Digital/Open Access repositories Paul Sheehan Director of Library Services DCU HEAnet National Networking Conference Athlone 11 th November 2005
Outline • • • Open Access repository/digital repository What are Open Access Repositories? Why are they important? What is the global picture re. OARs? What is happening in Ireland?
OA Repositories • Purpose is to make scholarly articles freely available to anyone in global scholarly community who wants to use them • Open Access - Definition: OA is the free availability on the public Internet, permitting all users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search or link to the full text of these articles…without financial legal or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the Internet itself. Source: SCURL declaration on Open Access. http: //scurl. ac. uk/WG/OATS/declaration. htm
OA Repositories - protocols • OAR is a server conforming to the OAI-PMH protocol – OAI-PMH Open Access initiative protocol for metadata harvesting • Protocol is a low barrier, platform independent harvesting standard • The standard renders all compliant and registered servers interoperable, so that their information can be shared. • Server content may be metadata or metadata and related objects • Creation of OAR server requires implementation of free software and registration with OAI registry at Cornell University
Open Access Repositories 1 1 2 2 n n Data Providers Service Providers Users
Which journals? • A recent survey (http: //romeo. eprints. org/publishers. html) found that: – 92% of (8853) journals surveyed permitted lodging of a pre- or post- print in a repository – 80% of journals permitted lodging of a peer reviewed form of paper (but not pdf) in a repository.
Publishers (Peer-reviewed versions) • • • American Institute of Physics American Physical Society Blackwell Elsevier Emerald Institute of Physics John Wiley Kluwer Royal Society of Chemistry • etc
Why Open Access? • Ideas and knowledge derived from publicly funded research must be made available and accessible for public use … as widely, rapidly, and effectively as possible. Research Councils UK 2005 • The current subscription –based system of scholarly communication…now operates at a sub-optimal level and is reaching the point where it is no longer sustainable in the research context. Universities UK position statement 2005
The Funders’ position • The National Institutes of Health in USA (in 2004 $27 b funding) is advising its authors to lodge copies of peerreviewed papers in its repository, Pubmedcentral within 12 months of publication. • The Wellcome Trust (c. £ 400 m funding p. a. ). now requires all funded researchers to deposit electronic versions of their peer-reviewed research articles in an OA repository within 6 months of publication • The House of Commons Select Committee report Scientific publishing - free for all? also recommended that Research Councils and other Government funders mandate researchers to deposit a copy of their articles in institutional repositories.
Who has IRs? • In UK (almost) all Russell group universities • The UK House of Commons Select Committee on Science and Technology investigation into science publishing Scientific publishing - free for all? (2004) recommended that all UK universities should have an institutional repository • Australia, Holland, France, Germany, Norway, Portugal, Canada, and Scotland, among others, have numerous IRs at institutional level and advanced plans for national coordinating structures. • Australia ARROW project – Monash U. , U. New South Wales, National Library of Australia, Swinburne University of technology
Global distribution of OARs USA – 129 UK – 59 Germany – 42 Brazil – 30 Canada – 27 France - 24 Ireland – 2 (28 th) Total - 434 Source: Browse Institution archives registry – http: //archives. eprints. org/eprints. php? action=browse
Types of OA Repositories • Institutional - 230 • Disciplinary, departmental - 60 • Other – 190 Source: Browse Institution archives registry – http: //archives. eprints. org/eprints. php? action=browse
Institutional Repositories - Strategic benefits • Aggregates university publications in one place • Index/record of quality of university publications and research • Increases citations (Online or invisible. Lawrence, S. Nature Vol 411. No. 6837. P 521) • Improves measurement and quality of impact • Potential to be linked to institutionally generated CVs for a range of research supports
Content of IRs Records Mean Median Global 660365 3439 286 Ireland 284 142 124 Source: Browse Institution archives registry – http: //archives. eprints. org/eprints. php? action=browse
Other functions of IRs • • Theses Grey literature learning objects digital preservation
IUA Initiatives • IUA Library’s Group Institutional Repositories Working Group 2005 • DCU 2002/5 3 year project-based IR. From October 2005 IR a mainstream activity • NUI Maynooth • Other IAU institutions are actively pursuing setting up IRs
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