Deutscher Wetterdienst Measurement Technology Humidity Measurements by Aircraft of the E-AMDAR Fleet TECO 2008 Axel Hoff Deutscher Wetterdienst Observing Networks and Data Offenbach am Main Germany
Deutscher Wetterdienst Measurement Technology ACARS Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System AMDAR = Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay Observing Networks and Data – November 2008
Deutscher Wetterdienst Measurement Technology 20 min after start Enroute Sampling rate = 7 min • Aircraft Identification • Date • Time (UTC) • Altitude (Pressure) • Temperature • Wind Speed • Wind Direction • Water Vapor Mass Mixing Ratio Observing Networks and Data – November 2008 t • Position Sampling rate = 40 s cen Sampling rate = 10 s until 150 s after start Reports: Descent beginning at 18000 ft Des Asc ent Sampling rate = 50 s Touch down
Deutscher Wetterdienst Measurement Technology EUMETNET AMDAR (E-AMDAR) Sampling Points of 24 h over Europe BUFR: DWD (LH) FM 42: SMHI Meteo France UKMO KNMI (SAS) (AF) (BA) (KLM) Observing Networks and Data – November 2008
Deutscher Wetterdienst Measurement Technology AMDAR in Numbers (for 2007) Observing Networks and Data – November 2008
Deutscher Wetterdienst Measurement Technology Humidity sensor enters the European AMDAR fleet 3 aircraft of the Airbus A 320 family Typical daily flight program over Europe: • distance: 300 - 3000 km • up to 6 ascents + descents Observing Networks and Data – November 2008
Deutscher Wetterdienst Measurement Technology Sensor System SEB (System Electronics Box) Spectra. Sensors, WVSS-II Version 2006 • Infrared Absorption Spectrometer 2 f method Tunable Diode Laser • Output: Water Vapor Mass Mixing Ratio Hoses for connection Air Sampler with SEB Air Sampler Function Air Sampler Fuselage Sampling Tube 24 cm Observing Networks and Data – November 2008 SEB
Deutscher Wetterdienst Measurement Technology Installation on the Aircraft 4. 8 m Exterior View 4 o‘Clock Position Air Sampler Observing Networks and Data – November 2008
Deutscher Wetterdienst Measurement Technology Installation on the Aircraft FW D Skin Interior View Outlet Hose, Non-Heated SE B Inlet Hose, Heated Air Frame Observing Networks and Data – November 2008 Sa mp ler
Deutscher Wetterdienst Measurement Technology Cost Estimate for AMDAR Humidity Profiles Costs per Vertical Profile (€) AMDAR without humidity measurement AMDAR, surcharge for humidity Radiosonde + accessories (consumables only) Observing Networks and Data – November 2008 6 30 > 200
Deutscher Wetterdienst Measurement Technology Results of the Flight Operation Observing Networks and Data – November 2008
Deutscher Wetterdienst Measurement Technology Temperature Dewpoint Observing Networks and Data – November 2008
Deutscher Wetterdienst Measurement Technology Observing Networks and Data – November 2008
Deutscher Wetterdienst Measurement Technology Observing Networks and Data – November 2008
Deutscher Wetterdienst Measurement Technology Verification against COSMO-EU July 2008 12: 00 UTC EU 4593 EU 5331 EU 6564 Bias (Model - Observation) Observing Networks and Data – November 2008 RMS
Deutscher Wetterdienst Measurement Technology Verification against COSMO-EU September 2008 12: 00 UTC EU 4593 EU 5331 EU 6564 Bias (Model - Observation) Observing Networks and Data – November 2008 RMSE
Deutscher Wetterdienst Measurement Technology RMSE Mixing Ratio (g/kg) Bias Observing Networks and Data – November 2008
Deutscher Wetterdienst Measurement Technology RMSE Mixing Ratio (g/kg) Bias Observing Networks and Data – November 2008
Deutscher Wetterdienst Measurement Technology RMSE Mixing Ratio (g/kg) Bias Observing Networks and Data – November 2008
Deutscher Wetterdienst Measurement Technology Trial‘s Result of the WVSS-II Version 2006: • Constant routine operation within E-AMDAR • Relative Accuracy within ± 10 % (during the first weeks) • Drift (because of missing Laser Burn-In time) • After a few months of operation: bias of partly 10 to 20 % Rel. Humidity • Limit of detection ≈ 0. 05 g/kg (80 ppmv) lower 2/3 of the Troposphere • High RMSE because of limited coding in the data link from aircraft to ground Observing Networks and Data – November 2008
Deutscher Wetterdienst Measurement Technology Consequences by the manufacturer Spectra. Sensors Inc. due to the resuls of NOAA / NWS and E-AMDAR / DWD: „Re-engineering“ → WVSS-II Version 2008 leading to - stability in the electronics - tightness of the Laser head resulting in - relative accuracy within ± 5 % - detection limit < 0. 015 g/kg (24 ppmv) → complete Troposphere Observing Networks and Data – November 2008
Deutscher Wetterdienst Measurement Technology Planings for further steps • Replacement of the old (2006) WVSS-II units on the Airbus A 319 • Separate test flights on research aircraft, such as possibly the Airbus A 340 (MOZAIC) - intercomparison sensor on board - WVSS-II house-keeping data - cyclic interchange: aircraft ↔ laboratory • Decision about more sensors • Format improvement for data link from aircraft to ground Observing Networks and Data – November 2008
Deutscher Wetterdienst Measurement Technology AMDAR, quo vadis • Expansion and densification of the network on a global level: - inclusion of more airlines, - greater use of night-time starts and landings, - optimizing of the data supply. • Aircraft providing additional measurable variables - humidity (to catch up with radiosondes), - E-AMDAR / Bo. M NWS / NOAA E-AMDAR geometric altitude (GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO, . . . ), air chemistry, aerosols, turbulence, icing. • Correction methods for systematic error components. • International standards for aircraft manufacturers: - ex-works AMDAR configuration of the on-board software, - ex-works mechanical and electrical precautions for humidity sensor interfaces. Observing Networks and Data – November 2008 WMO / E-AMDAR
Deutscher Wetterdienst Measurement Technology Questions or comments? Observing Networks and Data – November 2008
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