E U W o r ks h o p – R C S o n H 2 a n d F C T e c h n o l o g i e s f o r V e h i c l e s No. E Hy. Safe Thomas JORDAN, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Samira CHELHAOUI, INERIS Stewart MILES, HSE/HSL EU-Harmon. Hy Workshop, Bruxelles, 26 September 2005 1
E U W o r ks h o p – R C S o n H 2 a n d F C T e c h n o l o g i e s f o r V e h i c l e s Summary of the No. E Objectives (Do. W). . to integrate and harmonise the fragmented research base by: • … • Promotion of fundamental research necessary to address hydrogen safety issues. To provide contributions based on safety and risk studies to EU-legal requirements, standards and codes of practice by: Pre-normative research in identified critical areas; Development and implementation of a performance-based approach to hydrogen safety engineering; Use of results from detailed safety and risk assessment studies for different hydrogen applications as input to development of legal requirements, standards and codes of practice; Extracting net outcomes from safety and risk assessment studies, e. g. deterministic Safety Distances; EU-Harmon. Hy Workshop, Bruxelles, 26 September 2005 2
E U W o r ks h o p – R C S o n H 2 a n d F C T e c h n o l o g i e s f o r V e h i c l e s No. E Summary Current scientific and technical activities Pre-normative research task Ins. Hy. De Bonfire test standards EU-Harmon. Hy Workshop, Bruxelles, 26 September 2005 3
E U W o r ks h o p – R C S o n H 2 a n d F C T e c h n o l o g i e s f o r V e h i c l e s No. E Summary Current scientific and technical activities Safety-related tasks Ign. Hyd Hazard Zoning RA of Fuelling Stations EU-Harmon. Hy Workshop, Bruxelles, 26 September 2005 4
E U W o r ks h o p – R C S o n H 2 a n d F C T e c h n o l o g i e s f o r V e h i c l e s No. E Activities in RC&S • HYSAFE WP 16 : – Coordinator : INERIS (France) – Partners : Air Liquide (FR), BAM (DE), BMW (Ge. ), BRE (UK), CEA (FR), HSL (UK), JRC (NL), Norsk-Hydro (NO), Risoe (DK), Volvo (SW) EU-Harmon. Hy Workshop, Bruxelles, 26 September 2005 5
E U W o r ks h o p – R C S o n H 2 a n d F C T e c h n o l o g i e s f o r V e h i c l e s No. E Activities in RC&S • HYSAFE WP 16 : – Objectives : • • ensure that consensual knowledge on hydrogen safety is adequately taken into account in the process of building new standards and regulatory requirements related to hydrogen technologies. promote consensus within EC countries on safety related standardisation / regulatory aspects in order to strengthen the interest of EC countries when voting take place at ISO, IEC, UN or other relevant organisations (CEN, IPHE, HFP), if requested by other projects (HYAPPROVAL, HYCOM, HYGUIDE, …), review guidelines / safety reports produced under these projects and forward them our opinion about their content, identify knowledge gaps that would require further studies prior to standardisation or the development of regulatory EU-Harmon. Hy Workshop, Bruxelles, 26 September 2005 6
E U W o r ks h o p – R C S o n H 2 a n d F C T e c h n o l o g i e s f o r V e h i c l e s No. E Activities in RC&S – HYSAFE WP 16 is an interface : • • ISO TC 197 and appropriate TC 22 SC 25 new working group dedicated to review existing standards regarding their suitability for hydrogen, CEN ad-hoc group on review of existing standards and identification of gaps, European Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Platform (Informal group on regulations, codes and standards) Harmon. Hy project : to develop collaboration with HYSAFE on RC&S – Communication : • • • Pursue official links with ISO and IEC organisations, Communication within HYSAFE partnership through our webpage related to RC&S, Make visible WP 16 activity to external stakeholders trough our website. EU-Harmon. Hy Workshop, Bruxelles, 26 September 2005 7
E U W o r ks h o p – R C S o n H 2 a n d F C T e c h n o l o g i e s f o r V e h i c l e s No. E Activities in RC&S • HYSAFE WP 16 – Main actions : - - providing Hy. Safe co-ordinated action to RC&S groups : direct inputs or edition of “Position papers” regarding documents produced by RC&S groups, identification of safety related gaps, providing, when available, scientific inputs to RC&S groups, position on draft documents or on proposals for new standardisation work items, …, identification of priorities in pre-normative topics and feed-back RC&S groups with data produced, . . . EU-Harmon. Hy Workshop, Bruxelles, 26 September 2005 8
E U W o r ks h o p – R C S o n H 2 a n d F C T e c h n o l o g i e s f o r V e h i c l e s No. E Activities in RC&S • HYSAFE WP 16 : RC&S delegates EU-Harmon. Hy Workshop, Bruxelles, 26 September 2005 9
Presentation Template/3 E U W o r ks h o p – R C S o n H 2 a n d F C T e c h n o l o g i e s f o r V e h i c l e s 2. “Traffic light” analysis (max 2 -3 slides) Working Group 1: H 2, Vehicle and surroundings safety in normal use Major Items Traffic light Note (leave only one) Material and Component Characteristics and System Integrity: Mechanical properties, road hazards exposure, hydrogen system integrity (normal operation) Endurance: Lifecycles, requalification; aging Refueling: Operability and simplicity in operation, compatibility and safety of the fueling Hy. Approval cooperation (WP 12) Intentional Hydrogen Releases: Purging, boil-off, permeation (incl. losses, e. g. connections) Ins. Hy. De Controls and Display (incl. H 2 -sensors) Ins. Hy. De + EU-Harmon. Hy Workshop, Bruxelles, 26 September 2005 10
E U W o r ks h o p – R C S o n H 2 a n d F C T e c h n o l o g i e s f o r V e h i c l e s “Traffic light” analysis Working Group 2: Vehicle and surroundings safety in crash situations and defects, damages Major Items Traffic light (leave only one) Note Material and Component Characteristics and System Integrity Damage tolerance, mechanical properties, road hazards exposure, hydrogen system integrity (post-crash) Crashworthiness Differences to today existing vehicles Leakage Ins. Hy. De Fire safety Bonfire test cooperation Stor. Hy Protection, prevention Explosion Protection Pressure and fire explosion Hy. Tunnel Emergency Medical Rescue: Marking and installation position of parts Controls and Display (incl. H 2 -sensors) EU-Harmon. Hy Workshop, Bruxelles, 26 September 2005 Basic considerations in WP 2 11
E U W o r ks h o p – R C S o n H 2 a n d F C T e c h n o l o g i e s f o r V e h i c l e s Projects - Ins. Hy. De • Context : – Large leaks caused by major system failure : very low probability => zoning, detection, prevention, passive building design – Minor leaks (< 1 g/sec) : more foreseeable => risks in confinement ? • Objectives : – Investigation of realistic non-catastrophic releases in (partially) confined areas : dispersion behaviour, fire and explosion potentials, ignition – Regulatory and standards framaework for indoor H 2 systems – System risk assessment and basis for risk control – Ventilation performance and layout – Detection and Buildings (garages, tunnels, etc) layout – Zone classification and choice of electrical equipment – Best practices for scenario quantification and ventilation design / EU-Harmon. Hy Workshop, Bruxelles, 26 September 2005 12
E U W o r ks h o p – R C S o n H 2 a n d F C T e c h n o l o g i e s f o r V e h i c l e s Projects - Ins. Hy. De • Dispersion simulations and experiments => investigation of : – the hydrogen dispersion behaviour in quiet atmosphere for various leaking regimes (release rates =< 1 g/s) – the ability of ventilation to control these leaks (reduction of ATEX) – hydrogen sensors (response accuracy, response time, …) à à Experiments performed at INERIS & CEA facilities Pre-test calculations to better define the experimental scenario and the best appropriate position of the instrumentation (CFD modelling) EU-Harmon. Hy Workshop, Bruxelles, 26 September 2005 13
E U W o r ks h o p – R C S o n H 2 a n d F C T e c h n o l o g i e s f o r V e h i c l e s Projects - Ins. Hy. De • Infrastructure View of inside of CEA 100 m 3 MISTRA facility with position of instrumentation INERIS 100 m 3 underground ventilated gallery Catalytic sensor Ultrasonic sensor INERIS measurement techniques EU-Harmon. Hy Workshop, Bruxelles, 26 September 2005 14
E U W o r ks h o p – R C S o n H 2 a n d F C T e c h n o l o g i e s f o r V e h i c l e s Projects - Ins. Hy. De • On-going dispersion experiments : test matrix EU-Harmon. Hy Workshop, Bruxelles, 26 September 2005 15
E U W o r ks h o p – R C S o n H 2 a n d F C T e c h n o l o g i e s f o r V e h i c l e s Projects - Ins. Hy. De • „Garage“ experiments : INERIS-CEA collaboration (2006) – to design a new facility to carry out test with vents, ventilation systems, and possibility to vary geometric configurations (roof) EU-Harmon. Hy Workshop, Bruxelles, 26 September 2005 16
E U W o r ks h o p – R C S o n H 2 a n d F C T e c h n o l o g i e s f o r V e h i c l e s Projects - Hy. Tunnel • Current safety requirements for road tunnels consider air quality, fire and smoke spread – Natural and/or forced ventilation – CO, video etc detection – Means of escape and safety refuges • • But, do H 2 vehicles pose additional hazards? If so, then need to – Update design guidance for new tunnels – Establish improvents to be made on existing tunnels – Ammend regulations for old and new tunnels EU-Harmon. Hy Workshop, Bruxelles, 26 September 2005 17
E U W o r ks h o p – R C S o n H 2 a n d F C T e c h n o l o g i e s f o r V e h i c l e s Projects - Hy. Tunnel cont. • Project objectives – – – Review existing design guidance and regulations Identify critical accident and H 2 release scanerios Review relevant experimental and modelling work Undertake experiments and/or modelling exercises Identify changes to design and regulations that may be required to safely accommodate H 2 vehicles EU-Harmon. Hy Workshop, Bruxelles, 26 September 2005 18
E U W o r ks h o p – R C S o n H 2 a n d F C T e c h n o l o g i e s f o r V e h i c l e s Projects - Hy. Tunnel cont. • Some accident scenarios – Collision or mechanical failure resulting in release of H 2 and formation of explosive gas mixture – Exposure of H 2 storage cyclinders to thermal hazard from tunnel fire • Some itigation measures – Enhanced ventilation to prevent formation of explosure concentrations of H 2 – „Safe“ ignition of H 2 gas mixtures before explosion can occur – Water mist or sprinklers to reduce thermal exposure and restrict combustion EU-Harmon. Hy Workshop, Bruxelles, 26 September 2005 19
E U W o r ks h o p – R C S o n H 2 a n d F C T e c h n o l o g i e s f o r V e h i c l e s Projects Bonfire test standards • • • In cooperation with Stor. Hy investigate the existing standards or proposals for an improved test Reasonible combination of performance based component and system level tests More detailed information derived from more appropriate measurement equipment of tests EU-Harmon. Hy Workshop, Bruxelles, 26 September 2005 20
E U W o r ks h o p – R C S o n H 2 a n d F C T e c h n o l o g i e s f o r V e h i c l e s Current WP work Ign. Hyde Development of an improved probabilistic ignition model, needed for all RAs. Hazard Zoning Evaluation of the transferrability of the HZ concept to hydrogen. Main activities related to IEC (electric installations, …) but also closely related to the safety distance concept. RA of Fuelling Stations 3 basic designs (determined by Hy. Approval) will be analysed by “standard” RA methodology in WP 12. EU-Harmon. Hy Workshop, Bruxelles, 26 September 2005 21
E U W o r ks h o p – R C S o n H 2 a n d F C T e c h n o l o g i e s f o r V e h i c l e s Proposals Other RCS items: Home fuelling Fuelling interface H 2 sensors and small leak detection systems Underground storage General recommendations via a general performance based hydrogen safety standard RA Potential pre-normative research needs: Small leak detection Automated emergency intervention Safety/ Clearance distances Thermal and pressure effect of fires/explosion FA, DDT and interference with mitigation measures EU-Harmon. Hy Workshop, Bruxelles, 26 September 2005 22