Drip Irrigation For Mid-America Mark Burgess, C. I. D. Bootheel Irrigation Conference December 15, 2003
Drip Irrigation n A method of uniformly delivering water and nutrients to a plant’s root zone in the precise amounts in order to meet plant needs
Sub-Surface Drip Irrigation (SDI) n A low pressure irrigation system that uses polyethylene driplines that are permanently buried below the soil surface, placing water directly into the root area of a crop.
Benefits of Drip Irrigation n Crop yield and quality increase Improved field access during cultural operations such as cultivation, spraying, or harvesting Uniform delivery of water, chemicals and fertilizers – Water usage reduced by irrigating only the root zone – Lower pumping requirement and energy costs – Less percolation of chemicals and fertilizers into the groundwater n Controlled Wetted Area – Reduced disease and weed growth – Allows more saline water to be used for irrigation n Irrigate small or irregularly shaped fields
Benefits of SDI n n n Same as those of drip Reduced irrigation labor costs over Center Pivot (CP) Considered a permanent system
Things To Consider n n n n Water Availability Water Quality Crop Needs Field Conditions (soil, topography, dimensions, row configuration, and etc) Expectations (Lifetime of system, costs, uniformity, and etc. ) Availability of technical assistance Maintenance
System Components 1. System controller (If automated) 2. Pump 3. Back flow prevention valve 4. Fertilizer injector/tank 5. Filter tanks 6. Butterfly valve or ball valve 7. Pressure gauges 8. Mainline control valve 9. Mainline 10. Flow meter 11. Air vents at high points, after valves and at ends of lines 12. Pressure relief valve 13. Field control valve 14. Submain secondary filters 15. Pre-set pressure regulator 16. Submain 17. Lateral hookups 18. Laterals 19. Flushing manifolds 20. Flush valves
Next Step n n Design Installation Flush system Take benchmark flow rates and pressures
Common Problems n n n Filtration Leaks Clogging
Filtration n n Filter Needs Cleaning Damaged Screen or Disc’s Flush Valves Not working Tank Failure Bad Gaskets and/or Seals
Leaks n n n Broken Mains or Submains Damaged Laterals Loose Connections
Clogging n n n Biological Chemical/Mineral Sand and/or Sediment Root Intrusion Maintenance Injection
Georgia Example n n n n n GA – 7 year rotation corn/peanuts Row spacing – 32” Tape spacing – 64” Soil – Sandy clay Tape depth – 9” No till Tape – 15 mil 12 in. outlet Tape flow – 24 gph/100 ft Corn – 240 bu/ac Peanuts – 6, 000 - 6, 500 lb/ac
Kansas Example n n n n n Crop - Corn Row spacing – 32” Tape spacing – 40” Soil – Loessial, silt, loam Tape depth – 16” – 18 ‘ Ridge Till, conventional Tape – 15 mil 12 in. outlet Tape flow – 15 gph/100 ft Corn – 210 bu/ac
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