Deployed Forces Communications Military Application of PCS Applied

Deployed Forces Communications Military Application of PCS Applied CIS Technologies Branch CIS Division NATO Command, Control & Consultation Agency Email: pcs@nc 3 a. info NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Introduction • Background • Military PCS Requirement and Roles • The Deployable TETRA System Testbed • PCS Study NATO UNCLASSIFIED

NC 3 A Divisional Organisation CIS CCS ORFS ACQ Comms & IS Systems C 2 Systems OR & Func. Services Acquisition • Applied CIS Technology • C 2 Concepts & Architecture • Architectures & C 3 I Analyses • Project Management • CIS Security Technology • C 2 Systems Design • Studies, Analyses & OR Techniques • Cost Estimating and Analysis • Core Information Systems Tech. • C 2 Technology • Defence Planning • System & Information Mgmt Acquisition • CIS Architecture and Networks • Transmission Technology and Systems • Sensors & Surveillance • Theatre Missile Defence Study Mgmt Team • Forces & Armaments • Contracting • Analyses • Applications Development • Exercises, Design & Scenario Development • Integrated Logistics Support • Quality Assurance • Facilities NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Deployable Communications Military PCS - Focus Areas • End-End Secure GSM • Terrestrial Secure PMR/PAMR (TETRA, Tetrapol, …) • Space-based PCS (Iridium, Globalstar, Inmarsat, …) • PCS Study NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Why PCS? • NATO role has changed • Peacekeeping • Peace Support Operations • Crisis Response Operations • Composition of forces has changed • Increasingly multi-service, multi-national (Combined, Joint) • Military budgets have changed NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Why PCS? “… The first requirement is for a secure cellular telephone that will operate throughout the EUCOM AOR. … Our frequent and rapid deployments throughout theatre have shown a need for a small, secure, handheld cellular telephone similar in size, weight and design to the current commercial GSM handsets…” EUCOM J 6, Feb 99 NATO UNCLASSIFIED

PCS Features Attractive to Military • Wide area coverage (potentially world-wide) • High mobility: hand - held, vehicle/boat/aircraftmounted • Ease of use • Cost (terminal cost low, but potentially high utilisation or infrastructure cost) • Rapid procurement (in times of crisis) • Multiple media, e. g. sat/terrestrial cellular/PAMR NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Potential Military Use of PCS • Crisis Response Operations ·Policing/traffic control ·Liaison (military unit/civilian organisation) ·Reconnaissance ·Liaison ·Urban Patrols ·Rural Patrols ·Voice Command Net ·Compound Security ·Logistic Routes and Fleet Tracking ·Military Intelligence and Other Special Forces NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Potential Military Use of PCS (cont) · Capacity enhancement · Alternate means of communications · Engineering order wire/back-up · Special purpose, e. g. vehicle tracking Thales Vector End-End Secure TETRA NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Deployable TETRA System Configuration AVLS Gateway MCCIS Access Router COP, Web, E-mail App Servers Mobile with GPS Mobile Radio Base Station and Switch Handheld Voice Users ISDN Data Interface Hi. Com Digital PABX COP, Web, E-Mail, Clients Portable Data Users Command & System Management Control System NATO UNCLASSIFIED

NC 3 A Deployable TETRA System Mgt Antenna Coupler Transceivers JWID - Jun ‘ 01 Strong Resolve - Feb ‘ 02 Banja Luka - Apr ‘ 02 Combined Endeavor - May ‘ 02 Dispatch Console Base Station Controller Switch NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Automated Vehicle Location System “AVLS” • Converts GPS Position, Speed and Direction in NMEA sentences received from TETRA over SDS to standard OTH Gold Messages • Sends Track messages to MCCIS or C 2 PC for display via network or serial interface • Modular design supports position input from multiple sources (GSM, HF, etc. ) • Built on Linux for reliability NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Military PCS - Project Focus Areas • End-End Secure GSM • Terrestrial Secure PMR/PAMR (TETRA, Tetrapol, …) • Space-based PCS (Iridium, Globalstar, Inmarsat, …) • PCS Study NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Military PCS Study Overview • NATO Combined Joint Task Force deployment for Crisis Response Operation Scenario • Consider technologies within 5 years of commercial service • Preliminary study of all relevant technologies • More detailed study of representative available technologies • Concurrent limited Evaluations & Trials • Scope constrained to a small number of space-based and terrestrial systems representing inherently different approaches e. g. LEO vs. MEO vs. GEO satellite systems, GSM vs. TETRA NATO UNCLASSIFIED

PCS Study Methodology • Derive PCS Comms Requirements • Flow from identified scenario and security architecture • Consider requirements for each phase of NATO deployment • Develop Evaluation Criteria • Mandatory & Optional/Desirable Capabilities & Services including Security • Identify candidate technologies which meet requirements from • Testbed experience • Specifications, standards • Vendor Web sites • National agencies & labs • Visits to/from industry NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Other PCS Activities • AHWG of national technical, security and requirements staffs to promote security & interoperability • Work with manufacturers and TETRA user community on End – End security standards • Feed military requirements in at an early stage of civil standards development • NC 3 A Military PCS Requirements Workshop • Discuss available solutions • Coordinate how NATO and nations can move forward together • Promote open standards and interoperability NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Project DC PCS-Related Objectives Current • Complete Study of PCS Technology for Military Communication Requirements • Evaluate and Demonstrate Selected Commercial PCS Technology • E - E Secure GSM • Digital PMR/PAMR (TETRA) • Integration of Military PCS into NATO Comms Architecture • Integrate TETRA testbed infrastructure into deployable communication modules – demonstrate on field exercises Longer Term • Promote the development of NATO security algorithms and profiles in co-operation with TETRA Mo. U, National Security Agencies and manufacturers • Evaluate evolving PCS technology including: GSM and future packet data service, authentication and air interface encryption, end-to-end security and multi-mode terminals • Influence standards development? • Continue work with mfgs and user groups on E - E security NATO UNCLASSIFIED