Do Now 1 4 details that you observe

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Do Now 1. 4 details that you observe 2. 2 connections (what do those details represent in historical context? ) 3. What message is the cartoonist sending?

Do Now 1. One of the first things Gerald Ford did when he became president was pardon Richard Nixon. Many Americans reacted negatively to this. Do you think the pardon was necessary to “heal” from Watergate or did it let Nixon off too easy? 2. In January 1977, Jimmy Carter got out of his limo and walked during his inauguration. What does this show about his personality and his approach to the presidency?

Do Now Review for your quiz tomorrow! Find three key terms from anywhere in chapter 19 and define them.

“The Ford and Carter Years” 1974 to 1981

I. ) Economic Machine Slows A. President Ford faces: 1. Rough Economy a. high inflation b. high unemployment c. energy problems: OPEC oil embargo d. public distrust of govt. On the Watergate Scandal: “ Our long national nightmare is over” After becoming vice president: “I’m a Ford, not a Lincoln” STAGFLATION

II. ) Ford’s Policy A. September 8, 1974: President Ford pardons Nixon - “it could go on and on, or someone must write the end to it” B. Economy: 1. “Whip Inflation Now” (WIN): Ford calls Americans to cut back use of oil and gas (fails) 2. “Tight Money Policy”: cut govt. spending & higher interest rates Outcome: worst economic recession in 40 years

C. Foreign Policy: 1. Henry Kissinger remains secretary of state 2. Détente: negotiates with China & Soviet Union 3. Helsinki Accords: 35 Cold War nations agree to cooperation & human rights Outcome: Ford’s greatest accomplishment although the Soviets didn’t keep their promise 4. Cambodia seizes Mayaguez, American cargo ship 5. South Vietnam surrenders; Congress sends no aide

III. ) Election of 1976 Republican Nominee: Gerald Ford Democratic Nominee: Jimmy Carter “I will never lie to the American people” Election Day Results: Jimmy Carter wins with 40. 8 million votes to Gerald Fords 39. 1 million

IV. ) Carter Faces Problems A. Energy Crisis: 1. dependence on foreign oil Outcome: Department of Energy B. Economic Crisis: 1. violence in Middle East produces fuel shortage in U. S. 2. inflation rises from 7. 6% to 11. 3% in 1979; 14% 1980 3. Standard of living goes from 1 st to 5 th place in world

3. Changing Economy a. fewer manufacturing jobs; more service jobs b. overseas competition

V. ) Carter’s Policy A. Civil Rights: 1. administration include more African-Americans and women than any before 2. Regents of UC v. Bakke: upheld affirmative action B. Human Rights & Foreign Policy: 1. “powerful must not persecute the weak” 2. use moral principles as guide (Wilson) 3. commit to promoting human rights

C. Establishing Human Rights Foreign Policy: 1. 1977 U. S. & Panama Treaty (U. S. give up ownership of Panama Canal Dec. 31. 1999) Outcome: improves U. S. -Latin American relations 2. Carter called out the USSR on human rights violations end Détente & raise Cold War tensions 1. Soviet invasion of Afghanistan 2. SALT II signed by Carter/Brezhnev but not ratified by Senate 3. U. S. boycotts the summer Olympics in 1980 in Moscow

D. Camp David Accords: 1. 1977: peace negotiations begin between Israel (Menachem Begin) and Egypt (Anwar el-Sadat) 2. 1978: Carter, Sadat, & Begin meet at Camp David & agree D. Israel withdraws from Sinai & Egypt recognizes Israel E. Iran Hostage Crisis: 1. Jan. 1979: revolution in Iran overthrows the western-friendly shah of Iran with Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini 2. Nov. 4, 1979: 52 Americans taken hostage from U. S. embassy in Tehran 3. Outcome: negotiations for 444 days result in release Jan. 20, 1981

F. Malaise Speech 1. “crisis of confidence”, negative view of American place in the world and culture 2. inexperience and inability to work with Congress

VI. ) The “Me” Decade • New Age Movement – spiritual enlightenment in everyday life – Zen, yoga, martial arts, chanting, crystals, astrology, reincarnation • New religions – Eastern mystical religions taught by gurus like Maharishi Mahesh Yogi

VII). Family Life • Smaller families • More women joining workforce • Divorce rate doubled

VIII). Television • All in the Family – Archie Bunker tackled liberal ideas, racism, feminism, other sensitive issues and prejudices • The Jeffersons • Maude • Good Times

IX). Music and Fads • Youth and protest movements Disco • Songs without a message – Barry Manilow, John Denver, ABBA, the Eagles • Dance music in disco nightclubs – Saturday Night Fever • Skateboards, mood rings, “CB” radios, pet rocks, aerobics = exercise while having fun!

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