Dr. Martin Beck KAS Amman European. Foreign. Policytowards the Middle. East Revisited Amman/Beirut, June 2 nd, 2011
Content 1. Introduction 2. The European approach towards the Middle East since the 1970 s 3. Why did the EU policies towards the Middle East not match the ideals of a Civilian Power? 4. Lessons to be learned by the Europeans and what the Arabs could do to support a successful learning process.
1. Introduction • European self-image: “Civilian Power“ • Problems in the past in terms of European policy towards the Middle East: - Inconsistencies in the approach Hostile Realities on the ground Hostile international environment • As a result of the recent Arab Uprising: - Both opportunities and challenges are ahead
2. The European approach towards the Middle East since the 1970 s • 2. 1 “Civilian Power” Concept: homo sociologicus rather than homo oeconomicus - self-image - logic of appropriateness rather than logic of consequentiality • - 2. 2 Historic Roots Up to the 1960 s: UK, F: Imperialism; Ger: Israel only - 1970 s: European Political Cooperation (EPC) - 1977 -80: Camp David (US) versus Venice (Europe) - 1990 s: Heydays and Failure - European Mediterranean Policy (EMP) - Oslo Peace Process
3. Why did the EU Policiestowardsthe Middle. East not match the ideals of a “Civilian. Power“? 3. 1 Home-grown problems of the EU - Solo attempts of member states - “special relationships“: F, UK, Ger 3. 2 Hostile environment in the Middle East (before 2011!) - contradiction between democratisation and stability limited power not using its limited power in an efficient way • 3. 3 Hostile international environment: - Special relationship between the US and Israel (plus Saudi Arabia)
4. Lessonsto be learnedby the Europeansand what the Arabs could do to supporta successfullearningprocess • To the Europeans: - Embrace the Arab movements for democratisation. - Accept that democratisation processes increase instability in the short and medium term. - Avoid national solo attempts. - Get engaged in a critical dialogue with Islamist groups. - Walk the talk of a two-state settlement for the Israeli-Palestinian conflict based on the borders of 1967. - Try to coordinate with the US, at the same time propel them towards an approach compatible with the principles of a “civilian power. “
4. Lessonsto be learnedby the Europeansand what the Arabs could do to supporta succesfullearningprocess • To the Arabs: - Accept that the European support to the democratisation process is limited. - Accept European engagement based on the values of a “civilian power. “ - Avoid bypassing the EU by approaching single European states. - Accept that the EU should establish friendly relations with all groups who attempt to get engaged in an Arab democratisation process. - Accept the state of Israel within the borders of 1949 without ifs and buts— when the EU recognises a Palestinian state within the borders of 1967. - Accept that an effective European policy towards the Middle East requires coordination with the US.
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