Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv

Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv

CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE “What a strange couple, the two doctors - the father and his daughter - so practical and yet so fantasizing. This is not how I imagined the Jews” - Theodor Herzel, Altneuland CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE Ha yarkon st. , Tel Aviv during the 30 s MODERN TELAVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TELAVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

THE FLYING CAMEL CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TELAVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES “… fly camel high up/ on the seven seas/ fly and flower/ send regards to every nation and nation/ and inform them of the Levant fair” THE FUTURE Emanuel Harusi and Mordechi Zeira , ‘The flying camel’ Poster for the 1936 levant fair Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

IMPORTED ARCHITECTURE CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TELAVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Why was this architecture chosen? How did the architecture adapt to the new conditions? What was its cultural significance in its new context? Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv Allenby st. , Tel Aviv during the 30 s Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

SIMILARITIES & DIFFERENCES CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TELAVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS Similarities & Differences PLANNING STRATEGIES • Modern Architecture did not grow organically in the city but was imported from outside THE FUTURE • Modern Tel-Aviv was built in the pre war years when the Modern Movement was not yet prevalent • The choice of Modern architecture in Tel -Aviv was spontaneous and not a result of a governmental decision Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

APRIL 1909 "אי אפשר לחשוב על בן האדם מחוץ לתרבות; התרבות היא תוצר אנושי אך באותו הזמן בן האדם הוא תוצר של התרבות שלו" מרינה וייסמן CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE Ha yarkon st. , Tel Aviv during the 30 s MODERN TELAVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

THE EARLY YEARS CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TELAVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Tel Aviv, Reuven Rubin 1922 Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

RAPID GROWTH CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TELAVIV Sir Patrick Geddes DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE TEL AVIV POPULATION 1918 - 2000 1922 - 12000 1925 - 34000 1931 - 45000 1934 - 100000 1936 - 150000 Jewish immigrants arriving in Mandate Palestine Tel-Aviv plan from 1931 Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

QUANTITY AND DIVERSITY CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TELAVIV ‘Tel-Aviv realized Gropious’ dream of ‘unity in diversity‘ as a basic condition for urban quality’ Winfred Nerdinger. DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Rothschild blvd. , Tel Aviv during the 30 s Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

IN THE RIGHT PLACE AT THE RIGHT TIME The background for the success of Modern Architecture in Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TELAVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES The socio-economic realities of the period The cultural climate of the ‘fifth aliyah’ THE FUTURE The Know The ideas the architects brought from Europe The role of modern architecture as a message carrier Rothschild blvd. , Tel Aviv during the 30 s Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

ADOPTATION “In a place where the movement of population depends, in a decisive manner, on invasion and addition of population from the outside, it is almost impossible to estimate in advance the necessities and to prepare a certain mode of action” Yakov Schifman, Tel-Aviv city engineer 1935 CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TELAVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Rothschild blvd. , Tel Aviv during the 30 s Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

THE IMAGE OF PROGRESS CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TELAVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS Erich Mendelsohn, Sketch for ‘Schoken’ Depatment store, Stuttgart 1926 -7 PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE various architects, Tel-Aviv, 1930 s Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv Rothschild blvd. , Tel Aviv during the 30 s Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

THE STATE CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TELAVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES - David Ben Gurion, Israel’s first prime minister THE FUTURE Bruno Zevi wrote that in Israel “a building, before being good or bad, was wonderful just because it was there”. In fact, the first to receive an honorary doctor title from the Faculty of Architecture of the ‘Technion’ was not an architect but Israel’s first prime minister David Ben-Gurion ‘The architect of the state’. Rothschild blvd. , Tel Aviv during the 30 s Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

DEVELOPMENT CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TELAVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS ‘Gimnasia Herzeliya’ – the first school of Tel-Aviv PLANNING STRATEGIES David Ben Gurion, Israelws first prime minister THE FUTURE ‘Shalom Tower’ built in 1965 on the site ‘Gimnasia Herzelia’ Rothschild blvd. , Tel Aviv during the 30 s Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

CRISIS Tel Aviv-Yafo Population CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TELAVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE From the mid 60 s until the late 80 s the population of Tel Aviv-Yafo decreases continously Rothschild blvd. , Tel Aviv during the 30 s Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

URBAN RENEWAL CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TELAVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE David Ben Gurion, Israelws first prime minister Rothschild blvd. , Tel Aviv during the 30 s Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

BUILDING RIGHTS CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TELAVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Listed buildings in central Tel-Aviv before and after conservation and addition of new floors Rothschild blvd. , Tel Aviv during the 30 s Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

ROTHSCHILD BLVD. CBD CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TELAVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Rothschild blvd. , Tel Aviv during the 30 s Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

RETURNING TO THE CITY CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TELAVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE 60 Age distribution in Tel-Aviv 50 40 % 30 20 10 0 0 -24 TLV Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv 25 -64 age 65+ Population in Israel Rothschild blvd. , Tel Aviv during the 30 s Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

BASIC DATA CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TELAVIV Total area - 52, 000 dunam Residents - 371, 000, 5. 7% out of 6. 4 m in Israel DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS Employees – 340, 000, 15% out of 2. 2 m. emp. in Israel PLANNING STRATEGIES Annual GPD person – $52, 000 vs. $17, 250 in Israel THE FUTURE TA share in the GNP – 16. 7% Daily commuters – 220, 000 Daily commuters and visitors – 1 million people Employment floor space area – 10 million sqm. Potential additional floor space possible – 8 million sqm. Number of dwelling units – 170, 000 Potential additional units possible – 70, 000 Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv Rothschild blvd. , Tel Aviv during the 30 s Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

REDISCOVERING TEL-AVIV CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TELAVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Areas planned for urban renewal Rothschild blvd. , Tel Aviv during the 30 s Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

TEL-AVIV PORT CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TELAVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Tel-Aviv Port today Tel-Aviv Port during the 30 s Rothschild blvd. , Tel Aviv during the 30 s Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

SARONA CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TELAVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES Future plans for conservation park and business district Templer house in Sarona THE FUTURE Rothschild blvd. , Tel Aviv during the 30 s Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

THE STATION DISTRICT CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TELAVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES Work on site- August 2007 Old Jaffa train station THE FUTURE Future plans for conservation park and business district Proposed plan for the station district Rothschild blvd. , Tel Aviv during the 30 s Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

GREEN TEL-AVIV Areas planned for urban renewal CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TELAVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Urban linear parks along the historic boulevards Rothschild blvd. , Tel Aviv during the 30 s Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

CYCLING TEL-AVIV CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TELAVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES % U THE FUTURE % U %U U% % U % U % U Proposed bicycle routes Urban linear parks along the historic boulevards Rothschild blvd. , Tel Aviv during the 30 s Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

DYNAMIC TEL-AVIV CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TELAVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Areas planned for urban renewal Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv Urban linear parks along the historic boulevards Rothschild blvd. , Tel Aviv during the 30 s Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

SOCIO ECONOMIC BALANCE CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TELAVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Urban linear parks along the historic boulevards Rothschild blvd. , Tel Aviv during the 30 s Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

BACK TO SQUARE ONE CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TELAVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Urban linear parks along the historic boulevards Rothschild blvd. , Tel Aviv during the 30 s Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TELAVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Urban linear parks along the historic boulevards Rothschild blvd. , Tel Aviv during the 30 s Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel