Digital Certificate Based Common Access Car for UW-Madison

Digital Certificate Based Common Access Car for UW-Madison Presented by Nicholas Davis, Do. IT

Overview • Digital Certificates 101 • Examples of usage of digital certificates • Why current technologies on campus are inferior and outdated • Benefits • Costs • What we know so far

Favorite Quote Sums Things Up “The nice thing about Standards is that there are so many of them to choose from. ”

Wait, My Disclaimer! My wife tells me I don’t know everything—she is right! I won’t be offended if you correct me about your systems

Digital Certificates

What is a Digital Certificate? • A digital certificate is an electronic credential, which can be thought of as an electronic passport with extra benefits. Based on global X. 509 standard – Provides ID proof – Issued by a trusted authority – Not possible to forge – A single file with two distinct parts

What Does a Digital Certificate Look Like? (Two Parts) • • -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----MIIDXTCCAsag. Aw. IBAg. ICAwcw. DQYJKo. ZIhvc. NAQEFBQAwg. Ykx. Cz. AJBg. NVBAYTAl. VT MSsw. KQYDVQQKEy. JEa. XZpc 2 lvbi. Bv. Zi. BJbm. Zvcm 1 hd. Glvbi. BUZWNobm 9 sb 2 d 5 MSM w. IQYDVQQLExp. GYWN 1 b. HR 5 IC 0 g. U 3 Rh. Zm. Yg. LSBTd. HVk. ZW 50 cz. Eo. MCYGA 1 UEAx. Mf VW 5 pdm. Vyc 2 l 0 e. SBv. Zi. BXa. XNjb 25 za. W 4 t. TWFka. XNvbj. Ae. Fw 0 w. Nz. A 0 MDQx. ODEx. Mjla Fw 0 w. ODA 2 Mjgx. ODEx. Mjla. MIHr. MQsw. CQYDVQQGEw. JVUz. ESMBAGA 1 UECBMJV 2 lz. Y 2 9 uc 2 lu. MRAw. Dg. YDVQQHEwd. NYWRpc 29 u. MSgw. Jg. YDVQQKEx 9 Vbml 2 ZXJza. XR 5 IG 9 m. IFdpc 2 Nvbn. Npbi 1 NYWRpc 29 u. MSMw. IQYDVQQLExp. GYWN 1 b. HR 5 IC 0 g. U 3 Rh. Zm. Yg. L SBTd. HVk. ZW 50 cz. EQMA 4 GA 1 UECx. MHVG 9 r. ZW 4 g. LTEr. MCk. GA 1 UEAx. Mi. TGV 0 d. GVycy. B hbm. Qg. U 2 Np. ZW 5 j. ZSBIb 25 vcn. Mg. UHJv. Z 3 Jhb. TEo. MCYGCSq. GSIb 3 DQEJARYZa. G 9 ub 3 Jz. QGhvbm 9 ycy 5 scy 53 a. XNj. Lm. Vkd. TCBnz. ANBgkqhki. G 9 w 0 BAQEFAAOBj. QAwg. Yk. Cg. Y EAnno 7 RR 1 c. Jww. GE 5 A 7 Sd 466 t. WM 9 q. NDVuq 5 qp. Utsv. Qq 5 Z+Ho. UZ 3 g 2 Z 1+0 wm. XSZ v. Byd. Ocj. GT 3 U 4 h. Snah. Sh. Qe. Yls 7 C 7 z. XYc. ELUV 0 WVEvwjy 3 zm. DWXp 01 Tol 9 IYr. T 8 t. AWR Bc. Np. VDr. RYm. Yl. Vqly 31 OHab. JWq. TAn. Lemf. Smm/3 COOunq. Ar 6 MCAw. EAAa. Nw. MG 4 w. D g. YDVR 0 PAQH/BAQDAg. Xg. MDs. GA 1 Ud. Hw. Q 0 MDIw. MKAuo. Cy. GKmh 0 d. HA 6 Ly 9 jcmwu. Z 2 Vvd. HJ 1 c 3 Qu. Y 29 t. L 2 Nyb. HMvd 2 lz. Y 29 uc 2 lu. Lm. Nyb. DAf. Bg. NVHSMEGDAWg. BQcnl. JSG w. Ri. Ryxr. LAG 4 af. Gp. Nywj. JDANBgkqhki. G 9 w 0 BAQUFAAOBg. QC 5 Lr. Mk. Ml. BWu. Xu. Il. FKCjf. S 98 LSdpg. BPRWw. YRLWk 9 Hzd. Peu 0 Wpv. Hf 0 z. VW 4 fx/F+RBFs. DNa. JWTb. F 02 FFz+m. SFb. Fl h 6 c. LIbe. MOm. X 96 tw. Z/2 ZX 3/B 1 Wtw. YKXmxg. Lk 1 Vs 9 UAmssn/v. PRO 2 pn. Md 6 Xl. FZ+f. Rj. I Dzr. SATsl 0 e 0 zciec. P 860 HQ== -----END CERTIFICATE-----

Two Parts, Public and Private Keys • Public key is used to encrypt data intended for Nicholas Davis and to verify his digital signature. Public key is published in LDAP directory and is available to everyone • Private key is used by Nicholas Davis to decrypt data which was encrypted for him and for him to digitally sign things. Kept private, only one copy of this key.

With Do We Do With Our ID • We gain physical access to secure places • We perform secure electronic transactions • Digital certificates can do both, better than other systems

Building Access Example • Nicholas digitally signs a request to enter a building by placing his card in a reader outside the building • Authenticating system takes his digital signature and computes validity based on Nicholas’s public key, also checks validity period, makes decision

Secure Transaction Example • Nicholas Davis wants to drop a class, uses browser to log in to system, by sending a digital signature • System verifies digital signature, grants or denies access to resources, similar to way Web. ISO works

How Does One Get a Digital Certificate? • Currently applies through Do. IT Tech Store • User then downloads certificate via their browser • Saves on PC or on secure hardware token/card • Certificates can also be generated in batch and placed directly on token

What can be done with a digital certificate? • Authenticate to computers, networks and applications • Digitally sign, legally enforceable • Encrypt data, email and docuemnts • Control physical access

Revoking a Certificate • Certificates expire after a set period of time called the validity period • Can be revoked beforehand as well • Check the CRL to see if the certificate has been revoked • Certificate can also be renewed prior to expiration

A 10, 000 Foot View of Campus ID Systems • Campus has no authoritative ID • Multiple systems, which don’t directly communicate with each other • How can we manage an identity when one single identity does not exist?

Student/Faculty/Staff ID Card A Stalker’s Delight! • • ID number Photo Student/Faculty/Staff Designation Bar code Magnetic stripe / Wiscard Cost? Not safe! – Easily copied – Easily used if stolen – Too much personal information on card

UW Police Building Access Card • HID i. Class RFID proximity based card • Controls physical access to buildings • Cost? • True Security? • Single factor vs. Dual Factor

Parking Permit • Issued by FP&M • Magnetic stripe • Controls Access to parking ramps • Reissued every year • Security? • Cost?

Net. ID • Issued by Do. IT • Controls access to many UWMadison electronic resources • Security? • Cost?

Kerberos • Controls access to computer lab machines • Kiosks remain unprotected around campus • Cost? • Other uses?

Digtial Certificates • Currently used for email, document and PDF digital signing and encryption • Cost?

Why are these systems discrete? • Different technologies • Different storage devices • Distributed ownership of associated systems • Different cost centers for funding • Why not bring them all together?

Why not bring them All Together? • Cost • Loss of control • Incompatible technologies • Legacy Systems • So, what can be done?

Consolidate & Converge • It is possible to consolidate these technologies onto one card today! Saves us nothing, actually costs more! • Such a Common Access Card (CAC) could contain all technologies in use around campus at the present time which makes the users happy, but makes us sad

Common Card is Nice--But • Consolidating on one card is nice for end user but results in wastage • Many faculty/staff and students will NEVER need a card with an HID core on it or a parking permit • The key is to find ONE technology that everyone on campus can use, not one card with a different technology for each person

To Save Money, We Need One Common Technology • HID works for physical access, trustworthy, but does nothing else • Magnetic stripe good for access control and cheap, but is easily copied • Bar code, nice for checking out books from library, but won’t work in parking or building access due to ease of copying • None of these address electronic access

What We Need • Something which can be centrally generated and managed locally • Something secure • Something that controls physical access • Something that controls electronic access • Something that can be audited • Something that can be real time if we want it to be

What We Need • Something that EVERY application can use • Something that binds our physical identity to our electronic identity • Something that is easy to manage and can be user self service or delegated administration

Making Our Systems Cheaper • One card means fewer distinct administrators of system needed • Customer can get building access added to their card from their home computer because we trust it is REALLY them at their home computer

Digital Certificates Can Do Everything and Do It More Securely • All physical access, parking, buildings, etc • All property access, Wiscard vending, library book checkout • All electronic access, my. wisc. edu, Web. ISO for web apps • Can’t be stolen

Decisions About Bucky Can Be Made Based on Certificate Contents • Verify it really is Bucky based on his digital signature • Add Bucky’s public key to the groups you want him in • Make a yes/no decision based on validity of Bucky’s signature and which groups he is in

Digital Ceritifcates Can Do New Things Too • Allow people to encrypt email • Allow people to encrypt files to protect intellectual property • Allow people to digitally sign email to Wisconsin State Government legal standards • HIPAA, FERPA, GLB, PHI compliance – PRIVACY!

Everything is Related • UW Police Access scenario • System only as strong as weakest link. • Electronic ID verification is related to physical security • Same system that secures communications could also be system that controls access to buildings

So What is Involved? • • Lots of work to do Issuing certificates Getting them on secure devices Upgrading applications to use Web. ISO for certificate based access • Upgrading physical readers to read certificate based cards • Educating campus

Did Someone Say Cost? • More expensive than current UW Photo ID • Less expensive than current UW Photo ID + UWPD ID + Digital Certificate Token + Parking Permit

A Standard is Established For the Future • Every student and every faculty/staff member gets one when they enter UW-Madison, addressing issue of how the cards are distributed • They can use the card for any application they wish, electronic or physical

Why Should Digital Certificates Be the Standard? • They can authenticate users both physically and electronically • Digital certificates allow digital signing and encryption, not offered by other technologies. • Expiration dates can be extended remotely (Pay your tuition online and the system extends the validity of your certificate by 6 months, without you ever leaving home) • Stronger than username and password, as digital certificates can’t be shared or unknowingly stolen, secure

Digital Certificates Can Do Everything that All Current ID Methods Do • • Building (Authentication) Parking (Authentication) Wiscard (Authentication) Library (Authentication) Digital signing (non repudiation) Encrypted communication via enail Protecting data (file and whole disk encryption) • my. wisc. edu (electronic applications) • Computer labs • Kiosks

What New Things Can Digital Certificates Do? • Guest access to UW facilities with short term limits • Help us comply with HIPAA and FERPA • Provide true real time issuance and revocation • Provide distance issuance, great for incoming students! • Provide centralized issuance and delegated administration • Decrease manual processes • Increase security – Username and password has to go if we want to advance our applications and user self service

If Digital Certificates Are So Great, Why Don’t I See Them Everywhere? • How powerful is the telephone? • How widely adopted was it when it was first introduced • When you control the environment, you can make the telephone a “must have”

Who Else Uses Digital Certificates in Higher Ed? • Dartmouth • University of Virginia • University of Texas • University of Michigan • MIT • Used to control electronic Access

Who Outside of Higher Ed Uses Digital Certificates? • US Department of Defense • All European Union Countries • Johnson & Johnson • Disney • Used for physical access control

What is in it for us? Save money long term Reduce complexity for end Users Provide better security Enable new functionality National recognition as a leader in this area of Identity Management Gives us a single authoritative campus identity to manage in our IDM system

Important • Willingness of EVERYONE to accept that some departments will derive more benefit, some less, but overall, reduces work, decreases long term costs, makes life easier for users, increases security, adds new functionality, decreases manual labor and beginning of semester crunch for UW-Madison Systems

What We Know So Far • Today we can consolidate all major ID cards, having a quick and somewhat easy win for the users • Common Access Card costs $10 to $60 depending on vendor and quantity

Evolution Not Revolution • No major price shock associated with overhauling all current systems at once • Can phase out old systems as budget will allow • Users see immediate benefits • UW-Madison sees benefits both immediately and over time

User Scenario • • Logs into computer in lab Signs up for classes Pays tuition Validates ID for 6 months, getting access to all facilities • Parks in ramp • Goes to SERF, sprains ankle • Sends HIPAA related email to doctor • All done with a combination of current technologies on a common card this year……In 5 years time, it could evolve application by application to be all digital certificate based

Historic One Time Opportunity • If we only go part way, simply moving current technologies onto a single card, but not establishing a single technology standard, we will have played our best card without getting anything in return

An Even Trade • Users want a single card • We want simple, more secure administration and new features • The only time campus will accept a new standard is when we change form factor, not afterwards

Next Steps • Standardize on a single form factor containing all old technologies + digital certificates even if no applications use the digital certificate at first • Begin to migrate applications one by one. Since the cert will already be on card, migration will be seamless to end users and less painful for us

How Can I Help? • I’ve kind of been here before • This is the most exciting opportunity I could imagine • I don’t have all the questions (That’s your job) • I don’t know all the answers (but I will work hard to find them) • Please let me know what I can do, research, presentations, demonstrations, find out answers to questions, vendor communications, etc?