Dry Cow Therapy Mastitis and Milk — Enhancement

Dry Cow Therapy, Mastitis and Milk - Enhancement Therapeutic treatment with casein hydrolyzate eradicate effectively bacterial infection in treated mammary quarters in cows Nissim Silanikove, Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Animal Science, Israel. Gabriel Leitner, The Veterinary Institute, Israel Jose Iscovich, Mileutis Ltd. Doron Tiomkin, Hchaklait, Veterinarian Services, Israel. Adin Swhimmer, Central Laboratory for Udder Health, Israel.

Histology of gland treated with casein hydrolyzate (CNH) vs. non-treated gland Treated Gland Control Gland

H in Goats: Precipitous drying of milk secretion only in the treated gland Silanikove et al, Life Sci. , 2002

The Physiological Basis Dramatic activation of the innate immune system within 8 hours Secretion of large number of activated neutrophils. Enhanced secretion of immunoglobulins. Formation of bactericide environment: Secretion of antimicrobial proteins and free radicals formation. Drastic reduction in lactose and citrate concentration: elimination of food for bacteria.

Treatment procedures Evacuate the treated gland infuse the drug into the cistern. Repeat the treatment twice over two days. Don’t milk between treatments. After the last treatment the gland is not milked until the next lactation.

Clinical mastitis with Arcanobacterium pyogenes Antibiotic treatment is not effective. The common treatment is to cut the teat in order to drain the infection or to treat with chlorhexidine or povidone - iodine. Without treatment the infection might spread and become lethal.

To pour or not to pour

SCC (× 1000) before treatment and 15 to 60 days after treatment in 45 cows Somatic Cell Counts Number SCC - PRE Average SCC - POST Average 5 1, 235. 2 147. 4 All Streptococcus 17 3, 357. 4 262. 3 Escherichia coli Arcanobacterium pyogenes 7 10 1, 781. 2 1, 465. 1 275. 4 145. 6 6 3, 283. 5 226. 7 Pathogens Staphylococcus aureus Others All: Average SCC Standard deviation 2, 210. 2 2, 374. 3 205. 0 170. 2 Note: SCC-PRE denotes pre-treatment somatic cell counts; SCC-POST denotes post-treatment somatic cell count. Pooled across herds (n=10) and period, 2001 -2003.

SCC (× 1000) frequencies after treatment with CNH Stage 0 – 200 201 – 400 >401 Clinical 22 % 8% Subclinical 40 % 22% 8% Total 62 % 30% 8% 0

SCC (× 1000) frequencies after treatment with CNH in the following lactation £ 100 25. 9 % 101 - 200 33. 3 % 201 - 400 25. 9 % ³ 14. 8 % 401 Reminder : pretreatment average SCC was 2, 210. 2

Bacterial cure in cows treated with CNH Detected microorganism before treatment Detected microorganism after treatment S. aureus 5 1 All Streptococcus 6 2 E. coli 4 1 pyogenes. A. 10 0 Others 8 0 Total 33 4 Cure rate of 88. 87 % P <. 05

Ontogenesis of milk production in cows treated with CNH Pooled across herds (n=10) and period, 2001 -2003.

Dry period and new infections The risk of new intramammary infections might be reduced if milk production decreased prior to dry off, the udder involuted rapidly, and the teat canal closed in a timely manner". R. T. Dingwell et al. 2001; National Mastitis Council Annual Meeting Proceedings, pp. 69 -79; NMC, Verona, Wisconsin "For every 5 kg increase in milk yield at dry-off above 12. 5 kg, the odds of cow having an environmental intramammary infection at calving increased at least by 77%". Rajala-Schultz et al. ; J Dairy Sci 2005; 88; 577 -9 a

Dry off treatment: CNH vs. antibiotics SCC values

Dry off treatment – infections in subsequent lactation Detected microorganism before treatment Detected SAME DIFFERENT microorganism, 0 microorganism 60 -59 days after -89 days after calving. S. aureus 3 0 0 0 S. dysgalactia 4 0 0 2 . chromog. S 0 0 0 1 S. uberis 1 0 0 0 . coli. E 1 0 0 1 CNS 2 0 0 2 100% 45% Non infected post-treatment

Cow 2425

Cow 2331

yield during the first 100 days in lactation in the year before and after dry period treatment 45. 0 44. 5 100% were bacterial free with SCC < 200, 000 Milk yield, L/d 44. 0 43. 5 3. 2 Literd increase 7. 8% 43. 0 42. 5 42. 0 3. 7 Literd increase 9. 36% 41. 5 41. 0 All cows were infected at end of lactation 40. 5 40. 0 39. 5 39. 0 38. 5 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Days in milking Values were corrected for lactation number 90 100 110

Mean milk yield increase during first 100 days of lactation

Conclusions CNH improve dramatically milk hygiene immediately, without the need to discard milk from the uninfected gland. CNH is effective where no alternative treatments exist. CNH gained high rate of bacterial cure, with secretion of milk with low SCC during the next lactation cycle. CNH is effective as a dry period treatment: eradicates existing infections, prevents new infections and lowers SCC. CNH shortens the dry cow period treatment. CNH increases milk yield.