disunion The Compromise 1 California

disunion

• The Compromise 1. California = free state 2. Mexican Cession = Utah and New Mexico w/pop. sovereignty 3. Texas western border and debts settled 4. Slave trade ends in D. C. 5. Fugitive Slave Act 6. Taylor NO but Fillmore YES

Fugitive Slave Law • South’s part of Comp. of 1850 • Aka. “Bloodhound Bill” and “Man Stealing Law” 1. Fed. Commissioners … warrants, posses, compel citizens to aid in capture (fine or imprisonment) 2. Comm. paid $5 if freed $10 sent … 3. No jury or testify in own defense

Reaction … • Clay gets credit for saving Union! • Underground Railroad heats up • Boston … “went to bed…old fashion, conservative, compromise Union Whigs waked and waked stark mad Abolitionists!” • Personal liberty laws • Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin

How much of a difference? • William Lloyd Garrison’s The Liberator 1831 • “I am in earnest …I will be heard. ” • American Colonization Society (1816) … Liberia … • 1840 … 93% northern free blacks legally disenfranchised • The more escaping North brought increasing white fear and racism. • So importance of Stowe’ writing?

expansionism • For Country or the South? • William Walker’s escapades • 1850 Clayton-Bulwar Treaty • Ostend Manifesto • Perry and Japan 1852

Kansas-Nebraska act 1854 • Stephen Douglas is “the Little Giant” • Transcontinental RR • Gadsden Purchase • LA Territory=2 parts 1. Nebraska&Kansas 2. Popular sovereignty

Bleeding Kansas • • 1. 2. New England Emigrant Aid Co. 1860 census 2 slaves/107, 000 KN 1855 Missouri Border Ruffians 2 governments Topeka Lecompton …Constitution “with or without” vote 3. Democrats split

• 1856 Lawrence Massacre • Beecher’s Bibles • John Brown • Pottawatomie Creek • “bleeding Congress” • Charles Sumner’s • “Crime Against Kansas” speech • Preston Brooks

1856 election • Dems look for someone kansasless • James Buchanan #15 • Vs. Republican (free soil not abolitionists) John Fremont • Vs. Know-Nothings’ Fillmore (WASPs)

Dred Scott v Sanford • 1857 1. Since he was a slave … he was not a citizen … hence he could not file lawsuit 2. Slave is property (5 th amend) 3. Congress could NOT outlaw slavery in a territory … only state legislature could

Lincoln – Douglas Debates • 1858 Illinois US Senate election • Douglas, seasoned national pol. • Lincoln, lackluster pol. career • “House Divided Speech” • Freeport Doctrine • Finally the issues debated but …

Harpers Ferry • • • 1859 VA (now W. VA) Federal arsenal Disastrous failure Trial= insanity? = guilty = hung = martyrdom • South appalled

1860 Election • Dems split completely 1. John Breckinridge (KY) S 2. Stephen Douglas (IL) N • Republican Abe Lincoln • Constitutional Union Party John Bell (TN)

Worst Case Scenerio • Population the key • Perceptions vs. reality • SC’s “duty” call • Crittendon Compromise last chance • Secession begins, Dec. 20, 1860 • Feb. , ’ 61 Jeff Davis “President”