
5223629988d8e343fffc069066ae6ade.ppt
- Количество слайдов: 15
develop standards for: • system modeling - UML conventions, etc. • code/programming - language constructs, code layout, etc. • human-computer interface - navigation, layout, etc. • device interfaces - polymorphism, etc. • subsystem interfaces and layer interfaces • construction - component naming, component storage, etc. in order to: • increase team productivity • improve system maintainability • increase portability • and. . . University of Toronto at Scarborough © Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCC 40 quality management 1
tradeoffs system performance efficiency maintainability cost you can only have two of good - fast - cheap how do you know your product or process is good? University of Toronto at Scarborough © Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCC 40 quality management 2
product quality product operations product transition portability reusability interoperability product revision software product quality factors correctness reliability efficiency integrity usability maintainability testability flexibility [J. Mc. Call, P. Reynolds and G. Walters. Factors in Software Quality. NTIS AD-A 049 -014/015/055. November 1977] University of Toronto at Scarborough © Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCC 40 quality management 3
standards IEEE - several standards e. g. #830 Guide to Software Requirements Specification e. g. #1074 Software Lifecycle Object Management Group’s (OMG) Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) ISO 9001 Standard for software Development International Consultative Committee on Telephony and Telegraphy (CCITT) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Canadian Standards Association (CSA) Software Engineering Institute (SEI) and others University of Toronto at Scarborough © Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCC 40 quality management 4
functionality reliability University of Toronto at Scarborough usability understandability learnability operability attractiveness efficiency time behaviour resource utilization analyzability changeability stability testability portability ISO 9126 quality characteristics for software products maturity fault tolerance recoverability maintainability ISO 9126 suitability accuracy interoperability security adaptability installability co-existence replacability © Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCC 40 quality management 5
the basic quality improvement process model build quality measurement devices (re)define quality fix problems, refine processes University of Toronto at Scarborough © Kersti Wain-Bantin measure quality, analyze results CSCC 40 quality management 6
five key expectations all are influenced by people and all are part of the project predetermine quantitative quality goals accumulate data for use in subsequent projects used for process development keep all work visible • design only against requirements • program only against design • test only against requirements and design measure and achieve quality goals University of Toronto at Scarborough © Kersti Wain-Bantin aspect of the product CSCC 40 quality management 7
the project team project manager business analyst systems analyst/designer database administrator programmer quality control support/help desk technical systems administrator network architect etc. University of Toronto at Scarborough © Kersti Wain-Bantin client (funding) user management users auditors security specialists lawyers customers etc. CSCC 40 quality management 8
matrix organization, and example project staff consolidated G/L project A/P and A/R maintenance work order system replacement corporate data model project Andy the financial analyst interface to A/P as needed billing weekly meetings Jane the programmer n/a as needed lead programmer n/a Bill from Help Desk error message design as needed on testing team n/a IT manager status meetings change control committee project manager weekly meetings John the technical writer user manual n/a user manual charts and diagrams University of Toronto at Scarborough © Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCC 40 quality management 9
SQA activities in IT • • application of technical methods formal technical review software testing enforcement of standards control of change measurement record keeping and reporting University of Toronto at Scarborough © Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCC 40 quality management 10
Capability Maturity Model -Integration (CMMI) The organizational process assets that are described in CMMI models include the following: • organization’s set of standard processes, including the process architectures and process elements • descriptions of life-cycle models approved for use • guidelines and criteria for tailoring the organization’s set of standard processes • organization’s measurement repository • organization’s process asset library • organization’s performance baselines University of Toronto at Scarborough © Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCC 40 quality management 11
Figure : CMMI Model Components [FM 103. HDA 101. T 103] University of Toronto at Scarborough © Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCC 40 quality management 12
maturity of IT departments Initial level Add: Requirements management Software project planning Software project tracking and oversight Software subcontract management Software quality assurance Software configuration management Repeatable level Add: University of Toronto at Scarborough Organization process focus Organization process definition Training program Integrated software management Software product engineering Inter-group coordination Peer reviews © Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCC 40 quality management 13
maturity of IT departments Defined level Add: Quantitative process management Software quality management Managed level Add: Defect prevention Technology change management Process change management Optimizing level University of Toronto at Scarborough © Kersti Wain-Bantin CSCC 40 quality management 14
and at the personal level. . . SEI’s Personal Software Process (PSP) baseline personal process • understand current process • record your time and task sizes • record analyze defects • define coding standards • develop improvement proposal personal planning • task and schedule planning • size and time estimating • test reporting personal quality management • code reviews • design templates cyclic personal process University of Toronto at Scarborough © Kersti Wain-Bantin • cyclic development CSCC 40 quality management 15