DNA in the Cell Inside the nucleus are

DNA in the Cell Inside the nucleus are _______, which house DNA Chromosome made from ___________. Coils DNA so it can ______ into a cell Each chromosome consists of _________ called __________ Center of the chromosome is called the ______

Number & Types of Chromosomes Sex chromosomes determine the sex of an organism XX = _______ XY = _______ All other chromosomes are called ________ Homologous Chromosomes • Each organism gets _____ of each autosome; ___from mom and ___ from dad (___ total) chromosomes; ______ pairs in humans) • Each 2 paired chromosomes are called ___________chromosomes • Homologous chromosomes carry ______ for the ___________

Homologous Chromosomes

Diploid & Haploid Cells Diploid Cells with _____copies of each chromosome Haploid Cells with ______ copy of each chromosome Most cells in the body are ________ Sex cells (sperm & egg) are _________

Diploid & Haploid Cells

Why Do Cells Divide? 1. Get _________ (take in more nutrients than they can metabolize) 2. ___________ Need replacement 3. Surface to volume ratio; ________ volume, ________________ When do cells divide? Depends on the __________ (days, weeks, months, some never divide) Cell Cycle Cells will _____________

Cell Division in Prokaryotes Prokaryote _________________ Binary Fission _________, cell doubles in size and _________

Stages of Cell Cycle in Eukaryotes Interphase Growth Phase • G 1(Gap 1) rapid __________ + synthesis of organelles • S (Synthesis) Replication _________ • G 2 (Gap 2) -> Formation of ________ + preparation for ________ Mitosis DNA, which has been replicated needs to be _________ to each new cell

Stages of Mitosis Prophase Chromatin _____ (chromosomes) & nucleus _____ Spindle fibers (microtubules) ____& move chromosomes Metaphase Spindles align chromosomes in the ___________ Anaphase Centromeres divide and sister ___________ Chromatids move _______________ Telophase Chromosomes arrive at ________________ Nucleus __________ Spindle __________ Cell splits (_________)

Stages of Mitosis

Cytokinesis Animal Cell _________ pinches one cell into 2 cells Plant Cell _______ makes new cell wall; _________

Mitosis Animation

Additional Mitosis Vocabulary G 0 Phase Cell is neither ___________ Centrioles Ropes that ________ around the cell

Difference Between Plant Cell & Animal Cell Mitosis • Plant cells are surrounded by a tough outer case called a _________ • Animal cells are surrounded by a soft outer case called a ____________ • The first _____ of mitosis in plant and animal cells are the same Telophase Animal Cell Formation of a _____________ Plant Cell Formation of ____

Meiosis Vocabulary • Diploid Cells cells with _________ of chromosome (___ from mom and _____ from dad) • n= number of ____ of chromosomes • Diploid Cells = _____ • Zygote = ________ • Gametes= _____ sex cells • Fertilization= union of _________ • Sexual Reproduction Parents generate _____________

Meiosis Getting from diploid to haploid cells: ________ Where does it occur in humans? Males _______ Females _____

Meiosis Overview Meiosis I • Diploid cells splits into ___________ Meiosis II • 2 haploid daughter cells ___________ • Forms ______ sex cells • Same as _______

Meiosis I Prophase I Homologous chromosomes pair together (called __________) Each homologous pair of chromosomes is called a __________ Some ___________ break off and attach to adjacent homologous chromatids (_________________) Crossing Over creates new genetic combinations Metaphase I Homologous chromosomes line up in the _________ of the cell Anaphase I Homologous ___________ move to opposite poles of the cell Random separation of homologous chromosomes is called Independent Assortment Telophase I Chromosomes reach opposite __________ of the cell ____________ begins

Meiosis I

Meiosis II 2 __________ go through the process of mitosis & cell division End result of meiosis II is ___________ Gamete Formation In males meiosis creates _____ sperm cells (called ___________) In females the cytoplasm is ______ divided so that only ____ big cell is formed, along with _____ other __________

Meiosis II

Meiosis Animation