Dear Tom It s great to receive your email

Dear Tom, It’s great to receive your email. Now I’d like to tell you something that took place in my school yesterday. In the afternoon we held a growing-up ceremony for our coming 18 year-old birthday. At first we made an oath that as grownups we should have a sense of duty for our society form now on. Then we showed our thanks to our parents who had gone through hardships to bring us up and teachers who have been educating us patiently. And our teachers also gave us cards expressing their good wishes to us. Finally, we put on wonderful performances, singing and dancing. We learned a lot from the activity. I think it’s very important for us. I will remember the day in my life. Yours, Li Hua

What’s the function of linking word?

Links are needed between sentences to connect the ideas of the sentences to each other. Without these links, it is easy for readers to get confused. These links help readers work out what is going to happen next in a text.

What are the four common types of links between sentences? ØTime sequence words Øcause and effect words Øcontrasting words Øaddition words.

Time sequence words show the order of ideas or actions. first(ly)，second(ly) ，to begin with，then， next，earlier/later，after this/that, following this/that，afterwards

Cause and effect words show the reasons or results of doing something. since，as，so，because (of)，due to， owing to，the reason why，in other words, leads to，cause as a result，thus，so，therefore， consequently，it follows that，eventually， then，in that case

Contrasting words are used to introduce an idea that is in contrast to the idea mentioned before. however，on the other hand，despite，in spite of，though，although，but，on the contrary, otherwise，yet，instead of， rather，whereas，nonetheless，even though，compared with，in contrast， alternatively

Addition words introduce additional information in addition，and，similarly，likewise，as well as，besides，furthermore，also， moreover，and then，too，not only … but，even，besides this/that

Read and fill in the table: Time sequence Cause and Contrasting effect Other During the 1970 s and 1980 s as therefore however moreover in fact as long as a result Instead as but Addition still

Read and fill in the blanks B (1) so (2) firstly (3) secondly (4) thirdly (5) However (6) For one thing

I. Multiple choice: 1. --- I’d like to go home now. ---Why not stay here for the night? It is so late now. ____, it is raining so hard. A. Besides B. Therefore C. Instead D. As a result 2. I can’t tell you the exact time when I will get there, ______, I’ll be there as early as I can. A. No matter B. Anyhow C. Therefore D. Besides

3. You have made a few spelling mistakes in your composition, but _______, it is fairly good. A. on the whole B. generally speaking C. above all D. on one hand 4. ---When did you first meet Tom? ---On May 2, _______, the first day I came to this city. A. or rather B. at least C. on the whole D. in a word

5. He came home after midnight, and _______, he was drunk. . That made his parents very angry. A. What is more B. On the other hand C. In my opinion D. In another word 6. — I hear Johnson was badly injured in the accident. — ____, let’s go and see him. A. What’s more B. If so C. Where possible D. When necessary

7. This Englishman is good at writing, reading and ＿＿＿＿＿ is kind to others. A. above all B. first of all C. in all D. after all 8. What he said, ＿＿＿＿＿, has nothing to do with what he did. A. to my surprise B. to my surprised C. to my surprising D. to our surprises

9. ＿＿＿＿＿ his face, the young man must be over 20. A. Judged from B. Judged C. Judging from D. Judging 10. (04北京春季高考) —Do you think I should get a good guidebook? —Yes, of course. _____ , you also need a good camera and comfortable shoes. A. What’ s more B. In other words C. By the way D. All in all

11．（05 江西）—I’m afraid Mr. Wood can’t see you until 4 o’clock. —Oh, _____ I won’t wait. A．no doubt B．after all C．in that case D．in this way 12. ___ your assistance, he finished the job in only two hours. A. Owing to B. Owing C. Owed to D. Owed

13. _____ his knowledge of the mountainous country, John Smith was appointed as our guide. A. In spite of B. On account of C. Regardless of D. Instead of 14. I thought I was going to fail the exam, but I succeeded _______. 　A. first all 　　 B. in all 　　 C. at all 　　 D. after all

15. The idea of fish being able to produce electricity strong enough to light a lamp is almost unbelievable, _____ several kinds of fish are really able to do this. A. therefore 　　 B. and 　　　　 C. then 　　　　 D. but

II. 连句成篇：用适当的关联词把下列句子 连成一篇意思通顺的短文： It is usual for students to find part-time jobs. This winter vacation, I worked as a waiter at a Mc. Donald’s. It was the first time that I had earned money by myself. With the money I could buy something I needed. I was quite excited about it.

I needn’t ask my parents for money as before. I think it’s helpful for a student to know about the outside world and I also think that will help me to make preparations for the future job. I understand the value of money. I know how to get along with others. I had a fruitful vacation.

Nowadays, it is usual for students to find parttime jobs. This winter vacation, I worked as a waiter at a Mc. Donald’s. It was the first time that I had earned money by myself. With the money I could buy something I needed. I was quite excited about it. Now, as a result of a part-time job, I needn’t ask my parents for money as before. I think it’s helpful for a student to know about the outside world and I also think that will help me to make preparations for the future job. I not only understand the value of money, but also know how to get along with others. In a word, I had a fruitful vacation.

1. for one thing (P 8) adv. used to introduce a reason for something: 首先 第一, 现在人们的生活水平提高了。 For one thing, people now enjoy a higher standard of living. 一则我没钱，再则… For one thing, I haven't any money; for another. . .

2. on the contrary (P 8) adv. used to show that you think or feel the opposite of what has just been stated: 正 相反 "Didn't you find the film exciting? " "On the contrary, I nearly fell asleep half way through it!"

3. further more (P 8) adv. =furthermore in addition; more importantly: 而且, 此外 I suggest we use Barkers as our main suppliers - they're good and furthermore they're cheap. Furthermore, these child-raising families may raise other people's children in addition to their own. 而且, 这些抚养孩子的家庭除了自己的孩子外也可 以抚养其他人家的孩子。 The house is too small, and furthermore, it's too far from the office. 这座房子太小, 而且离办公地点也太远。

(2000上海）He holds an important position in the company; _____. Idon’t quite trust him. A. thus B. furthermore C. otherwise D. nevertheless

4. Today, many developing countries are heavily in debt. (P 9) 今天，许多发 展中国家负债累累。 in debt负债 They are in debt to (= owe money to) the bank. He ran/got into debt (= borrowed money) after he lost his job. The company is deep in debt (= owes a lot of money).

heavily Adv. to a great degree: 沉重地 雨下得很大, 他们发现田里已形成一条小溪 It was raining heavily and they found that a stream had formed in the field. The terrorists are heavily armed. The compound is heavily guarded. She's heavily involved in the project

1．（04全国） Mary kept weighing herself to see how much ___ she was getting. A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest 2．（04天津）Mr. Smith used to smoke but he has given it up. A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. hardly

5. catch up on (P 9) to do something you did not have time to do earlier: 弥补 She's staying late at the office to catch up with/on some reports. 我必须尽快写完我的回信。 I must catch up on my correspondence. 我有许多 作需要补做。 I have got much work to catch up on.