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Day 3: The Age of Napoleon Day 3: The Age of Napoleon

Napoleon takes power Seen as national hero Napoleon takes power Seen as national hero

Napoleon was born in Corsica Napoleon’s home Napoleon was born in Corsica Napoleon’s home

Coup d'état (Military takeover) • 1799 NB uses the army to take over the Coup d'état (Military takeover) • 1799 NB uses the army to take over the government

• 1804 NB crowns himself Emperor • 1804 NB crowns himself Emperor

Napoleon as Emperor Napoleon as Emperor

Napoleon's rule Napoleon's rule

The Napoleonic Code • Uniform laws inspired by the Revolution • Civil Code was The Napoleonic Code • Uniform laws inspired by the Revolution • Civil Code was most important – preserved individual rights • But…

Many laws restrict rights (especially women) & restores slavery in Caribbean Many laws restrict rights (especially women) & restores slavery in Caribbean

A New Bureaucracy • NB creates a new, efficient government • Promotion based on A New Bureaucracy • NB creates a new, efficient government • Promotion based on ability - not rank or birth

NB Sells Louisiana to US in 1803 for $15 m. NB Sells Louisiana to US in 1803 for $15 m.

Needs money for war in Europe & too far away to control Needs money for war in Europe & too far away to control

The Coalition • Britain, Russia, Austria, Prussia and Sweden unite against NB The Coalition • Britain, Russia, Austria, Prussia and Sweden unite against NB

Napoleonic Warfare 1. Rapid Movement 2. Divide and Conquer 3. Object not to outmaneuver, Napoleonic Warfare 1. Rapid Movement 2. Divide and Conquer 3. Object not to outmaneuver, but to destroy enemy army

4. Massed formations firing at short range 4. Massed formations firing at short range

5. Mobile artillery 5. Mobile artillery

By 1812, NB’s Empire consists of three major parts: - French Empire - dependent By 1812, NB’s Empire consists of three major parts: - French Empire - dependent states - allied states

Continental System Continental System

The Invasion of Russia The Invasion of Russia

Alexander I of Russia refuses to stop trade with Britain Alexander I of Russia refuses to stop trade with Britain

• 1812 - 400, 000 French invade http: //members. tripod. com/~shadojak/march. jpg • 1812 - 400, 000 French invade http: //members. tripod. com/~shadojak/march. jpg

Russians use scorchedearth policy Russians use scorchedearth policy

Russians burn Moscow before retreating Russians burn Moscow before retreating

Napoleon Takes Moscow Napoleon Takes Moscow

http: //www. museum. ru/museum/1812/English/Painting/ver/index. html Winter falls = NB must retreat http: //www. museum. ru/museum/1812/English/Painting/ver/index. html Winter falls = NB must retreat

Russians attack & only 10, 000 French escape Russia Russians attack & only 10, 000 French escape Russia

Napoleon in Defeat Napoleon in Defeat

Napoleon exiled to Elba off the coast of Italy Napoleon exiled to Elba off the coast of Italy

The 100 Days • Louis XVIII returned to throne by Allies • March 1, The 100 Days • Louis XVIII returned to throne by Allies • March 1, 1815 - NB escapes to Europe, welcomed by French

Waterloo (Belgium) Waterloo (Belgium)

NB's final defeat to English under the Duke of Wellington NB's final defeat to English under the Duke of Wellington

Waterloo http: //members. tripod. com/~shadojak/square. jpg Waterloo http: //members. tripod. com/~shadojak/square. jpg

Reasons for Defeat • Britain’s survival and strength • Nationalism – unique cultural identity Reasons for Defeat • Britain’s survival and strength • Nationalism – unique cultural identity of a nation. (Patriotism against France)

Final exile - NB sent to St. Helena Final exile - NB sent to St. Helena

Napoleon’s House on St. Helena Napoleon’s House on St. Helena

Dies 6 years later of cancer (? ? ? ) Dies 6 years later of cancer (? ? ? )

Napoleon’s Tomb Napoleon’s Tomb