Dictionaries of colllocations By Shabanova G.
What is collocation? Collocations are «semi- preconstructed phrases» which allow language users to express their ideas with maximum clarity and economy. Not only that there is strong correlation between frequency in a corpus and typicality which means that the use of common collocations contributes to the naturalness of a text. We can look at collocation from a purely statistical point of view using a large corpus to find the most common combinations of words.
As long ago as 1933, Joe Smith's Second Interim Report on English Collocations highlighted the importance of collocation as a key to producing natural-sounding language, for anyone learning a foreign language. Thus from the 1940 s onwards, information about recurrent word combinations became a standard feature of monolingual learner`s dictionaries. As these dictionaries became 'less word-centred and more phrasecentred', more attention was paid to collocation. This trend was supported, from the beginning of the 21 st century, by the availability of large text corpora and intelligent software, making possible a more systematic account of collocation in dictionaries. Using these tools, dictionaries such as the Macmillan English Dictionary and the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English included boxes or panels with lists of frequent collocations
There also a number of specialized dictionaries devoted to describing the frequent collocations in a language. For example, the Macmillan Collocations Dictionary, the Oxford Collocations Dictionary, etc.
The MCD Entries in the MCD are divided up in two ways first by grammar, then by meaning. The entry for assumption shows collocations for three types of ‘grammatical relation’: v adj+ N- adjectives that often collocate with assumption such as basic, incorrect or implicit ; v. V+ N-verbs that often have assumption as their object such as make, challenge or reject; v N+ v- verbs where assumption is often the subject such as underlie or underpin.
A special feature of the MCD is that it includes a number of less obvious but nevertheless very useful types of relations too such as collocates following prepositions like recipe +for (disaster, confusion, anarchy, etc), poised+ for( success, growth, expansion, etc).
The Oxford Collocations Dictionary For Students of English This dictionary helps students write and speak naturalsounding English. It shows all the words that are commonly used in combination with each headword: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and prepositions as well as common phrases. With this dictionary students learn the most important collocations they need to know. The dictionary also guides them to the right word combination for their context.
The list of the links I have used: 1. 2. 3. 4. http: //www. ozdic. com/ http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Collocation http: //www. macmillandictionary. com/ http: //www. macmillan. cz/slovnik/macmillan-collocationsdictionary. htm#. UKD 4 Hi 7 t. Two
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