Deep Brain Stimulation By Lisa Rosenberg
What is Deep Brain Stimulation? • Electrical probe implanted in brain • Approved by FDA in mid 1990’s • Hidden under skin • Does not damage healthy tissue • Improves motor function • For individuals who do not respond to medication
How it Works • Implanted in specific areas of brain • Differs depending upon disorder being treated • Relieves Symptoms • • Parkinson’s Essential Tremors Dystonia OCD
Illnesses Treated Parkinson’s Disease • Globus Pallidus • Subthalamic Nucleus • Thalamus • Dystonia • • • Globus Pallidus Essential Tremors Thalamus Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Ventral Capsule
Implantation of Device • Probe is smaller than a millimeter • Four metal pads on probe • Takes several hours • Several scans done to map placement • Patient is awake for surgery • Hole drilled in skull • Probe kept in place with cap
Implantation of Device Wire planted under skin Pulse generator planted under collarbone High Frequency • 100 times per second • Implanted in both sides of the brain • Programmed by wand held in front of generator • • •
Risks • • • Risks associated with surgery Intracranial Bleeds (12%) Seizures (3%) Headaches (25%) Infection (6%) Device complications Probe replacement (9%) Wire replacement (6%) Repositioning of the probe (8%) Replacement of pulse generator (17%) Risk of Death < 1%
Benefits • • • Keeps brain tissue in tact • No lesions • No destruction of the tissue Beneficial long term Costs covered by Insurance company • Around $70, 000 if no insurance Battery lasts a long time • Replaced every 3 to 7 years with a simple surgery Provides individuals with a manageable lifestyle
Future • • • Asleep DBS Done in a MRI machine Possibility to treat many functional disorders Alzheimer’s Disease Depression Developing technology
References • Encyclopedia of Surgery <www. surgeryencyclopedia. com/Ce-Fi/Deep. Brain-Stimulation. html>. • University of Pittsburgh <pre. neurosurgery. pitt. edu/centersexcellence/brain-stimulation-epilepsy-surgery/deep-brain-stimulation • Brown University <news. brown. edu/pressreleases/2011/02/dbs> • Web. MD <www. webmd. com/anxiety-panic/news/20130224/scientistspinpoint-how-deep-brain-stimulation-eases-ocd> • CBS News <Minnesota. cbslocal. com/2012/05/09/deep-brain-stimulationoffers-relief-for-people-with-parkinsons/> • UCSF<neurosurgery. ucsf. edu/index. php/movement_disorders_parkinson s. html> • WPI<aimlab. wpi. edu/research/projects/MRI_Robot_for_Neurosurgery> • How Stuff Works <science. howstuffworks. com/life/inside-themind/human-brain/deep-brain-stimulation 2. htm>
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