EET 422 EMC COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING Prof R

EET 422 EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING 1

Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING 2

The Low Voltage Directive (LVD) 73/23/EEC adopted on 19 th February 1973 based on article 95 of the EC Treaty purpose free EUROPEAN movement of electrical equipment Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING 3

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EUROPEAN MILESTONES v 1973 Low Voltage Directive Ø Harmonised standards Ø Notified Bodies v 1980 Standardisation a useful tool for legislators v 1985 The New Approach v 1989 Global Approach and CE v 2006 NEW APPROACH LVD Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING 5

1972 European Communities Act 19/Feb/1973 73/23/EEC Low Voltage Directive ratified 1974 Health & Safety at Work Act May/1985 New Approach to Technical Harmonisation and Standards agreed to achieve free movement of goods in Europe resulting in New Approach Directives that set out in general terms EHSR. European standards fill in the detail for ‘EHSR’ 1987 Consumer Protection Act 1989 Low Voltage Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations 1989 22/July/1993 93/68/EEC CE Marking Directive adopted 1994 Electrical Equipment (Safety )Regulations 1994 9/Jan/1995 transition period for the 1994 Regulations starts 1/Jan/1997 LVD compliance mandatory 12/Dec/2006/95/EC NEW LVD Prof R T Kennedy probably the first EN Harmonised Directive but as it did not include CE marking is regarded as an 'Old Approach Directive' introduced as set of Harmonised rules re CE marking replaces the 1989 Regulations and implements into UK Law the modified Low Voltage Directive clarifying Machinery Directive interaction EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING 6

VOLTAGE LIMITS • AC 50 V 1000 V • DC 75 V 1500 V LOW VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING 7

SAFETY HAZARDS SOURCE SOLUTION Electric Shock § exposed parts § accessible parts § insulation failure § insulation § physical barrier Energy Hazards § batteries § large capacitors § levels >240 VA § insulation § barriers Fire § hot components § flammable materials § over current protection § temperature limitation § choice of materials Radiation § design for safety Mechanical Hazards Chemical Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING 8

Market Surveillance in Europe metal lampholder lack of insulation shock risk Prof R T Kennedy Technical Investigations • visual inspection • request DOC • testing by Test House EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING 9

LVD SCOPE Øconformity assessment procedure for equipment prior to being placed on the market ØEssential Health and Safety Requirements (EHSRs) directly or by means of Harmonised Standards Ørelationship to other Directives Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING 10

ROUTES to COMPLIANCE MANUFACTURERS • apply Harmonised Standards HARMONISED STANDARDS ARE NOT MANDATORY • apply their own technical specifications Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING 11

ROUTES to COMPLIANCE MANUFACTURERS or REPRESENTATIVE must provide technical documentation (defined in the Directive) to assess compliance a Declaration of Conformity a declaration that the product satisfies the requirements of all relevant Directives reference to relevant Directives and Harmonised Standards reference to the NOTIFIED BODY if applicable Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING 12

DECLARATION of CONFORMITY EC declaration of conformity all relevant information § reference to relevant directives § manufacturer or authorised representative identification § product identification description design manufacture § procedures to ensure conformity Notified Body (if applicable) reference to harmonised standards or normative documents § date of issue of the declaration Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING 13

DOCUMENTATION • • • general description of the electrical equipment design and manufacture drawings diagrams: components subassemblies circuits drawings and diagrams plus the operation of the electrical equipment descriptions and explanations list of the standards used description of the solutions employed when standards have not been applied design calculation results checks carried out manufacturer or a third party test reports Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING 14

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LVD MAIN CHARACTERISTICS Total Safety Approach lower/upper voltage limits universal scope except basic components no 3 rd party involvement declaration of conformity does not accompany the product based on International Standards EN IEC NATIONAL Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING 16

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European Liability Directive 1999/34/EC Certification Bodies Enforced by the member states NO Liability MANUFACTURERS AWAYS LIABLE Regulations and jurisdiction in all other countries Additional National Regulations Prof R T Kennedy EMC & COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING 19