Detecting submarine springs in Florida's coastal zone using thermal remote sensing data Teaching GIS and Remote Sensing in the 21 st Centry 2010 Cutting. Edge Workshop Abuduwasiti Wulamu, Ph. D Department of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Saint Louis University
Overview Lab Description Objective Data 2 Retrieval of Surface temperature Signatures of submarine springs from thermal anomaly Conclusion Acknowledgements Mapping submarine springs in Florida © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
Course Settings College Level 4 XX Geospatial Methods Remote Sensing Lab Middle or end of semester A class project or lab assignment 3 Mapping submarine springs in Florida © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
Lab Description Objective Familiarize students with thermal remote sensing with a practical example Stimulate creative thinking skills Data Landsat ETM+ Census dataset Field collections 4 Mapping submarine springs in Florida © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
Study area Tallahassee, Florida
How to get the data Geovis. USGS. GOV
How to get the data 7 Mapping submarine springs in Florida © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
How to get the data 8 Mapping submarine springs in Florida © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
How to get the data 9 Mapping submarine springs in Florida © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
How to get the data Unzip the downloaded data 10 Mapping submarine springs in Florida © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
Why there are two thermal bands with Landsat ETM+? ?
Retrieval of surface temperature Theoretical background
Thermal radiation http: //en. wikipedia. org/ 13 Mapping submarine springs in Florida © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
Workflow DN BT LST 14 • DN – to Radiance • Radiance to at sensor temperature • At sensor brightness temperature to surface temperature Mapping submarine springs in Florida © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
Radiometric Calibration DN Radiance where the LMIN and LMAX are the spectral radiances for each band at digital numbers 1 and 255. DN is the pixel DN value, λ is the wavelength. One gets LMIN and LMAX values from the header file. http: //landsathandbook. gsfc. nasa. gov/handbook/han dbook_htmls/chapter 11. html 15 Mapping submarine springs in Florida © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
Radiometric Calibration Radiance Brightness temperature Planck’s function Where, C 1=1. 19104356× 10 -16 W m 2; C 2=1. 43876869× 10 -2 m K 16 Mapping submarine springs in Florida © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
Radiometric Calibration Radiance Brightness temperature Let K 1 = C 1/λ 5 , and K 2 = C 2/λ, and satellite measured radiant intensity B λ (T) = Lλ Description Landsat 7 – ETM+ K 2 (Kelvin) 1282. 71 Landsat 5 – TM 17 K 1 (W m-2 sr-1 µm-1) 666. 09 607. 76 1260. 56 Mapping submarine springs in Florida © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
Land Surface Temperature BT LST λ is the wavelength of emitted radiance. λ = 11. 5 μm (Markham and Barker, 1986) and ρ = h × c/σ = 14380 m K. Here, σ is Boltzmann constant (1. 38 * 10− 23 J/K), h is Planck’s constant (6. 26 * 10− 34 Js) and c is velocity of light (2. 998 * 108 m/s). Artis and Carnahan, 1982. Survey of emissivity variability in thermography of urban areas, Rem. Sens. Environ. 12 (1982), pp. 313– 329. 18 Mapping submarine springs in Florida © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
Land surface temperature BT LST Radiative Transfer – MODTRAN Quasi-physical models JIMÉNEZ-MUÑOZ, J. C. , SOBRINO, J. A. 2003. A generalized singlechannel method for retrieving land surface temperature from remote sensing data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, doi: 10. 1029/2003 JD 003480 QIN, Z. , KARNIELI, A. , BERLINER, P. 2001. A mono-window algorithm for retrieving land surface temperature from Landsat TM data and its application to the Israel-Egypt border region. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 22, pp. 3719 -3746. 19 Srivastava, Majumdar and Bhattacharya. (2009). Surface temperature estimation in Singhbhum Shear Zone of India using Landsat-7 ETM+ thermal infrared data. Advances in Space Research, 431(10): 563 -1574 Mapping submarine springs in Florida © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
Retrieval of surface temperature Implementing using ENVI
Implementing using ENVI Basic Tools Band Math DN Radiance ((12. 650 -3. 200)/(255. 0 -1. 0))*(B 61. 0)+3. 200 Radiance Brightness Temperature 1282. 71 D/(alog(666. 09 D/B 6+1 D))
Implementing using ENVI File Open Image file 22 Mapping submarine springs in Florida © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
Implementing using ENVI Color compositing 23 Mapping submarine springs in Florida © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
Radiometric calibration DN at sensor temperature Basic Tools Preprocessing Calibration Utilities Landsat Calibration 24 Mapping submarine springs in Florida © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
ENVI Color Mapping Display Window Tools Color Mapping Envi Color Tables Select Rain. Bow 25 Mapping submarine springs in Florida © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
GIS Visualization Arc. GIS classification ENVI Color Mapping
Export to Arc. GIS Save File As Save Image As Export to Arc. Map
Export Image to Arc. Map Save Image as 28 Mapping submarine springs in Florida Save File As © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
Save Image As Display Window Tools Color Mapping Envi Color Tables Select Rain. Bow 29 Mapping submarine springs in Florida © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
Export Image to Arc. Map 30 Mapping submarine springs in Florida © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
Visualization 31 Mapping submarine springs in Florida © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
Visualization 32 Mapping submarine springs in Florida © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
Visualization 33 Mapping submarine springs in Florida © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
Visualization Classification in Arc. Map 34 Mapping submarine springs in Florida © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
Visualization From ENVI Color Mapping 35 Mapping submarine springs in Florida © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
Validation 36 Mapping submarine springs in Florida © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
Conclusion 37 Extensive field work, validation needed Geologic controls, e. g. , fractures, aquifers that channels groundwater to the oceans need to be indentified Radar and Optical data fusion is helpful As stated earlier, the objective of this lab is to teach students how to use thermal remote sensing, rather than presenting a “solid” scientific research Mapping submarine springs in Florida © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
Acknowledgements & References 38 Locational information for the spring vents that were verified on the Taylor County coast provided by Tom Greenhalgh from Florida Geological Survey Artis and Carnahan, 1982. Survey of emissivity variability in thermography of urban areas, Rem. Sens. Environ. 12 (1982), pp. 313– 329. JIMÉNEZ-MUÑOZ, J. C. , SOBRINO, J. A. 2003. A generalized single-channel method for retrieving land surface temperature from remote sensing data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, doi: 10. 1029/2003 JD 003480 QIN, Z. , KARNIELI, A. , BERLINER, P. 2001. A mono-window algorithm for retrieving land surface temperature from Landsat TM data and its application to the Israel-Egypt border region. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 22, pp. 3719 -3746. Srivastava, Majumdar and Bhattacharya. (2009). Surface temperature estimation in Singhbhum Shear Zone of India using Landsat-7 ETM+ thermal infrared data. Advances in Space Research, 431(10): 563 -1574 http: //www. dep. state. fl. us/geology/programs/hydrogeology/springs/powerpoint/Mc. Clean. ppt http: //www. dep. state. fl. us/ http: //glovis. usgs. gov/ Mapping submarine springs in Florida © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
Questions and Discussion 39 Mapping submarine springs in Florida © Abduwasit Ghulam Aug 8 – 12, 2010
Скачать презентацию Detecting submarine springs in Florida s coastal zone using
2a7e404c39b640e39c0b59b9dbcd2fb6.ppt