Digital Privacy Roger Clarke, Xamax Consultancy, Canberra Board Member, Australian Privacy Foundation Visiting Professor, Unis. of Hong Kong, U. N. S. W. , ANU http: //www. anu. edu. au/Roger. Clarke/. . . . /DV/Dig. Priv-0611 {. html, . ppt} ACMA Information Communications Entertainment Conference, Canberra, 23 -24 November 2006 Copyright 1988 -2006 1
What is Privacy ? The interest that individuals have in sustaining a 'personal space', free from interference by other people and organisations Dimensions of Privacy • • Copyright 1988 -2006 The Physical Personal Behaviour Personal Communications Personal Data 2
Privacy is a Fundamental Human Right • • • UDHR 1948 (Art. 12) ICCPR 1966 (Art. 17) Euro Convention on Human Rights (Art. 8) Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (Arts. 7 and 8) National Constitutions and Bills of Rights Privacy is not an ‘Optional Extra’ Privacy is not a Mere Economic Right Copyright 1988 -2006 3
Why is Privacy ? • • • Copyright 1988 -2006 Physical Needs Psychological Needs Social / Sociological Needs Economic Needs Political Needs The Philosophical Level 4
Privacy Protection • Privacy can conflict with other interests: • • • Copyright 1988 -2006 personal conflict of interests of another person interests of a group or community interests of an organisation interests of society as a whole Privacy Protection is a process of finding appropriate balances between privacy and multiple competing interests 5
The Elements of Effective Solutions • • Copyright 1988 -2006 Legal Frameworks Constructive Dialogues Codes Ongoing Consultative Processes • • • Organisational Protections Technical Protections Laws Sanctions Enforcement Regimes 6
The Vacuousness of Data Protection Laws • • • FIPs (‘Fair Information Practices’) were designed for ‘administrative convenience’ OECD Guidelines were designed to protect businesses from inconsistent national laws Exceptions, Exemptions, Loop-Holes Over-Rides and Small-Print Amendments 1980 Provisions for 1970 s Computing http: //www. anu. edu. au/people/Roger. Clarke/DV/PP 21 C. html Copyright 1988 -2006 7
The Privacy Amendment (Private Sector) Act 2000 • • Copyright 1988 -2006 Ignored the Outcomes of Consultation 253 pages; > 3, 000 words of 'Principles', containing 24 instances of 'reasonable' Full of exemptions and exceptions Far short of the OECD Guidelines of 1980 Thoroughly inadequate cf. the EU Directive A Poor Attempt at a 3 Q 20 th Century Law World's Worst Privacy Legislation, or, more simply, Anti-Privacy Legislation 8
And the Impact of Digital? Community Ethos >> Cyberculture • Inter-Personal Ethos Communications • • Copyright 1988 -2006 Egalitarianness Openness Participation Mutual Service Community Freedoms Gratis Services • • • Inter-Personal Communications Internationalism Egalitarianness Openness Participation Mutual Service Community Freedoms Gratis Services 9
Public Dissatisfactions Are Piling Up • • Spam and Telemarketing Abuse continue to be bad for e. Business Malware has been bad for e. Businessand change is going to be slow Regulatory activity is near-non-existent (TIO, ACA/ACMA, OFPC) Employee Use of the Internet Copyright 1988 -2006 • Many More Major Issues: • cookies that breach the IETF standard • web-bugs • adware • spyware • silent numbers • IPND • ENUM • RFID • . . . 10
The Privacy Advocacy Core • • Privacy International – http: //www. privacyinternational. org/ U. S. A. – many, including: • ACLU – http: //www. aclu. org/privacy/ • EPIC – http: //www. epic. org/privacy/id_cards/ U. K. – many, especially: • Say. No 2 ID – http: //www. no 2 id. net/ Australia – many, especially: • Aust Privacy Foundation – http: //www. privacy. org. au/ • Electronic Frontiers Aust– http: //www. efa. org. au/ Copyright 1988 -2006 11
PRIVACY as a Strategic Factor • Privacy is much more than mere Data Protection, and mere Fair Information Practices • Elements of a Privacy Strategy • A Proactive Stance • An Express Strategy • An Articulated Plan • Resourcing • Monitoring of Performance against the Plan Copyright 1988 -2006 12
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