Data-ontsluiting en analyse: radiofrequente elektromagnetische velden John Bolte (RIVM), Tessa Eikelboom (IVM, VU) Jos Kamer and Gerard van der Zande (Agentschap Telecom)
Elektromagnetisch spectrum Radiofrequente velden: 300 Hz – 300 GHz Belangrijkste bekende kortetermijn gezondheidseffecten hangen samen met opwarming Ook andere niet-thermische effecten? John Bolte RIVM & THUAS 25 January 2017
Exposure in cohorts: Questionnaires & Prediction models time-activity patterns building (materials) electrical equipment mobile phone / internet use self-reported non-specific physical symptoms / adverse health effects John Bolte RIVM & THUAS 25 January 2017
measurement set gps ELF magnetic radiofrequency John Bolte RIVM & THUAS 25 January 2017
Electric E-field activities in city centre Home Bike Railway Bike Inside shop Walk John Bolte RIVM & THUAS station Walk 25 January 2017 Bike Train
Ontsluiting: Biases en nauwkeurigheid Bolte, JFB, 2016. Lessons learnt on biases and uncertainties in personal exposure measurement surveys of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields with exposimeters. Environ. Int. . 94: 724 -35. Review. Bolte JFB, Maslanyj M, Addison D, Mee T, Kamer J, Colussi L, 2016. Do car-mounted mobile measurements used for radio-frequency spectrum regulation have an application for exposure assessments in epidemiological studies? Environ. Int. 86: 75– 83. Bolte J. F. B. , Van der Zande G. , Kamer J. , 2011. Calibration and uncertainties in personal exposure measurements of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 32(8): 652 -663. 6 John Bolte RIVM & THUAS 25 January 2017
Coupling: format - Date 12135 6 -12 -2009 0, 05 12136 6 -12 -2009 0, 05 12137 06/13/09 0, 05 12138 06/13/09 0, 05 John Bolte RIVM & THUAS 23: 59: 53 0, 05 23: 59: 57 0, 05 0: 01 0, 05 0: 05 0, 05 3833 0, 05 24, 6 0, 05 24, 5 0, 05 3833 0, 05 24, 6 0, 05 24, 5 0, 05 25 January 2017
Mechanical error: clipping John Bolte RIVM & THUAS 25 January 2017
Variability per unit and frequency band Input = 2. 5 V/m Correction factors (input/response) typically 0. 7 – 1. 5 unit 1: broke, repaired unit 2: tends to give higher registrations than rest John Bolte RIVM & THUAS 25 January 2017
Linearity (trendlines) John Bolte RIVM & THUAS 25 January 2017
0º 6 0º Horizontal Polarisation Vertical Polarisation 5 Input 2. 5 V/m Influence of the body (linear V/m scale) 5 315º 45º 2 2 1 1 0 225º 45º 3 3 270º 4 90º 135º 180º input 2, 5 V/m FM (V/m) TV 3 (V/m) TV 4&5 (V/m) GSMrx (DL) (V/m) DCSrx (DL) (V/m) UMTStx (UL) (V/m) UMTSrx (DL) (V/m) WIFI (V/m) 270º 0 225º 90º 135º 180º unit 7 John Bolte RIVM & THUAS 25 January 2017 input 2, 5 V/m FM (V/m) TV 3 (V/m) TV 4&5 (V/m) GSMrx (DL) (V/m) DCSrx (DL) (V/m) UMTStx (UL) (V/m) UMTSrx (DL) (V/m) WIFI (V/m)
Reproducibility, Temporal and Spatial variation Beekhuizen et al. , 2013 0 John Bolte RIVM & THUAS 500 1000 1500 Cumulative Distance (m) 25 January 2017
Analyse Bolte J, Eikelboom T, 2012. Personal radiofrequency electromagnetic field measurements in the Netherlands: exposure level and variability for everyday activities, times of day and types of area. Env. Internat 48: 133 -142 – DOI: 10. 1016/j. envint. 2012. 07. 006 22 John Bolte RIVM & THUAS 25 January 2017
TWA Power density (m. W/m 2): Transport hr/Nses/pax N=98, balanced: sex, age, ses, work, housing type, degree of urbanisation John Bolte RIVM & THUAS 25 January 2017
TWA Power density: At home - inside hr/Nses/pax N=98, balanced: sex, age, ses, work, housing type, degree of urbanisation John Bolte RIVM & THUAS 25 January 2017
Temporal exposure N=98, balanced: sex, age, ses, employment, type of house, degree of urbanisation John Bolte RIVM & THUAS 25 January 2017
John Bolte RIVM & THUAS 25 January 2017
Distribution of session means per activity Transport - DCS downlink John Bolte RIVM & THUAS 25 January 2017
Which exposure metric is relevant for effect? ● example: magnetic fluc density (B field) • Essence of exposure: emphasising the principal components of the exposure registration shape • time weighted average? • sudden field changes? • windows above a threshold? John Bolte RIVM & THUAS 25 January 2017
Two different AEMs - DECT (1. 8 GHz) hr/Nses/pax Powerdensity RCM N=98, balanced: sex, age, ses, work, housing type, degree of urbanisation John Bolte RIVM & THUAS 25 January 2017
Individual exposure – effect: personal medicine • • Self-declared electrosensitives Ecological Momentary Assessment – real time data – no recall bias – natural context – alarm cues at 6 hr intervals (eg. 8: 00, 14: 00, 20: 00) – 3 weeks = 63 blocks John Bolte RIVM & THUAS 25 January 2017
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