DNA DATABASE EXPANSION 2001 CODIS Conference Washington D

DNA DATABASE EXPANSION 2001 CODIS Conference Washington D. C. October 29, 2001 Presented by Tim Schellberg, JD - Smith Alling Lane, P. S. Tacoma, WA (253) 627 -1091 Washington, DC (202) 258 -2301 tims@smithallinglane. com

Reviewing DNA Database Expansion Legislation in 1999 and 2000 z 1999 - Estimated 10 states introduced bills and 6 passed z 2000 - 19 States introduced bill and 8 passed z. Identified trends in 1999 & 2000 Steady, yet conservative growth Focus on violent crimes and burglary Very few states considering all felons State and federal legislators starting to fund DNA databasing

DNA Database Expansion (2000) In 2000, 19 states introduced legislation to expand the offenders from whom DNA samples are required PASSED (8) DID NOT PASS (11) Arizona -- Most non-drug related felonies Alaska -- Burglary Colorado -- Most non-drug related felonies Connecticut-- Fingerprintable arrests Florida -- Burglary Georgia -- All felony convictions New Jersey -- Several violent felonies South Carolina -- Most non-drug related felonies California -- All felony convictions Hawaii -- Most violent crimes Kentucky -- Most violent crimes Mississippi -- All felony convictions New York -- All misdemeanor and felony convictions Pennsylvania -- Most violent crimes South Dakota - Most non-drug related felonies Ohio -- Most non-drug related felonies West Virginia -- Most non-drug related felonies Rhode Island -- Breaking and entering & assault Washington -- All felony convictions

DNA Database Expansion in the 2001 Legislature F F F F Current all-felons states Passed 2001 Legislation F Pending 2001 Legislation Defeated 2001 Legislation 35 states have introduced over 110 bills to expand the state offender DNA database to include more felons. Of these states, 25 have introduced bills to expand the DNA database to include all convicted felons.

2001 Expansion Bills Alaska SB 99 - Halford & Murkowski Burglary Passed Arkansas HB 1376 - Hunt Burglary Passed HB 1259 - Verkamp All Felons Failed Arizona SB 1171 - Smith All Felons Failed California AB 673 - Migden Burglary, robbery, arson, Passed carjacking Colorado HB 1130 - Grossman All Felons Passed Connecticut SB 89 - Brien Violent felonies, burglary Failed Delaware HB 4 - Ewing All Felons Failed Florida SB 366 - Villalobos & Silver All Felons Passed Hawaii Multiple bills (HB -1577 Marumoto) All Felons Failed Iowa HF 254 - Baudler All Felons Failed Illinois HB 452 - Lyons Stalking, concealment of a Passed homicide Indiana SB 316 - Alexa Probationers & parolees Passed Kansas SB 263 - Felciano Burglary, misdemeanor Passed sex offenses Kentucky HB 33 - Younts All Felons Failed Maine LD 1565 - Carr Class A, B & C crimes Passed Michigan Multiple bills All Felons Passed (Van Regenmorter, Faunce, Kooiman, others)

2001 Expansion Bills Minnesota Multiple bills All Felons Failed Mississippi Missouri Multiple bills HB 835 - Boucher All Felons Failed Montana HB 359 - Clark All Felons Passed North Carolina HB 1127 - Blust All Felons Pending North Dakota HB 1208 - Klemin Violent felons, burglary Passed New Hampshire SB 30 - Hollingworth Murder, assault, arson, rob. Failed New Jersey SB 2236 - Bucco Robbery, carjacking, criminal Pending restraint Nevada AB 489 - Gustavson A, B & C felonies Passed New York SB 5640 All Felons Pending Oklahoma SB 753 - Wilkerson Robbery, burglary, kidnap, Passed maiming Oregon SB 920 HB 2664 - Minnis and Winters All Felons Passed Pennsylvania SB 259 - Dent Burglary Pending Rhode Island SB 92 - Brien Crimes of violence Passed South Carolina SB 492 - Mc. Connell 2 nd degree burglary Passed Texas HB 588 - Garcia All Felons Passed SB 638 - Barrientos Indictments for certain crimes Passed Washington HB 1335 - Miloscia All Felons Failed West Virginia HB 2456 - Pino Arson, burglary, forgery Failed

Failed X Senate Bill 1171 (Smith) -- All felons. Collection, but no analysis

Passed House Bill 1130 (Grossman) -- All felons. In custody of Department of Corrections Allocates anticipated federal funding

Passed Senate Bill 366 (Villalobos & Silver) -- All felons. Phased in over 4 years Subject to specific appropriation

Passed Senate Bill 316 (Alexa) Obtains samples from specified offenders not in the custody of the Department of Corrections.

Passed Legislative Document 1565 (Carr) -- Class A, B & C Crimes. Expands offenses for databasing, but repeals current law that requires collection from juveniles. Opposed by the state crime lab - the reduction of juveniles will be greater than the expansion of crimes for databasing.

Passed Multiple all felon bills. Very Comprehensive Some misdemeanor Adds Juveniles Seems to have aggressive agency support

Failed X House Bill 440 (Boucher) -- All felons. Defeated at the last minute Agency did not support the bill

Passed Two Bills House Bill 588 (Garcia) -- All felons. Not retroactive No juveniles Contingent on federal or “other” funding Penalties for misuse of data Senate Bill 638 (Barrientos) -- Indictments for certain sex crimes and burglary. Where is murder and robbery? What will the courts do? Can federal money be used?

FY 2002 Federal Funding Outlook for DNA z. Congressional Budget (Pre-Conference) HOUSE PROPOSAL: $40 Million for DNA Backlog Elimination $35 Million for Crime Lab Improvement Program (CLIP) SENATE PROPOSAL $70 Million for CLIP/DNA Program (over $17 million earmarked)

Trends From 2001 Legislatures z. All-Felons In 2000, only 5 states attempted the all- felons legislation. This year, 25 states introduced the all-felons legislation. z. Less Active Opposition The Texas ACLU decided to not oppose the allfelons bill

All-Felons DNA Database Expansion in the 2001 Legislature Introduced all-felons legislation in 2001 Introduced all felons legislation in 2000 Already require DNA samples from all felons 2000 2001 5 all-felons bills introduced 25 all-felons bills introduced

Trends (continued) z. Secure authority now and worry about the implementation ($$) later z. State reliance on federal funding z. Legislatures rejecting arrestee databasing

What a difference a year makes! z. In 2000 only 8 states passed DNA expansion bills. In 2001 an estimated 22 states will pass expansion legislation. y. Why the change? Ü New data Ü Success of the database Ü Citizen demand

DNA Database Expansion Successes: Past, Present, Future 1999 (6 states) 2000 (8 states) 2001 (22 states, est. )

Policy Concerns Developing in 2001 z. Non-retroactive. z. Limiting collection to those in the custody of the Corrections Department. z. Exempting juveniles (Maine and Texas).

Arrestee Testing z. Political Reality ÔVery few state legislatures will pass arrestee databasing legislation. z. How can arrestee testing work around the legislature? Collect DNA upon arrest, compare to unsolved database, then discard if not convicted of qualifying offense. No databasing means no legislation is needed.

Arrestee Testing, cont. y. Benefit - Ensure that suspect in custody is not wanted for other unsolved crime y. Considerations 3 City and County law enforcement would run program. 3 Change in federal CODIS statute would enhance results. 3 Would states law allow it? • Statutes? • State Constitutions? 3 Should local agencies create their own arrestee databases?

Arrestee Testing, cont. y. Creating the model pilot for arrestee testing Large urban city or county P. D. A significant database of unsolved DNA cases should exist in the state where pilot is located City or county operates own laboratory

Discussions of DNA for visa background checks raises another question. . . “Have we ever considered taking DNA for criminal background checks in the United States? ” Currently, millions of Americans provide fingerprints prior to employment for criminal background checks. Should they also have their DNA checked against the unsolved database?

Forensic DNA in Other Parts of the World

ANNOUNCEMENT z. Smith Alling Lane is pleased to welcome Chris Asplen, currently the Executive Director on the Future of DNA Evidence. y. Effective January 2002, Chris will join Smith Alling Lane where he will focus on development of forensic DNA policy in Europe. He will be located in London, England.

Questions Tim Schellberg, J. D. - Smith Alling Lane, P. S. Washington DC (202) 258 -2301 Tacoma, WA (253) 627 -1091 tims@smithallinglane. com