e Loran An International Perspective Sir Jeremy de

e. Loran: An International Perspective Sir Jeremy de Halpert Executive Chairman, Trinity House, UK Dr Sally Basker General Lighthouse Authorities of the UK and Ireland Prepared for the US National Space-Based PNT Executive Committee Advisory Board, Washington DC, 14 May 2009

Contents § Background § Policy Perspective § Commercial Perspective § Risk Perspective § Conclusions

The General Lighthouse Authorities of the United Kingdom and Ireland § The General Lighthouse Authorities (GLAs) have the statutory responsibility for the provision of marine aids to navigation (Ato. Ns) around the coasts of the UK and Ireland § The GLAs operate in a user-pays cost-recovery environment § The GLAs shared mission is the delivery of a reliable, efficient and cost effective Ato. N service for the benefit and safety of all mariners 3

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Why e. Loran? § Over-reliance on GPS in the maritime sector is increasing with reversionary skills disappearing § The GLAs’ requirement is for an independent, dissimilar, multimodal, interoperable complement to GPS available during longterm GPS service outages over wide areas § e. Loran is the only credible and cost-effective option that can be declared operational in a timely fashion § Necessary preparation for e-Navigation 5

The UK e. Loran station § De-manned § Contractor operated with 15 -year contract - Replacement transmitter scheduled § Already providing real-time DGPS, DLoran & UTC 6

Existing Loran & Chayka stations are well-placed for maritime operations Loran (Red), Chayka (Green), World’s 50 Busiest Cargo Ports (Blue) 7

Policy Perspective § Radionavigation services are and will continue to be vital to the World’s safety, security and economic well-being § The US is the dominant player and any statements made are treated at face value and with the utmost importance § The FRP is held in high esteem because it is the basis of the confidence that has led to the deployment of GPS in much of the World’s critical infrastructure Date Statement / Activity Pro Loran? 2007 Federal Register Notice on Loran Oct 2007 Independent Assessment Team’s e. Loran Study Feb 2008 DHS Press Release starting implementation of e. Loran 25 Feb 2009 2008 Federal Radionavigation Plan 26 Feb 2009 OMB announced intention to decommission Loran-C 8 !?

Commercial Perspective: - Supply & Demand The Benefit of a Positive, Stable Policy Environment The February 2008 US DHS announcement proved what had always been expected: a positive policy statement would stimulate the supply and demand for e. Loran § Supply - Public sector, companies and venture capitalists have provided capital - New transmitters, receivers, and system elements § Demand for Robust PNT based on awareness of GNSS vulnerability - Telecommunications, General aviation, land mobile - Maritime professional, recreational as well as search and rescue - Defence, homeland security, law enforcement 9

Commercial Perspective: - Lost-opportunity cost § GPS has led, rightly, to the decommissioning of almost all radionavigation systems that can provide PNT § The strategic value of an independent, cross-sector, dissimilar, interoperable radionavigation system providing robust PNT increases every time another system is decommissioned or a GPS jamming event occurs § Consequently, the lost opportunity cost of decommissioning Loran-C and not transitioning to e. Loran is likely to increase exponentially year-on-year 10

Risk Perspective: - GPS denial 11 • 1. 5 W GPS Jammer

Risk Perspective: - Reversion following loss § GPS-related industrial and user benefits include manning efficiency savings from system integration and automation - Reliance on new concept of operations - Benefits are economic and, in some cases, safety and security § Reversion to previous concept of operations almost impossible - Need to recognise when reversion required - Need for more and better skilled people who are trained and practice § Example: Marine navigation 12

Conclusions § Transition to e. Loran - Welcomed worldwide - Funding availability, industry will respond, users will equip - e. Loran is comparable to GPS and capable of satisfying the demand for robust PNT from land, sea, air and telecoms markets - Retro-fitting opportunity will stimulate creativity, innovation and sales - Potential cost-savings from rationalising other backup systems - The US is well-placed to realise a return on its investment § Any other decision is the same as termination 13

Necessary steps for establishing a successful e. Loran service § Positive, stable policy statement with long-term commitment § Realistic plan with commitment to delivery § Continuity of funding guaranteed § Continuity of service demonstrated to build confidence § Open, published performance specification § Open, published signal-in-space interface control document These are generic. They are as true for e. Loran as they are for GPS or Galileo 14