently Web Service Client XML or EXI WS Integration Kit XML Binding API Web Service XML Binding API • Client code Integration using Efficient XML Integration Kits requires no code modifications 22

FAQ Can I view EXI with standard XML tools? • Yes. With appropriate plug-ins and converters. XML in Internet Explorer Efficient XML in Internet Explorer This kind of transparency and tool support makes testing, debugging and using EXI far easier than other binary formats 23

FAQ Does Efficient XML work with XML Security? • Yes. Unlike most XML optimization technologies, Efficient XML was designed to work with existing XML Security standards and libraries, including XML Digital Signatures and XML Encryption. • Agile. Delta also provides Efficient XML Digital Signature and Efficient XML Encryption products that leverage Efficient XML to eliminate well-known XML Security processing bottlenecks and increase the bandwidth efficiency of XML Security protocols. 24

Efficiency “POWER TO THE EDGE” 25

What do we Mean by Efficiency? • Dictionary definition: • • • Acting or producing effectively with a minimum of waste, expense, or unnecessary effort. Exhibiting a high ratio of output [results] to input [resources] Mathematical definition: Efficiency = • • • Results Resources Results include web pages, web service calls, messages, etc. Resources include bandwidth, processor cycles, memory (code, data and heap limits), battery life, disk space, etc. So, for example, system A is more efficient than system B if • • • A produces the same result as B using fewer resources A produces more results than B using the same resources A produces more results than B using fewer resources 26

Why Worry About Efficiency? • Resources cost money • Bandwidth, processor power, memory (code, data and heap), battery life, disk space, etc. • Less resources == better cost / performance ratio == lower prices and/or more profit • Many systems don’t have resources to spare • Cost sensitive, mass market devices: mobile handsets, set-top boxes, consumer electronics, game consoles, automobiles, etc. • Physical constraints: battery life, size, weight, heat, etc. • Less resources == cheaper, smaller, lighter, cooler, etc. • Faster & more scalable without more hardware 27

The Value of Efficiency Smartcard 1 mhz Surveillance Satellite 100 mhz 1 ghz 10 ghz Reduced Processing Power 10 mhz Mobile handset Network audio device Smart dust Sensor-nets UAV PDA Commercial vehicle Game console Military vehicle Smartphone DVR Solder Tactical aircraft Broadband home Military C 2 aircraft Dial-up home Submarine Military vessel Corp HQ 100 ghz Reduced Bandwidth Corp data center 1 thz 10 gbps 100 mbps 100 kbps 10 kbps Value of efficiency increases as available bandwidth and processing power decrease 1 kbps 28

New applications, new markets, new customers better awareness better decisions The Value of Efficiency Smartcard 1 mhz Surveillance Satellite 100 mhz 1 ghz 10 ghz Reduced Processing Power 10 mhz Mobile handset Network audio device Sensor-nets UAV PDA Commercial vehicle Game console Better cost / performance for existing customers and applications Smart dust Military vehicle Smartphone DVR Solder Tactical aircraft Broadband home Military C 2 aircraft Dial-up home Submarine Military vessel Corp HQ 100 ghz Reduced Bandwidth Corp data center 1 thz 10 gbps 100 mbps 100 kbps 10 kbps Benefits of efficiency are widely applicable, but unevenly distributed 1 kbps 29

Battery, size, cost, heat and bandwidth constrained The Value of Efficiency Smartcard 1 mhz Surveillance Satellite 100 mhz 1 ghz 10 ghz Reduced Processing Power 10 mhz Mobile handset Network audio device Sensor-nets UAV PDA Commercial vehicle Game console Moore’s law Amdahl’s law XML hardware Smart dust Military vehicle Smartphone DVR Solder Tactical aircraft Broadband home Military C 2 aircraft Dial-up home Submarine Military vessel Corp HQ 100 ghz Reduced Bandwidth Corp data center 1 thz 10 gbps 100 mbps 100 kbps 10 kbps Battery, bandwidth, size, cost and other constraints will widen the value gap 1 kbps 30

Theoretical Basis for Efficient XML • Information theory (1948: Claude Shannon) • Provides formalisms for defining theoretic optimal encoding • Defines one bit as amount of data required to differentiate between two equally likely alternatives • Tells us log 2(1 / p 1) bits required for data with probability p 1 • Data probabilities are a function of our knowledge of the data • More knowledge == fewer bits • Knowledge about data can be gathered: • Dynamically via data analysis • Statically e. g. via schemas • Schemas define what is likely to occur, not the entire universe of discourse!

Efficient XML Approach • Generalized Algorithm • Use a grammar to determine the language constructs (not characters) most likely to occur at any given point in the stream • Assign variable-length codes to represent most likely language constructs in fewer bits • Concept works for any regular language that can be described by a grammar (e. g. , XML, HTTP, CORBA IDL, Java, …) • Efficient XML is specialized for XML • • • Built-in knowledge of XML grammar Built-in knowledge of XML data types Can augment grammar and type knowledge using schemas Refines grammar knowledge based on experience Does not require accurate, complete or current schemas (schemas describe things that are likely to occur) 32