Dept of Advanced Physical Technologies and New Materials

Dept. of Advanced Physical Technologies and New Materials SEESGEN-ICT WP 6 Activities proposal Andrea Quintiliani andrea. quintiliani@enea. it SEESGEN-ICT 1 st Workshop – Milan - May 2009 2

ICT in ENEA Dept. of Advanced Physical Technologies and New Materials Development and maintenance of a high performance computing environment, based on GRID technologies, in order to comply with the requirements of the various research groups in ENEA and to offer high-level computing services to the international scientific community and the industrial system. Activities are mainly focused on: Ø High performance systems for scientific computing and modelling; Ø Computational GRIDs; Ø 3 D visualisation systems; Ø High-bandwidth low-latency connectivity; Ø Technologies for networking and remote operation of complex scientific instruments; Ø Technologies databases; for the management of large, geographically distributed Ø Adaptation/porting of computational codes to innovative platforms. SEESGEN-ICT 1 st Workshop – Milan - May 2009 3

GRID – Based Computing Dept. of Advanced Physical Technologies and New Materials DATA ACQUISITION DATA ANALYSIS ADVANCED COMPUTER GRAPHICS NETWORK Cell Centered Data Base “CCDB” IMAGING INSTRUMENTS COMPUTATIONAL RESOURCES SEESGEN-ICT 1 st Workshop – Milan - May 2009 MULTI-SCALE DATABASES 4

ENEA-GRID Computational & 3 D Centers Dept. of Advanced Physical Technologies and New Materials Ispra Saluggia S. Teresa 30 BOLOGNA #CPU/Cores CASACCIA 140 FRASCATI 400 PORTICI Manfredonia 2750 90 45 SEESGEN-ICT 1 st Workshop – Milan - May 2009 BRINDISI TRISAIA

ENEA-GRID interoperability with other GRIDs Dept. of Advanced Physical Technologies and New Materials ENEA has been developing the “shared proxy” solution EGEE EFDA • Maintain the GRID internal architecture and autonomy • Allow multiplatform impementations • In production on EGEE • In production on GRISU • Required by EFDA for EGEE SEESGEN-ICT 1 st Workshop – Milan - May 2009 GARR Other Entities PI 2 S 2

A new HPC centre in Portici Dept. of Advanced Physical Technologies and New Materials Infrastructures: - New HPC centre in Naples with top level computing and storage systems ( ca. 2, 700 CPUs). Currently positioned at n. 125 in TOP 500; - Development of a new class of innovative functions for GRID computing Main applications: - Bioinformatics - Critical infrastructures protection SEESGEN-ICT 1 st Workshop – Milan - May 2009 7

Supercomputing: application areas Dept. of Advanced Physical Technologies and New Materials Engineering Nuclear physics and engineering – nuclear fusion Climate and environment Materials Bioinformatics Critical infrastructures protection Combustion SEESGEN-ICT 1 st Workshop – Milan - May 2009 8

ENEA-GRID for Industry and Consortia Dept. of Advanced Physical Technologies and New Materials Air flow dynamics and temperature inside new train cars Coll. with CETMA SEESGEN-ICT 1 st Workshop – Milan - May 2009

ENEA-GRID for Industry and Consortia Dept. of Advanced Physical Technologies and New Materials Hydrofoil flow simulation SEESGEN-ICT 1 st Workshop – Milan - May 2009 Coll. with CETMA

CRESCO for nuclear fusion Dept. of Advanced Physical Technologies and New Materials IB Cresco (20 Tflops peak) SEESGEN-ICT 1 st Workshop – Milan - May 2009 System for development and test of computational codes for ITER (1 Tflops peak)

Some background data on ICT and Energy efficiency Dept. of Advanced Physical Technologies and New Materials ICT sector at present accounts for 2% of global emissions, (that is, a global total of 0. 5 Gt. CO 2 e). This is as much as civil aviation. Overall energy use is rapidly growing with the increase in penetration of devices and services increases: according to the Smart 2020 report the footprint of the ICT industry is set to rise to 1. 4 Gt. CO 2 e in 2020. Many say that real gains from green ICT will come from developing energy efficient solutions that impact the other 98% of global emissions. ICTs are a contributor to global warming, but more importantly they are the key to monitoring and mitigating its effects. For U. S. : compared to technologies available in 1976, ACEEE estimates that the entire family of semiconductor-enabled technologies has generated a net savings of about 775 billion k. Wh of electricity in the year 2006 alone. In other terms, if U. S. economy expansion were based on 1976 technologies, it would be using about 20% more electricity than the amount actually consumed in 2006. SEESGEN-ICT 1 st Workshop – Milan - May 2009 12

Devices Dept. of Advanced Physical Technologies and New Materials Semiconductor devices and integrated circuits embedded into systems • …………………. . Personal Computers • PC components account for 50% of the global semiconductor market • Power requirements of a computer chip of a given capacity have fallen by half every 18 months while computing power has doubled. This means that energy intensity of computing power falls by a factor of 4 every year and a half. From 1978 to 2008 a computer’s energy efficiency, measured in instructions per second/watt has improved ~ 3 million times. • Multi-core processors, common in personal and laptop computers today, use 40 to 60 % less energy than single-core chips. • CPUs and GPUs can reduce power consumption by adjusting performance according to demand. SEESGEN-ICT 1 st Workshop – Milan - May 2009 • Power management algorithms. 13

Data Centers Dept. of Advanced Physical Technologies and New Materials Computers’ raw speed has increased tremendously over the years. For instance, the top system’s speed on the TOP 500 list has grown from 59. 7 Gflops in 1993 to 1. 1 million Gflops (1. 1 Pflops) in 2008 (Roadrunner, DOE/NNSA/LANL). This huge performance jump can be attributed to increases in three different dimensions: • number of transistor per processor; • processors operating frequencies; • number of processors in a system. Large computers consume a huge amount of electricity and generate a tremendous amount of heat. For supercomputers, a rule of thumb states that 1 MW of power consumed requires another 0. 7 MW of cooling. SEESGEN-ICT 1 st Workshop – Milan - May 2009 14

Current priorities in Data Centers Dept. of Advanced Physical Technologies and New Materials Main 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. problems to tackle (data from Data Center Dynamics, 138 interviews) Downtime Energy consumption Cooling Energy efficiency …………… Very little is currently being done to achieve these goals. For example: Only ~50% of Data Centers have installed temperature monitoring ~30% have put in place automated management systems ~30% have put in place energy management at rack level ~5% have put in place energy management at chip level SEESGEN-ICT 1 st Workshop – Milan - May 2009 15

Possible actions (present) Dept. of Advanced Physical Technologies and New Materials Fixtures and services • • • Cogeneration systems Freecooling Lighting management Hot/cold aisles Renewal of fixtures/appliances IT sector • • Energy efficient servers Energy efficient SANs Hibernation/switchoff of unused workspaces Virtualisation SEESGEN-ICT 1 st Workshop – Milan - May 2009 16

Possible actions (future) Dept. of Advanced Physical Technologies and New Materials Fixtures and services • • New generation cooling technologies (impulsive cooling) OLED lighting IT sector • • • GRID and cloud computing Storage virtualisation New storage technologies (compression) AI techniques for performance management New generation processors (high temperature operation) • • Cooling-less systems DC powered systems SEESGEN-ICT 1 st Workshop – Milan - May 2009 17

Possible activities in SEESGEN-ICT Dept. of Advanced Physical Technologies and New Materials • • • Share our experience in GRID and other distributed computing technologies Explore the possibilities of GRID, cloud and virtualization technologies to effectively reduce ICT own carbon footprint Assess technological needs for effective use of these approaches and architectures in smart grids Share experiences in running a high performance computing center and in putting in place more energy-efficient solutions Share information on the most significant Green IT experiences and projects. SEESGEN-ICT 1 st Workshop – Milan - May 2009 18

Dept. of Advanced Physical Technologies and New Materials Thank you for your attention! fim. enea. it SEESGEN-ICT 1 st Workshop – Milan - May 2009 19