Disaster Management System of the Republic of Korea

Disaster Management System of the Republic of Korea for the MPAT Conference in Seoul January 15, 2002 by Dugkeun Park, Ph. D. National Institute for Disaster Prevention The Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs 1

Contents 1. Organization and Functions of MOGAHA 2. Organization and Mission of Headquarters of Civil Defense and Disaster Management ○ Disaster Management System ○ Natural Disaster ○ Man-made Disaster ○ Fire Safety 1. Cooperation with other organizations 2

Organization and Functions of MOGAHA 3

1. Main Functions • Local Autonomy Administration • National Administration ○ Management of Protocol & State Council, and Awards & Decoration ○ Management of Gov’t Employees & Organization, and Training of Human Resources ○ Responsible for Administrative Efficiency & Informatization ○ Gov’t Archives & Records Services, and Gov’t Building Management Service ○ Support of Local Autonomy System ○ Pursue Sound Local Finances and Local Tax ○ Management of Local Tax Law Functions ○ Management of Civil Defense Regulation & Corps ○ Disaster Prevention and Recovery ○ Firefighting and Emergency Rescue • Civil Defense & Disaster Management 4

2. Organization Minister Office of Public Affairs Vice Minister Assistant Minister Planning & Management Office of Protocol & State Council Office of Emergency Planning Office of Public Service Inspection Office of Public Information Planning National Institute for Disaster Prevention Central Officials’ Training Institute Government Archives & Records Service National Institute of Professional Adm. Appeals Commission 5 Provinces of North Korea Personnel Bureau Administrative Management Bureau Local Finance & Local Tax Bureau Headquarters of CDDM Civil Defense & Disaster Management Bureau Disaster Prevention Bureau Fire Administration Bureau 5

3. Number of Staff: 2, 260 r Main Office: 774 ○ 2 Political, 18 Special, 608 Regular, 38 Fire, and 108 Technical r Attached Office: 1, 486 ○ 8 Political, 68 Special, 761 Regular, 98 Fire, 11 Contract, 13 Education, Police, and 518 Technical 4. Budget: 14. 3 billion (9. 2% of the National Budget) r Central: $2. 1 bil. (14. 6%) r Local Supportive: $12. 2 bil. (85. 4%) ○ Subsidy : $7. 6 billion ○ Concession : $3. 9 billion ○ National Aid : $0. 5 billion 6

Local Governments r Total Number: 248 ○ 1 Special City, 6 Metropolitan Cities, 9 Provinces, and 232 Municipals r Staffs: 250, 822 ○ Municipal: 185, 549 and Others: 65, 273 r Budget: $55. 5 billion ○ The General Account: $40. 5 billion The Special Account: $15. 0 billion ※ Budget Ratio Between Central and Local Government = 69 : 31 7

Organization and Mission of the Headquarters of Civil Defense & Disaster Management 8

1. Organizational Chart HQ of CDDM Bureau DPP Bureau FA Bureau Civil Defense & Planning Disaster Prevention & Fire Administration Planning Civil Defense Disaster Preparedness Management Disaster Rehabilitation · Central Civil Defense Alert Control: 21 · National Institute for Disaster Prevention: 26 Fire Suppression Fire Prevention Rescue & Emergency · Central Rescue HQ: 4 · National Fire Service Academy: 38 · National 119 Rescue 9 Service: 68

2. Mission r Civil Defense & Disaster Management Bureau ○ Management & Education of Civil Defense Corps ○ Countermeasures for Man-made Disasters (explosion, Collapse, etc. ) r Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Bureau ○ Cope with Natural Disasters (Typhoon, Earthquake, Drought, etc. ) ○ Operation of the National Disaster Prevention & Countermeasures Headquarters when a Disaster Strikes or is Imminent to Occur r Fire Administration Bureau ○ Prevention & Suppression of Fire and Emergency Rescue & Medical Services 10

3. Staffs : 289 r Main Office : 167 ○ 108 Regular, 38 Fire, 19 Technical, & 2 Special r Attached Office : 122 ○ 17 Regular, 98 Fire, & 7 Technical 4. Budget : $ 199 Million r Central Budget : $ 58 Million r Local Supportive Budget : $141 Million ※ In Addition to this, Disaster Recovery Budget of about $880 Million per Year 11

Disaster Management System of the Republic of Korea 12

1. System of Disaster Management r Development of Dual System for Disaster Management Natural Most Urgent to Prevent, Manage, & Recover in the 1960 s since Majority of Catastrophes were Natural Disasters, such as Typhoons & Torrential Rains Natural Disaster Management (since 1967) Natural Man-made In the Course of Growth-Oriented Economic Development, Industrialization increased the Potential of Man -made Disasters, such as Explosion & Building Collapse Man-made Disaster Man-made Management (after 1995) 13

r Management System Item Category Natural • Typhoon, Flood, Blizzard, Drought, Earthquake, etc. Man-made • Fire, Explosion, Chemical Attack, Oil Spill, etc. • Disaster Management Act (Enacted on July 18, 1995) Defense Legislation • NDC Act (Amended on Dec. 7, 1995) • National SC HQ (Competent • Council of Central Civil Recovery Operation System (Prime Minister) • National Disaster Prevention & Countermeasures HQ (MOGAHA) • Local SC HQ (Provinces, Cities) Other Ministries ※ Action of Emergency Rescue HQ 14

2. Natural Disaster r Statistics ○ 7 Flood Damages & 3 Typhoons Each Year ○ Property Damage of $611 Million (0. 14% of the GNP) & 142 Deaths ※ Damage and Recovery Cost in the Last 10 Years (1990 -1999) ◆ Damage Cost < Unit: Million $> Death Displaced Inundation (ha) 142 ◆ 37, 184 60, 475 House Farm Crop Public Facility Other Total 12 41 20 429 108 611 Recovery Cost < Unit: Million $> Total National Treasury Local Treasury Loan Self 883 552 149 82 100 15

2. Natural Disaster r Structural Preventive Measures ○ Investment of $34. 4 Billion on 22 Projects Based on the Fifth Basic Disaster Prevention Plan from 1997∼ 2001 • 8 Projects: $9. 6 Billion Control Project - Dam (8), River Improvement (3, 109 km), Creek Repair (1, 200 km), Seawall Repair (1, 204), Forestation (560 ha), Fishing Port (127), Harbor (13, 797 m) • 11 Projects: $21. 6 Billion Mitigation Project Technical Project - Road Repair (57, 400㎞), Bridge & Tunnel (4, 427), Farmland Infiltration (29, 000㏊), Railway (383), Power Plant & Mine (8, 869), Communication Facility, Drought Control (MOAF, • 3 Projects: $215 Million Aged Fishing Boat, ME), Flood Warning System, - Development of Natural Disaster Mitigation Techniques, Modernization of Weather Forecast Equipment, Establishment 16 of National Safety Management Information System

2. Natural Disaster r Non-structural Preventive Measures in Enforced Disaster Prevention Plan Disaster Impact Assessment • Basic Plan: Established Every 5 Years (Currently the 5 th is Acting) • Implementation Plan: Every Year (National, Local) • For Urban, Industrial Complex, & Other Development Larger than 1. 8㎢ since 1996 • Study for the “Pre-consideration Regulation” to Cover Smaller Area • Period: From March to May Every Year Disaster Provision • Contents - Maintenance of Disaster Prone Areas & Facilities - Management of Large Construction Site, Reservation 17 Equipment for Emergency Relief, Preparation of

2. Natural Disaster r Non-structural Preventive Measures in Enforced Designation • To Expedite First-aid Assistance & Order of “Off. Limits” Area Evacuation Saving Lives in Public Area • Status : 169 Sites in 13 Cities & Provinces - 51 Gorges, 38 Rivers, 36 Coastal Areas, 44 Others • Strengthen Resistance Design Code for 20 Earthquake Damage Mitigation Structures - 12 (Nuclear Power Plant, High Rise BLD) by 1999 - 8 Structures (City Railway, etc. ) by 2000 • Survey of Existing Structures’ Resistance 18

2. Natural Disaster r Non-structural Preventive Measures in Enforced • Automated Disaster Status Compilation System - Automatic Data Compilation of 232 Districts Strengthen • Installation of Automated Rainfall Warning System Disaster - Completed in 15 Sites out of 115 Sites Information • Portable Disaster Image Transmission System Conveyance - Operation in 232 District of 16 Cities & Provinces • Simultaneous Voice Command Telephone System - Completed in 46 out of 232 Districts 19

2. Natural Disaster r Non-structural Preventive Measures in Planning • Feasibility Study for Insurance Program Introduction - Contract Unit, Type, Purpose, Coverage, of Natural Disaster Insurance Role of the Government, etc. • Background Preparation for Implementation - Regulation Setup for Introduction and Operation of the Insurance Program, etc. Preparation • Systematic Management of Flood Map and Previous Inundation Record of the Flood • Manual for Field Survey of Disaster Damage Map • Database Computer System for Each River Basin 20

2. Natural Disaster r Non-structural Preventive Measures in Planning Retention & Infiltration of Rainfall • Researches on Rainfall Retention & Infiltration Facility Installation Method • Deploy Pilot Facilities and Prepared Regulations for Implementation Improve Survey & Recovery Procedures for Public Facilities • Improvement of Disaster Recovery System • Improvement of Damage Estimation Method • Development of SOP for Preparedness, etc. 21

2. Natural Disaster r Disaster Status Control Normal Period q Three Shifts round-the-clock with 4 Staffs Each - 3 from MOGAHA & 1 from KMA r Normal Situation : 6 staffs on 24 -hour shifts - 3 from MOGAHA & 3 from KMA, KEPC, & KWRC Disaster Preparedness Period (June 15∼ October 15) r Emergency Situation ○ Preparatory Phase (Heavy Rainfall or Typhoon Advisory) ☞ 16 Staffs - 13 from MOGAHA & 3 Related Agencies ○ Alert Phase (Heavy Rainfall or Typhoon Warning) ☞ 34 Staffs - 20 from MOGAHA & 14 Related Agencies ○ Emergency Phase (Nationwide Disaster) ☞ 52 Staffs - 29 from MOGAHA & 23 Related Agencies ※ Similar Operation in Local Headquarters 22

2. Natural Disaster r Disaster Response Relevant Ministries & Corporations i. e. , Korean Meteorological Agency (Satellite Imagery), Min. of Defense, Korea Red Cross, etc. Cooperation National Disaster Prevention and Countermeasures Headquarters Order Report Municipal/Provincial Disaster Countermeasures HQ Order Report City/County/District Disaster Countermeasures HQ Occurrence of Disaster - General nationwide supervision of disaster status control - Emergency measures and support for urgent issues - Restoration planning - Collection of overall information on the status of disasters in a city /county/district - Command of emergency measures and urgent condition control - Collection of overall information on the status of disasters in such administrative units as an eup, myon and dong - Command of emergency measures and urgent condition control - Restoration planning 23

3. Man-made Disaster r Statistics (1995∼ 1998) < Unit: Million $> Item Occurrence Death Average 31, 852 39, 720 82. 0 Fire 29, 218 2, 230 123. 8 Wildfire 487 30 4. 7 Collapse 195 555 70. 0 Explosion Transportation Accident 335 371 17. 1 252, 157 350, 571 401. 5 77 8 24. 0 583 1, 027 27. 9 3, 619 2, 690 68. 5 Environmental Contamination Sea Accident Others Damage 24

3. Man-made Disaster r Preventive Measures Management of Dangerous Facilities • Checking Bridges & House Every Year Exercise and Drill • Field Exercise and Disaster Games according Public Campaign • Support Safety Culture Movement of NGOs to Promote Public Participation & Awareness Database • Database for Facility Status & Checking Point Management • Classification as Class A, B, C, D, & E, and Classes D & E are Checked Every Month to Disaster Type as 25 Part of Nat. Safety Management Information

4. Fire Safety r Fire Suppression Statistics ○ Item 1997 Occurrence Death Damage (m$) 29, 472 2, 195 121. 7 1998 32, 664 2, 284 159. 7 1999 33, 856 2, 370 166. 4 ※ Daily Average (1999): 93 Fires, 6. 5 Death, $0. 5 million r Rescue and Emergency Medical Service ○ Life Saving and Serving People by 119 Rescue Squad Daily Average (1999): 226 Rescued and 2, 607 used EMS Transportation ★ 119 International Activities ○ Cambodian Airline Crash in 1997, Turkey & Taiwan Earthquakes in 1999 26

4. Fire Safety r Organization Fire Administration Bureau Fire Service Academy National 119 Rescue Provincial Headquarters Aviation Corps (11) Local Academy (5) Fire Department (140) Rescue Team (143) Fire Station (728) Rescue Squad (1, 052) 27

4. Fire Safety r Preventive Projects ○ Fire Safety Inspection as Preventive Measures: - 5, 646 Sites including Factories, Hotels, & etc. ○ Strengthen 119 Capabilities for Improved Fire Suppression & Emergency Rescue - Expand Fire Posts: 26 (2 Fire Stations, 3 Police Boxes, 11 Squad - 69 Fire Engines, 139 Rescue Equipment - Distribute Beepers for Old Solitaries for Emergency Call ○ Reinforce Communication & Information System - Strengthen Cable & Wireless Communication System - Establish Emergency Rescue Information System · Pilot System in Chungbuk Province → Nationwide 28

Cooperation with other Organizations 29

1. Korean NGOs r Citizens’ Assembly for Safe Live 2. International Cooperation r UN/ISDR following UN/IDNDR r UN/ESCAP, WMO Typhoon Committee r ADRC r ADPC r COE, PDC, FEMA, r the Northeast Asia Forum and etc. 3. Other Governmental Element r 23 competent agencies including the Ministry of Defense for Disaster Situation Control r Regular Cooperation for Civil Defense Drill 30 END