Devising intranet incentives rewards and conditions for knowledge

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Hazel Hall Senior Lecturer School of Computing Napier University, Edinburgh h. hall@napier. ac. uk http: //www. bim. napier. ac. uk/esis/about_us/hazel. html 1

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Using an intranet for the purposes of knowledge sharing is a “good thing” 2

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange This work is commercially sensitive. My time is better spent generating revenue. I don’t have anything of value to submit. I’m too busy to create content. . The material’s confidential. Using an intranet for the purposes of knowledge sharing is a “good thing” BUT. . . I share my knowledge in other ways. I’m too busy to learn how to submit content (Why should I willingly give up my intellectual property? ) (My knowledge is my power. ) 3

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Using an intranet for the purposes of knowledge sharing is a “good thing” BUT. . . (What’s in it for me? ) 4

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Conditions Hard Responsibilities Infrastructure Usability Articulation Soft Status Communities Critical mass Boundary objects 5

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Financial rewards Hard Soft Career advancement/security as reward Access to information and knowledge as reward 6

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Increased pay Bonuses Stock options Financial rewards Hard Soft Career advancement/security as reward Access to information and knowledge as reward Promotion Future work Learning Innovation 7

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Financial rewards Hard Soft Career advancement/security as reward Access to information and knowledge as reward 8

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Hard Enhanced reputation as reward Soft Personal satisfaction as reward 9

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Hard Enhanced reputation as reward Soft Personal satisfaction as reward Gratitude Flattery Recognition Cross-hierarchy alliances Positive results of altruism 10

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Hard Enhanced reputation as reward Soft Personal satisfaction as reward 11

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Hard Soft e? ” ance m for ompli in it ry c ’s hat pora terest W of “ es tem elf-in e itud urag otes s hips Att nco s e r-prom lation taking O e ove ures r s risk O e t rup ourag O disc O 12

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Incentives for knowledge sharing Training & debriefings Conditions Acquire knowledge Disseminate knowledge Mentoring & assisting Responsibilities Time allocated Status “Copying” permitted Senior management buy-in Communities Leadership by example 13

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Incentives for knowledge sharing Conditions Acquire knowledge Disseminate knowledge Responsibilities Status Communities 14

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Incentives for knowledge sharing Training & debriefings Conditions e Acquire knowledge Disseminate knowledge v rati e imp e Responsibilities ang h re c tu Cul Status Mentoring & assisting Time allocated “Copying” permitted Senior management buy-in Communities Leadership by example 15

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Incentives for knowledge sharing Conditions Responsibilities Relegate Remove management levels Status Mask status Communities All are contributors, experimentation is encouraged 16

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Incentives for knowledge sharing Conditions Responsibilities Relegate Status Academic research on online interactions Doctors v nurses Communities 17

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Incentives for knowledge sharing Conditions f Removeomanagement rd a levels rew ft Relegate Responsibilities o st s tion n gai puta a rks ed re Status nc Mask status Wo a enh Communities All are contributors, experimentation is encouraged 18

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Incentives for knowledge sharing Conditions Responsibilities Status Provide for Communities Shared commitment, obligation & codependence vitality & trust Social interaction clique & high risk exchange Identity common purpose 19

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Incentives for knowledge sharing Conditions Responsibilities Social events Status Provide for Common language framework Communities Space 20

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Incentives for knowledge sharing s ie kt Shared commitment, ea w obligations cou& ers dependence vitality gv ntrust o tr& Conditions Responsibilities Status Provide for ” ted a Communities cre “ be ’t an C S n o ati in m Social interaction se clique & dis risk high ed t exchange ibi Inh Identity b common m me on purpose ts i im L ip h ers 21

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Incentives for knowledge sharing Infrastructure Ease of use Usefulness of use is obvious Usability Articulation Critical mass Boundary objects 22

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Incentives for knowledge sharing Infrastructure Ease of use Usefulness of use is obvious Usability Articulation Critical mass Boundary objects 23

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Incentives for knowledge sharing Infrastructure Usability Integration of tools with communities Articulation Critical mass Boundary objects 24

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Incentives for knowledge sharing Infrastructure Usability Integration of tools with communities Articulation Critical mass Boundary objects 25

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Incentives for knowledge sharing Infrastructure Ease of use Usefulness of use is obvious Integration of tools with communities Usability Articulation Critical mass Boundary objects 26

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Incentives for knowledge sharing Infrastructure Usability Articulation classification schemes repositories spaces and people Critical mass Boundary objects 27

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Incentives for knowledge sharing Infrastructure Usability Articulation Ease of knowledge sharing Equal status Community ownership Exploitation of weak ties Transfer from oldies to newbies classification schemes repositories spaces and people Critical mass Boundary objects 28

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Incentives for knowledge sharing ial c tm s ve n di n t en cru is a in uy B Ease of knowledge sharing Equal status Community ownership Exploitation of weak ties Transfer from oldies to newbies classification schemes repositories spaces and people Infrastructure Usability Articulation Critical mass Boundary objects 29

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Conditions Infrastructure To jump start knowledge sharing For long-term compliance To help new members of staff To encourage experimentation For cross-team working To match “expectations” of personality types For “community” benefits Move from knowledge as a private good To promote moral obligation to knowledge as a public good For distributed staff For wide dissemination with appropriate support 30

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Universally applicable model? Photograph courtesy of Philip Greenspun 31 http: //philip. greenspun. com

Devising intranet incentives: rewards and conditions for knowledge exchange Related work Davenport, E. & Hall, H. (2001). New knowledge and micro-level online organization: 'communities of practice' as a development framework. In R. Sprague (Ed. ), Proceedings of the 34 th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (CD ROM). Los Alamitos: IEEE. Davenport E. & Hall, H. (2002 in press). Organizational knowledge and communities of practice. In B. Cronin & D, Shaw (Eds. ). Annual Review of Information Science and Technology. Medford NJ: Information Today. Hall, H. (2001). Input-friendliness: motivating knowledge sharing across intranets. Journal of Information Science 27(2), 139 -146. [In Online 2001 conference proceedings] Hall, H. (2001). Social exchange for knowledge exchange. Paper presented at the International Conference on Managing Knowledge, University of Leicester, April 10 -11 2001. [http: //www. bim. napier. ac. uk/esis/about_us/hazel_publications. html] 32