ECC Discussion European Port Costs John Tercek September

ECC Discussion European Port Costs John Tercek September, 2010

Overview of Presentation • Industry Outlook: New ship construction • Survey of Operating Costs for a Panamax Ship on a Transit Call (not a Homeport) (Celebrity Millennium Class; 90, 000 GRT; 2, 000 Pax) • Northern Europe-Baltic • Eastern Mediterranean • Western Mediterranean • Observations

Port Demand: Growing Fleet of Ships, Expanding Operating Theaters • Current world fleet 250+ ships built since 1980 • 30 ships under construction for delivery thru 2012. • Few ships are retired; most cruise ships ever built are still sailing; every ship stops in at least four ports weekly plus a homeport. • Over 50, 000 port calls annually, increasing +/2, 500 additional calls annually with new builds

Cruise Industry World Deployment 2010 • Operating Theater % Capacity million bed days • • Caribbean Mediterranean Asia/Australia/India Baltic & UK Mexico Pacific/Hawaii Alaska South America Bermuda/New England 35% 25% 10% 9% 6% 6% 5% 3% 40. 9 29. 5 11. 8 10. 1 7. 2 5. 5 3. 1

Port Operators • Northern Europe almost exclusively government or “quasi government” owned and operated cruise port facilities, “Port Authorities” including Scandinavian, German, Baltic, Benelux and UK ports. • Southern Europe still predominantly government operated ports, (Port Authorities) with gradual privatization (or “quasi privatization”) • (“Quasi” means PA still owns significant %, or shareholders include Airport Authority, Chamber of Commerce, etc. ) • Some “privatized” European cruise ports (or cruise operating concessions) include: – Malaga, Barcelona, Marseille, Valletta, Savona, Livorno, Civitavecchia, Napoli, Venice, Ravenna, & (St Petersburg, Tunis, Kusadasi)

Typical Port Costs Categories & Payees • • • • Basic “Head Tax” per passenger charge- Terminal Operator (TO) Harbor Dues per GRT- to Port Authority (PA) Dockage Fees per Length Overall- PA or TO Light/Anchorage Dues- sometimes an annual fee per each ship. PA Lines Fees- paid to stevedores for tying up the ship- TO Tug Boat Fees- per GRT, rarely compulsory today- direct fee (D) Pilots Fees- World’s most powerful local monopoly- direct fee (D) Security Fees per passenger (ISPN add-on)- TO Customs Fees- Federal Government (FG) Luggage Movement- stevedores- per passenger charge Miscellaneous Government taxes and fees (FG) Service expenses to suppliers: Agency Fees, Garbage Take Off, Water Supply, Tender Operations

Typical Port Costs Categories & PAYORS • Basic “Head Tax” per passenger - Individual Customer (Ind Cust) • Harbor Dues per GRT- Cruise Company Maritime Operating Expense (Cruise CO) • Dockage Fees per Length Overall- Cruise CO • Light/Anchorage Dues- Cruise CO • Lines Fees- paid to stevedores- Cruise CO • Tug Boat Fees- per GRT, Cruise CO • Pilots Fees- Cruise CO • Security Fees per passenger- Indv Cust • Customs Fees- Indv Cust • Luggage Movement- stevedores- Indv Cust • Miscellaneous Government taxes and fees Cruise CO & Indv Cust • Service expenses to suppliers: Cruise Co • Agency Fees, Garbage Take Off, Water Supply, Tender Operations

Typical Port Charges to Each Individual Customer • • • Basic “Head Tax” per passenger - Individual Customer (Ind Cust) Security Fees per passenger- Indv Customs Fees- Indv Cust Luggage Movement- stevedores- Indv Cust Miscellaneous Government taxes and fees Cruise CO & Indv Cust • Cruise Lines generally wrap these items into a category of: “Non-Commissionable Government Taxes & Fees” An add-on to the cruise ticket price. Example: 7 day Med Cruise out of Barcelona Ticket: Non-commissionable Govt Taxes & Fees Total Ticket Cost E 799 E 65 E 864

EUROPEAN Transit Call Head Tax Tariffs 2010 • • • • MED PORTS Barcelona Toulon Villefranche Livorno Civitavecchia Naples Ajaccio Malta Messina Venice Athens Santorini 4, 35€ 1, 50€ 4, 68€ 4, 73€ 4, 90€ 2, 38€ 3, 08€ 5, 98€ 1, 14€ 5, 93€ 0, 92€ 0, 40€ BALTIC PORTS Bergen 2, 88€ Warnemunde 5, 26€ Helsinki 0€ Stockholm 3, 03€ Tallinn 1, 72€ Oslo 2, 50€ Amsterdam 5, 80€ Copenhagen 1, 50€ Brugges 1, 02€

Northern European Port Call Costs Bergen, Norway Helsinki, Finland Stockholm, Sweden Oslo, Norway Copenhagen, Denmark Amsterdam, Holland Warnemunde, Germany Brugges, Belgium Tallinn, Estonia

Northern European Port Call Costs: Millennium (Panamax) Ship (90, 000 GRT, 2, 000 pax) Port of Call Bergen, Norway Warnemun de, Germany Head Tax Transit Call Dockage Fees & Security Fees Harbor Dues & Govt Fees 5. 770€ 7. 250€ Light Dues Anchorage, Navigation, Lines, Dues Pilots Fees Tugs Total Fees per Call 2. 270€ 14. 420€ 29. 710€ 10. 530€ 7. 690€ 10. 200€ 2. 070€ 5. 600€ 36. 080€ 2. 080€ 6. 110€ 41. 110€ 3. 460€ 52. 760€ 19. 980€ 19. 440€ 8. 680€ 54. 180€ 3. 540€ 5. 560€ 18. 730€ Helsinki, Finland Stockholm , Sweden 6. 080€ Tallinn, Estonia 3. 450€ 6. 180€

Northern European Port Call Costs: Millennium (Panamax) Ship (90, 000 GRT, 2, 000 pax) Port of Call Oslo, Norway Head Tax Transit Call Dockage Fees & Security Fees 4. 990€ Harbor Dues & Govt Fees Light Dues Anchorage, Navigation, Lines, Dues Pilots Fees Tugs Total Fees per Call 5. 490€ 1. 920€ 33. 000€ 45. 400€ Amsterdam, Holland 11. 620€ 2. 010€ 8. 090€ 4. 020€ 4. 650€ 30. 370€ Copenhagen Denmark 2. 960€ 350€ 37. 650€ 1. 870€ 2. 100€ 44. 930€ Brugges, Belgium 2. 040€ 16. 750€ 1. 110€ 6. 590€ 26. 490€ AVERAGE of 9 Northern ports 5. 222€ 11. 555€ 8. 440€ 9. 330€ 37. 250€ 2. 555€

Pilots Charges !! • Oslo: E 33, 000 per call. Even if the pilot stayed on the ship for the entire 9 hour visit (which he doesn’t), if he works only the summer cruise season of about 100 days, that works out to E 3, 000 for the season! • Northern Europe average daily pilot fee is E 9, 300, or nearly E 1, 000 for a 100 day season.

Western Mediterranean Port Call Costs Venice, Italy Livorno, Italy Villefranche, France Toulon, France Civitavecchia, Italy Ajaccio, Corsica Barcelona, Spain Lisbon, Portugal Naples, Italy Messina, Italy Valletta, Malta

Western Mediterranean Port Call Costs: Millennium (Panamax) Ship (90, 000 GRT, 2, 000 pax) Port of Call Head Tax Transit Call Dockage Fees & Security Fees Harbor Dues & Govt Fees Light Dues Anchorage, Navigation, Lines, Dues Pilots Fees Barcelona 8. 690€ 6. 790€ 2. 270€ 2. 140€ Toulon 3. 000€ 2. 890€ 5. 080€ 2. 380€ 5. 050€ Villefranche 9. 370€ Civitavecchia 9. 180€ Naples 4. 770€ Tugs Total Fees per Call 19. 980€ 85€ 18. 570€ 2. 080€ 120€ 4. 010€ 370€ 890€ 11. 450€ 1. 980€ 3. 420€ 16. 220€ 2. 600€ 11. 760€

Mediterranean Port Call Costs: Millennium (Panamax) Ship (90, 000 GRT, 2, 000 pax) Port of Call Head Tax Transit Call Ajaccio 11. 960€ Harbor Dues & Govt Fees Light Dues Anchorage, Navigation, Lines, Dues 6. 160€ Valetta Dockage Fees & Security Fees Pilots Fees Tugs Total Fees per Call 1. 500€ 1. 230€ 1. 980€ 15. 590€ 1. 880€ 420€ 7. 660€ 3. 490€ Messina 2. 270€ 200€ 7. 840€ Livorno 9. 470€ 4. 400€ 4. 150€ 18. 500€ Lisbon 6. 890€ 6. 790€ 1. 750€ 4. 150€ 19. 580€

Eastern Mediterranean Port Call Costs Venice, Italy Civitavecchia, Italy Dubrovnik, Croatia Istanbul, Turkey Naples, Italy Messina, Italy Valletta, Malta Athens, Greece Kusadasi, Turkey Santorini, Greece

Eastern Mediterranean Port Call Costs: Millennium (Panamax) Ship (90, 000 GRT, 2, 000 pax) Port of Call Venice Head Tax Transit Call 11. 870€ Dubrovnik Athens Santorini AVERAGE of 14 Med Ports Dockage Fees & Security 3. 590€ Harbor Dues & Govt Fees 450€ 8. 230€ 1. 850€ 360€ Light Dues Anchorage, Navigation, Lines, Dues Pilots Fees 2. 850€ 4. 020€ Tugs/ 11. 770€ 5. 770€ 1. 080€ 4. 090€ 780€ 360€ 6. 140€ 1. 360€ 1. 860€ 380€ 1. 820€ 34. 550€ 15. 080€ 920€ 170€ 1. 640€ 2. 570€ Total Fees per Call 9. 410€ 1. 310€ 1. 240€ 14. 850€

Comparison Port Call Costs: Millennium (Panamax) Ship (90, 000 GRT, 2, 000 pax) Port of Call Head Tax Transit Call Dockage Fees & Security Harbor Dues & Govt Fees Light Dues Anchorage, Navigation, Lines, Dues Pilots Fees AVERAGE of 9 Northern ports 5. 222€ 2. 555€ 11. 555€ 8. 440€ 9. 330€ AVERAGE of 14 Med Ports 6. 140€ 1. 360€ 1. 860€ 1. 640€ 2. 570€ Tugs/ Total Fees per Call 37. 250€ 1. 240€ 14. 850€

Comparison Port Call Costs: Millennium (Panamax) Ship (90, 000 GRT, 2, 000 pax) Port of Call Head Tax Transit Call Dockage Fees & Security Harbor Dues & Govt Fees Light Dues Anchorage, Navigation, Lines, Dues Pilots Fees Tugs/ Total Fees per Call AVERAGE of 9 Northern ports 5. 222€ 2. 555€ 11. 555€ 8. 440€ 9. 330€ 37. 250€ AVERAGE of 14 Med Ports 6. 140€ 1. 360€ 1. 860€ 1. 640€ 2. 570€ 1. 240€ 14. 850€ St. Martin, Caribbean 11. 540 € 160 € 3. 090 € 195 € St. Thomas, Caribbean 17. 990 € 3. 120 € 340 € 912 € 15, 900 € 20, 450 €

Euro Port Issues: Who is Responsible for What? • • • Port Costs are generally very local: Port Authority, Terminal operator, Stevedores, Pilots, Tugboats. Customs & Immigration Issues appear to be Federal (insufficient agents or inconvenient logistics)- mostly affects international crew movements. Port Regulations are generally EU mandated (Low Sulfur Fuel) Services costs such as garbage or water are competitive between ports. Congestion Issues are local and Federal: managing the process of creating more and larger facilities. Associations could possibly manage bookings calendar.

Euro Port Costs: How can we manage costs? • • • “Head Tax” per pax- Negotiate w/Terminal Operator (TO) Volume incentives, seasonal variances; tariffs must be public & standard Harbor Dues per GRT- Neg w Port Authority (PA); cruise ship tonnage debate Dockage Fees per Length Overall- PA or TO, generally standard for all vessel classes Light/Anchorage Dues- neg w/ PA or Ministry- is GRT the correct formula? Lines Fees- Neg w TO or stevedores; volume incentives Tug Boat Fees- per GRT, rarely compulsory today- insurance style? Pilots Fees- World’s most powerful local monopoly- ask gov't help Security Fees per passenger (ISPN add-on)- TO typically per pax fee Customs Fees- Federal Government (FG)- arbitrary government fiat Miscellaneous Government taxes and fees (FG)- arbitrary Service expenses to suppliers: Agency Fees, Garbage Take Off, Water Supply, Tender Operations

Euro Port Costs: How can we manage costs? Panel Discussion!

ECC Discussion European Port Costs John Tercek September, 2010