DRUG TRENDS THE FIGHT AGAINST DRUG TRAFFICKING ISTANBUL

DRUG TRENDS THE FIGHT AGAINST DRUG TRAFFICKING ISTANBUL July 08, 2008 1

DRUG PROBLEMS Ø Globalization Ø High profit margin Ø Increase in drug addiction Ø Terrorist activities Ø Changes in the political situation in various countries The drug problem has grown into a regional and international crime problem, not just a national problem. 2

GLOBAL EVALUATION United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) World Drug Report 1/3 of $1 Trillion US Dollars is derived from illegal income which is approximately $321 Billion US. The source is from drug trafficking. 3

OPIATES AFGHANISTAN MEXICO MYANMAR LAO PDR COLOMBIA 4

COMPARING OPIUM PRODUCTION BETWEEN AFGHANISTAN AND REST OF THE WORLD Year OPIUM PRODUCTION IN AFGHANISTAN (TONS) GLOBAL OPIUM PRODUCTION (TONS) PERCENTAGE OF PRODUCTION IN AFGHANISTAN 1998 2, 693 4, 346 62% 1999 4, 565 5, 764 79% 2000 3, 276 4, 691 70% 2001 185 1, 596 12% 2002 3, 400 4, 491 76% 2003 3, 600 4, 765 76% 2004 4, 200 4, 850 87% 2005 4, 100 4, 620 89% 2006 6, 100 6, 610 92% 2007 8, 200 8, 847 93% Source: UNODC 5

OPIUM POPPY CULTIVATION IN AFGHANISTAN (1986 – 2007) Source: UNODC 104, 000 131, 000 - 20. 7% 193, 000 165, 000 + 17% 6

POTENTIAL OPIUM PRODUCTION IN AFGHANISTAN (1986 – 2007) 6, 100 8, 200 +34. 4% Source: UNODC 4, 100 4, 200 - 2. 4% 7

OPIUM POPPY CULTIVATION IN SOUTH EAST ASIA 140, 000 127, 752 Hectares 120, 000 100, 000 81% decrease 2000 -2006 80, 000 60, 000 + 22% 40, 000 24, 000 29, 200 20, 000 0 2001 2002 2003 Lao PDR 2004 2005 2006 2007 Myanmar Source: UNODC, Myanmar figures for 2000 & 2001 are US Government estimates 8

OPIUM POPPY CULTIVATION IN COLOMBIA & MEXICO 8, 900 - 41% 5, 250 Source: UNODC: 2000 -2006 Colombia, 2000 -2005 Mexico; US Government Mexico 2006 9

POTENTIAL OPIUM PRODUCTION IN SOUTH EAST ASIA 1, 254 73% decrease 2000 -2006 + 40% 469 335 Source: UNODC, Myanmar figures for 2000 & 2001 are US Government estimates 10

POTENTIAL OPIUM PRODUCTION IN COLOMBIA & MEXICO 177 - 44% 99 Source: UNODC: 2000 -2006 Colombia, 2000 -2005 Mexico; US Government Mexico 2006 11

GLOBAL PRODUCTION AND SEIZURES OF HEROIN 11. 5% 33. 8% Source: UNODC 10. 9% 11. 1% 12. 2% 12

COCA AND COCAINE 13

GLOBAL CULTIVATION OF COCA (1990 – 2006) Coca Cultivation Andean region 2002 170, 300 ha 2003 153, 800 ha 2004 158, 000 ha 2005 159, 600 ha 2006 156, 900 ha Source: UNODC 14

ESTIMATED GLOBAL COCAINE PRODUCTION (1990 – 2006) Production Statistics Source: UNODC 15

COCAINE TRAFFICKING ROUTES 76. 7% 58. 1% 38. 9% 45. 1% 57. 4% 46. 5% Seizures of cocaine transiting direct to Spain and Portugal have decreased Seizures on the “back door” of Europe have increased Cocaine shipments through West Africa pose a significant threat The amount of cocaine leaving Venezuela to the US and Europe has increased dramatically Reports of large quantities of cocaine to Asia increasing 16

COCAINE SEIZURES On October 30, 2007, a record 23. 5 tons of cocaine was seized in Mexico. Low Profile Vessels: 3 multi-ton cocaine seizures from November 2006 to March 2008 Photo courtesy of the US Coast Guard 17

CANNABIS AND DERIVATIVES Percentage of Global Production Africa North America Oceania Central/ and Caribbean Asia Europe Source UNODC (Statistics of 42, 000 hectares under cultivation in 18

GLOBAL SEIZURES OF MARIJUANA (TONS) - 35% Source: UNODC 19

GLOBAL SEIZURES OF HASHISH (TONS) - 11% Source: UNODC 20

RECORD HASHISH SEIZURE In June 2008, a joint operation led to the seizure and destruction of approximately 262 tons of hashish. The hashish was stockpiled in several underground warehouses near Spin Boldak, Afghanistan. 21

AMPHETAMINE-TYPE SIMULANTS 22

GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF AMPHETAMINE-TYPE STIMULANTS (ATS) 480 479 445 Source: UNODC 23

MDMA PRODUCTION • The Netherlands remains a significant producer of MDMA • “Mega-Labs” in South East Asia are capable of producing both MDMA and crystal methamphetamine. • Asian Organized Crime groups play an important role in the global MDMA trade. • Canada is now the primary source country for MDMA in the United States. 24

METHAMPHETAMINE TRAFFICKING IN MEXICO • In 2007, decreased availability in the United States. MEXICO • Starting in 2008, no pseudo-ephedrine can be legally imported into Mexico. • Precursor Chemicals now flowing through Central America. Lab seized in Mexico in December 2007 25

METHAMPHETAMINE IN SOUTH EAST ASIA • Synthetic drugs are the primary threat in South East Asia. • Increasing rates of abuse and production throughout South East Asia. Yunnan Province Burma Vietnam Laos Thailand Cambodia 26

GLOBAL SEIZURES OF AMPHETAMINE-TYPE STIMULANTS (ATS) 44 35. 4 31. 7 29. 6 Source: UNODC 26. 6 24. 7 27

ORIGIN OF SEIZURES OF ECSTASY (2003 – 2005) The Netherlands Belgium Germany Canada Poland Lithuania Estonia England Bulgaria China Serbia South America Spain USA Hungary Bosnia & Herzegovina Other European Countries Other Asian Countries Other (Source: UNODC ) 28

ORIGIN OF GLOBAL SEIZURES OF AMPHETAMINES (2003 – 2005) The Netherlands Poland Belgium Lithuania Estonia Serbia Germany Bulgaria Czech Republic Bosnia & Herzegovina Slovakia Other European Countries Asian Countries American Countries Oceana (Source: UNODC) 29

PRECURSOR CHEMICALS • Trafficking groups quickly adapt in response to tighter legal controls. • Countries in Asia, Africa and Middle East used for transit. How will new restrictions impact drug trafficking groups? 30

ACETIC ANHYDRIDE (AA) • No licit production or legal use in Afghanistan • Produced in at least 18 countries around the world • China, Russia, India, Germany, and South Korea • Smuggled to Afghanistan through neighboring countries • Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, China, Pakistan, and Iran • Smuggled via maritime vessels in containerized cargo and overland in cargo trucks 31

ACETIC ANHYDRIDE (AA) • Price of AA in Afghanistan has reportedly increased over the past year. • Notable seizures: – In November 2007 10 tons of AA in Russia. – In March 2007 14 tons of AA traveling to Pakistan from South Korea. 32

MONEY LAUNDERING *Bulk cash smuggling continues unabated. *Trade-based money laundering linking organizations in South America, the Middle East and Asia. *Exploiting technology and developing new methods. – Online and Mobile telephone payment system – Virtual worlds 33

POLICE UNITS – ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE MINISTRY OF INTERIOR GENERAL COMMANDERSHIP UNDERSECRETARY OF CUSTOMS TURKISH NATIONAL COMMANDERSHIP POLICE OF COAST GUARD TURKISH CUSTOMS OF GENDARMERIE In the fight against drug trafficking the Gendarmerie, Police, Coast Guard and Customs work cooperatively on joint investigations. 34

TURKEY’S VIEW ON DRUG TRAFFICKING • Turkey has fought against drug trafficking, drugs abuse and addiction • Turkey has instituted policies which state that drug trafficking is a crime against humanity and drug addicted individuals should be treated as patients • The “National Strategy and Policy Document, ” which covers the years of 2006 -2012, has been signed by the Prime Minister. • With the signing of this document, political measures on the struggle against drug trafficking has been clearly defined. 35

RESULTS IN THE STRUGGLE AGAINST DRUGS 2005 2006 2007 7581 10, 546 13, 692 Suspects 15, 120 21, 856 28, 734 Hashish (Kg) 13, 720 23, 884 31, 843 Heroin (Kg) 8, 195 10, 312 13, 228 Morphine Base (Kg) 529 169 Opium (Kg) 212 440 765 Cocaine (Kg. ) 41 77 116 3, 954 6, 317 13, 523 Captagon (Tablets) 6, 694, 923 14, 073, 121 7, 609, 327 Ecstasy (Tablets) 1, 748, 796 1, 592, 200 1, 047, 559 Operations Acetic Anhydride (Liters) 36

K. K. T. C. • NORTHERN BLACK SEA ROUTE • BALKAN ROUTE • EAST MEDITERRANEAN ROUTE 37

HEROIN SEIZURES IN EU AND TURKEY 15, 000 Turkey – Transit country EU – Target Countries 12, 000 10, 810 10, 274 Kilograms 9, 206 9, 000 7, 462 6, 067 8, 963 8, 069 8, 975 , 8844 8, 195 6, 000 6, 914 6, 052 3, 000 10, 312 3, 509 4, 651 4, 704 3, 820 3, 605 2, 535 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 In 2006, Turkey seized more heroin than all the EU countries combined. (Source: UNODC ) 38

EMERGING THREAT: NORTHERN BLACK SEA ROUTE 1 Operation 140 kg heroin 5 persons arrested 1 Operation 121 kg heroin 10 persons arrested 5 Operations 578 kg heroin 19 persons arrested K. K. T. C. 1 Operation 142 kg heroin 10 persons arrested Cooperation and operational information sharing resulted in large seizures in the Ukraine (506 kg), Azerbaijan (142 kg), Kazakhstan (121 kg) and Romania (150 kg) 39/109 39

SYNTHETIC DRUG ROUTES ECSTASY CAPTAGON 15, 665, 321 K. K. T. C. 10, 963, 979 8, 443, 719 8, 656, 886 5, 848, 457 40

REGIONAL ECSTASY EVALUATION 2004 2005 5, 619, 269 1, 854, 487 306 kg 430 kg 210 lt 12 lt England 4, 650, 000 3, 243, 647 No Data TURKEY 845, 390 1, 748, 796 1, 592, 200 France 1, 893, 226 833, 648 1, 488, 919 Germany 2, 052, 157 1, 588, 907 1, 082, 820 Netherlands 2006 4, 118, 300 Although Turkey is not among the main producing or consuming countries, it is among one of the top three ecstasy seizing countries in Europe. 41

TADOC TURKISH INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY AGAINST DRUGS AND ORGANIZED CRIME TADOC was established. 42

OPERATIONS CONDUCTED OVER THE LAST 3 YEARS INVOLVING INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Local (59) Heroin Hashish Abroad (30) Countries (21) 1, 854 Kg 2, 244 Kg Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, Netherlands, Romania, Saudi 251 Kg Arabia, USA, Georgia, Cocaine 62 Kg Opium 10 Kg 5 Kg Poland, Iran, Ukraine, Italy, 5, 734, 000 Tablets 2, 890, 000 Tablets Hungary, Norway, Serbia, Captagon Denmark, England, Spain, Belgium, Macedonia, Ecstasy 354, 523 Tablets 250, 000 Tablets Slovenia, Kazakhstan Acetic Anhydride 12, 960 Liters 43

CONTROLLED DELIVERY OPERATIONS ( 1997 – 2007 ) Local (57) / Abroad (77) Countries (19) Heroin 1392 Kg Italy, England, Hashish 3072 Kg France, Georgia, Saudi Arabia, Belgium, Morphine Base 267 Kg Cocaine 65 Kg Bulgaria, Netherlands, Opium 57 Kg Hungary, USA, Captagon Ecstasy Acetic 4, 720, 000 Tablets 100, 000 Tablets Russia, Canada, Macedonia, Germany, Romania, Greece, Slovenia, Austria, Pakistan. 29, 427 Liters Anhydride 44

OUR PROPOSALS 45

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