Drame Interactif Nicolas Szilas LINC Paris 8 LINC

Drame Interactif Nicolas Szilas LINC, Paris 8 LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 1

Plan 4 Qu’est-ce qu’une histoire interactive? 4 Le « paradoxe » … 4 Le point de vue Drame Interactif 4 Les approches 4 Une approche! 4 La fin du paradoxe. . . 4 Le début d’une nouvelle écriture! LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 2

Définition histoire interactive = le lecteur modifie l’histoire vs récit LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 3

Le « paradoxe » 4 Narration = suite d’événements arrangés par un auteur 4 Interaction = événements décidés par le lecteur èQui fait quoi? ? LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 4

Le drame interactif 4 Drame = le récepteur perçoit directement les événements de l’histoire 4 Exemples: théâtre, cinéma, drame radiophonique, BD, jeu vidéo 4 Drame interactif: le récepteur est un personnage (sur ordinateur. . . ) LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 5

Les approches 4 Personnages intelligents – Jeux Vidéos (Creatures, B&W, Sims, etc. ) – « Narrative characters » (Univ. Teesside) – Emergence. . . 4 (multi)linéarité générique – « Plot points » (CMU, Inesc) – Succession de scènes (B. Majerko, Facade) – Modèle de Propp (Darmstadt) 4 Simulation – Planification (Liquid Narrative, N. Sgouros) – Description structurale (U. Aalborg, IDtension) 6 LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications"

Exemple: Creatures LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 7

Exemple: Creatures LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 8

Exemple: Les Sims LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 9

Exemple: Les Sims LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 10

Exemple: Univ. of Teesside LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 11

Exemple: Univ. of Teesside LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 12

Exemple: Inesc LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 13

Exemple: Façade LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 14

Exemple: Façade LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 15

Exemple: Liquid Narrative Group LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 16

Exemple: Liquid Narrative Group Plan narratif LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 17

Exemple: Liquid Narrative Group Plan narratif + Modélisation du suspens LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 18

Exemple: IDtension. . . 4 L ’approche: Simuler le récit LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 19

Analogie LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 20

Modèle théorique Discours Intention, système de valeurs Histoire Personnages, buts, obstacles, actions, transformation, etc. Perception Cognitif, emotionnel LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 21

Architecture Actions Narratives Actions narratives: Informer Inciter Dissuader Accepter Refuser Réaliser Condamner Féliciter Joe vole les clefs à Marie n Joe accepte de voler les clefs. . . n Anne dissuade Joe de voler les clefs à Marie n n Michel informe Anne que Joe veut voler les clefs à Marie n etc. LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 22

Architecture Monde de l’histoire n Logique Narrative n Michel informe Anne que Joe veut voler les clefs à Marie n etc. Joe vole les clefs à Marie n Joe accepte de voler les clefs. . . n Anne dissuade Joe de voler les clefs à Marie LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 23

Architecture Monde de l’histoire Logique Narrative Effets narratifs Cohérence éthique Cohérence motivationelle Pertinence Complexité Caractérisation Conflit LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 24

Architecture Monde de l’histoire Modèle utilisateur Logique Narrative Séquenceur narratif LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 25

Architecture Monde de l’histoire Modèle utilisateur Logique Narrative Séquenceur narratif Théâtre LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 26

Zoom sur le monde de l’histoire ACTIONS Personnages Valeurs attt Tâches 0 Buts -1 XObstacle Y Décider Informer Inciter Dissuader Accepter Refuser Réaliser Condamner Féliciter 0 {-X} -1 {+Y} LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 27

Zoom sur le séquenceur n Cohérence éthique n Cohérence motivationnelle n Pertinence n Charge cognitive n Caractérisation n Conflit n Suspense, surprise, spectacle… LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" Réalisme Cognitifs Emotions 28

Exemple 1 attt Paul Anna Tâches Bill Mme D Joe Mr D Objectifs Acheter témoin Y XPas assez riche Témoin rétracté -1 Loi 0 Eliminer témoin {-X} vacances 0 Avoir argent {+Y} Aller à Bangkok -1 Non violence Voler la banque LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 29

Simulation: conditions initiales 4 Joe wishes to to change Mr D. ’s testimony 4 Anna and Bill know that 4 Anna knows Joe could buy Mr D. 4 Bill knows Joe could kill Mr D. LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 30

Simulation: Deux modes 4 Automatique 4 Interactif LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 31

Résultats en automatique (1/2) n n n n Anna tells Joe he could try to buy Mr D. , the witness Joe accepts Bill tells Joe to kill Mr D. Joe refuses to do that. Joe tells Anna he could kill Mr D. Anna dissuades him to do so! Joe tells Anna he wants to buy Mr D. Anna encourages him to do so Bill encourages Joe to kill Mr D. Joe meets Mr D. He proposes him some money for changing his testimony, but Mr D. wants a lot of money, and Joe is not rich enough He then decides to get money He tells Anna about it Joe tells Sylvie he could kill Mr D. Sylvie dissuades -him to "Technologies & Communications" LINC Equipe do so! 32

Résultats en automatique (1/2) n n n n Anna tells Joe he could try to buy Mr D. , the witness Joe accepts Bill tells Joe to kill Mr D. Joe refuses to do that. Joe tells Anna he could kill Mr D. Anna dissuades him to do so! Joe tells Anna he wants to buy Mr D. Anna encourages him to do so Bill encourages Joe to kill Mr D. Joe meets Mr D. He proposes him some money for changing his testimony, but Mr D. wants a lot of money, and Joe is not rich enough He then decides to get money He tells Anna about it Joe tells Sylvie he could kill Mr D. Sylvie dissuades -him to "Technologies & Communications" LINC Equipe do so! 33

Résultats en automatique (1/2) n n n n Anna tells Joe he could try to buy Mr D. , the witness Joe accepts Bill tells Joe to kill Mr D. Joe refuses to do that. Joe tells Anna he could kill Mr D. Anna dissuades him to do so! Joe tells Anna he wants to buy Mr D. Anna encourages him to do so Bill encourages Joe to kill Mr D. Joe meets Mr D. He proposes him some money for changing his testimony, but Mr D. wants a lot of money, and Joe is not rich enough He then decides to get money He tells Anna about it Joe tells Sylvie he could kill Mr D. Sylvie dissuades -him to "Technologies & Communications" LINC Equipe do so! 34

Résultats en automatique (1/2) n n n n Anna tells Joe he could try to buy Mr D. , the witness Joe accepts Bill tells Joe to kill Mr D. Joe refuses to do that. Joe tells Anna he could kill Mr D. Anna dissuades him to do so! Joe tells Anna he wants to buy Mr D. Anna encourages him to do so Bill encourages Joe to kill Mr D. Joe meets Mr D. He proposes him some money for changing his testimony, but Mr D. wants a lot of money, and Joe is not rich enough He then decides to get money He tells Anna about it Joe tells Sylvie he could kill Mr D. Sylvie dissuades -him to "Technologies & Communications" LINC Equipe do so! 35

Résultats en automatique (1/2) n n n n Anna tells Joe he could try to buy Mr D. , the witness Joe accepts Bill tells Joe to kill Mr D. Joe refuses to do that. Joe tells Anna he could kill Mr D. Anna dissuades him to do so! Joe tells Anna he wants to buy Mr D. Anna encourages him to do so Bill encourages Joe to kill Mr D. He proposes him some money for changing Joe meets Mr D. his testimony, but Mr D. wants a lot of money, D. He proposes him some money for changing his testimony, but Mr and Joe is not rich enough wants a lot of money, and Joe is not He then decides to get money He tells Anna about it Joe tells Sylvie he could kill Mr D. Sylvie dissuades -him to "Technologies & Communications" LINC Equipe do so! 36

Résultats en automatique (1/2) n n n n Anna tells Joe he could try to buy Mr D. , the witness Joe accepts Bill tells Joe to kill Mr D. Joe refuses to do that. Joe tells Anna he could kill Mr D. Anna dissuades him to do so! Joe tells Anna he wants to buy Mr D. Anna encourages him to do so Bill encourages Joe to kill Mr D. Joe meets Mr D. He proposes him some money for changing his testimony, but Mr D. wants a lot of money, and Joe is not rich enough He then decides to get money He tells Anna about it Joe tells Sylvie he could kill Mr D. Sylvie dissuades -him to "Technologies & Communications" LINC Equipe do so! 37

Résultats en automatique (2/2) n n n n Joe tells her he is trying to get money He tells Bill too about it Bill inform him that he could rob the bank Joe accepts. He tells Anna he wants to rob the bank Joe tells Anna he wants to rob the bank Anna encourages him to do it He tells Bill about his intention two Bill encourages to do it He tells Sylvie about his intention Sylvie dissuades him to do so Sylvie dissuades him to do it Joe robs the bank, and he is successful He pays Mr D. He obtains the withdrawal of testimony from MR D. LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 38

Résultats en automatique (2/2) n n n n Joe tells her he is trying to get money He tells Bill too about it Bill inform him that he could rob the bank Joe accepts. He tells Anna he wants to rob the bank Anna encourages him to do it He tells Bill about his intention two Bill encourages to do it He tells Sylvie about his intention Sylvie dissuades him to do so Joe robs the bank, and he is successful He pays Mr D. He obtains the withdrawal of testimony from MR D. LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 39

Résultats en interactif Premier coup: n n n Anna tells Joe he could try to buy Mr D. , the witness Joe tells Bill he could buy Mr D. Joe tells Sylvie he could buy Mr D. Joe tells Mr D. he wishes to change Mr D. ’s testimony Joe tells Mrs D. he wishes to change Mr D. ’s testimony Joe accepts to buy Mr D. LINC Joe refuses. Equipebuy Mr D. to "Technologies & Communications" 40

Résultats en interactif Deuxième coup: Bill tells Joe to kill Mr D. n n n Joe tells Anna he wants to buy Mr D. Joe tells Bill he wants to buy Mr D. Joe tells Sylvie he wants to buy Mr D. Joe tells Mr D. he wants to buy Mr D. Joe tells Mrs D. he wants to buy Mr D. Joe tells Anna he could kill Mr D. Joe tells Sylvie he could kill Mr D. Joe tells Mr D. he wishes to change Mr D. ’s testimony Joe tells Mrs D. he wishes to change Mr D. ’s testimony Joe accepts to kill Mr D. Joe refuses. LINCkill Mr D. to - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 41

Exemple 2 émeute Commandant neutralisé non_violence 0 enfermé: ~AVOIR(acteur, crochet); pas_assez_nombreux: nbre amis enfermés<2 nbre amis non enfermés <1 -0, 5 -1 LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 42

honnetete 0 demander Exemple 2 -0, 5 refus_pas_amis: affinité(acteur, possesseur)<0. 8 -1 non_violence mauvais_orateur: competence(acteur, parler)<0. 6 Posséder poignarder S pas_de_couteau: ~AVOIR(acteur, couteau); 0 voler -0, 5 -1 {+AVOIR(acteur, chose_convoitee)} échanger reaction_victime refus_echange: affinité( acteur, possesseur)<0. 5 LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 43

Le « paradoxe » Intention, système de valeurs Discours 4 Narration = Personnages, buts, Histoire obstacles, actions, suite d’événements arrangés par un auteur transformation attt Paul Anna Bill Cognitif, emotionnel 0 Loi Tâches Eliminer témoin Acheter témoin Y X Pas assez riche Joe Mr D Objectifs Témoin rétracté Voler la banque {-X} vacances 0 Avoir argent {+Y} Aller à Bangkok -1 Non violence -1 4 Interaction = Perception événements décidés par le lecteur Mme D LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 44

Ecrire avec IDtension Paramètres Monde de l’histoire Modèle utilisateur Logique Surface text Narrative Séquenceur narratif Théâtre LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 45

Retour d’expérience n Logique Narrative Spatial vs temporel Eclatement entre la structure et la forme n Modèle utilisateur n n Monde de l’histroire Abstraction Raisonnement à partir de fragments d’histoires Séquenceur narratif Théâtre LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 46

Linéarisation / délinéarisation papier crayon ordinateur Representation abstraite de l’histoire Fragments d’histoire Expérience Interactive LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 47

Conclusion 4 L’histoire interactive est possible 4… mais challenge technique: 4 Agents (très) intelligents 4 Modélisation complète du récit 4 Problèmes d’interface 4 Challenge d’écriture LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 48

Pour en savoir plus. . . www. idtension. com LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 49

Liens 4 Général: www. interactivestory. net/links. html 4 Jeu: thesims. ea. com/ blackandwhite. ea. com/ 4 Drame interactif gaips. inesc. pt/teatrix/ www. quvu. net/interactivestory. net/ (Façade) www. zgdv. de/zgdv/departments/z 5/index_html_en liquidnarrative. csc. ncsu. edu/ www. idtension. com LINC - Equipe "Technologies & Communications" 50