Data Centre Capacity and Electricity Use How the

Data Centre Capacity and Electricity Use How the EU Code of Conduct can help your data centre electricity bill Chris Cartledge Independent Consultant C. Cartledge@sheffield. ac. uk

Summary ICT Electricity Use Footprint Data Centre Electricity Use The Electricity Bill PUE and DCIE ASHRAE 2008 European Code of Conduct

University of Sheffield ICT Electricity Use (2008) • More than £ 1 M/year • ~ 20% Total Institution use • PCs dominate • Servers: 31% (including HPC & departmental)

University of Sheffield Data Centres Electricity • Servers, Network, PABX • Over 40% of ICT use £ 400, 000 p/a • Including departmental & remote cabinets

Data Centre Study Half a dozen Universities in North of England Primary Secondary 50 cabinets 25 cabinets 120 KW 75 KW Old, but possibly refurbished Was mainframe room Recent, built to a price, since 2000 Was a plant room

Typical University Data Centre Room UPS, but no generator Conventional aircon Dark, usually with the lights off. . . Open plan: no aisle containment Low density – typically 3 k. W/cabinet 1. 5 k. W/m 2 Up to about 10 k. W/cabinet for HPC Often not hot aisle/cold - cooling not efficient ALMOST FULL

Electricity Typical bill: £ 350, 000 Estates Computing Services Building and plant Must deliver IT service Pays electricity bill No knowledge of bill Meter data often limited Unable to monitor use No input on IT spend Buys equipment blind Major projects, CDM, M&E, PABX, etc VMWare, thin client, SAN, Po. E, IPT, etc * Limited communication and understanding *

Power usage effectiveness (PUE) Preferred measure of data centre efficiency some also quote data centre infrastructure efficiency (DCIE) PUE = Total data centre power / IT power OR, better, over a set period PUE = Total data centre energy consumption / IT energy consumption For example: 160 k. W of IT equipment (2 almost full data centres) Typical cooling, power conditioning, etc.

Data Centre Set Point Reported average: 21. 5 o. C – ASHRE recommendation now: 18 o. C to 27 o. C values from 20 o. C to 25 o. C was 20 o. C to 25 o. C up to late 2008 4% saving claimed, for 1 o. C higher Up to 20% aircon saving by raising to 26 o. C? But at what risk to service? • Less safe time in event of aircon failure What actual saving? • Fans may work harder, aircon performance not

PUE and Plant not the whole story! Is dark machine room really dark – lights out? Is obsolete equipment actually switched off? Is idle equipment actually switched off? Are most efficient servers being purchased? Is storage being used efficiently – SAN? Is virtualisation used whenever practicable? Is equipment in a hot isle/cold isle arrangement Is power consumption part of software evaluation?

European Code of Conduct on Data Centres Energy Efficiency Best Practice Guidelines to enable change – – Plan for data centre management About 120 good practices: cover all aspects Unlikely to become compulsory – – HEFCE mindful of University independence But institutions can sign up – for brownie points Real savings to be made

Best Practice Guidelines Easy to read Clearly presented Complete Project Plan Description of Project Team Practices logically categorised • eg. Deployment of new IT services Practices sequenced by time of implementation • eg. On New IT Equipment or Plant Refit Practices scored 1 - 5 in terms of likely value

Group Involvement Establish a cross disciplinary change board – Consider impacts, ensure effective solution – Definition of standard IT hardware – M&E implications of new services – Audit existing equipment Optimise and consolidate where possible Virtualisation Set point Identify and deal with little used and unused services

Sample

Some Top Rated Practices Buy energy efficient IT devices Use virtualised servers and storage Switch off hardware for unused services Virtualise little used services Separate cold air from heated return air Use free or economised cooling Increase temperature set points

Conclusion There is a lot that can be done to Reduce electricity consumption and costs Meet wider agenda Improve quality of provision Good guidance, documentation training now available There are issues Split responsibilities Costs are currently hidden Investment may be needed to make progress

References European Code of Conduct on Data Centres Energy Efficiency – http: //re. jrc. europa. eu/energyefficiency/html/standby_initiative_data_centers. htm ASHRAE - The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (advances technology to serve humanity and promote a sustainable world) – http: //tc 99. ashraetcs. org/documents/ASHRAE_Extended_Environmental_Envelope_Final_A ug_1_2008. pdf The Green Grid PUE nomenclature and