DARPA Object Services and Consulting Inc DARPA

DARPA Object Services and Consulting, Inc.

DARPA Co. AX – Coalition Agents e. Xperiment AFRL, AIAI, BBN, Boeing, Dartmouth, DSTO, GITI, Lockheed Martin ATL, Michigan, OBJS, Qineti. Q, USC/ISI, UWF/IHMC Support from DREV, DSTL, ISX, MITRE, MIT Sloan, Schafer, Stanford, TTCP http: //www. aiai. ed. ac. uk/project/coax/

Co. AX Briefing Outline u Context and Scenario u What’s New Co. AX Binni 2001 Demo Technical Detail Next Steps Transition Plans u u Co. AX/Briefing - 3

Co. AX u u Increasing military requirements for coalition operations Belief that agent computational model can support: u u u Coalition interoperability requirements Dynamic and Decentralized C 3 I International Agent Research Programmes u u u Context US DARPA Control of Agent Based Systems (Co. ABS) UK DSTL/Qineti. Q Agents Project Australian and Canadian Agents and Coalition Work TTCP C 3 I Groups for international involvement Need for “middleware” such as is provided by Co. ABS Grid Infrastructure Co. AX/Briefing - 4

Co. AX u u u Aim of Coalition TIE To address unique aspects of coalition operations through the development and evaluation of: u agent domain management services u agent task, process and event management services u Specific agent services Aim will be met through delivery of: u Phased technical demonstrations of increasing complexity u Integration of diverse agent systems u Development of generic Coalition-oriented grid services Requirements: u Use of a wide variety of different agent systems u Use of existing military (non-agent) applications Co. AX/Briefing - 5

Co. AX u u u Demonstration Schedule 1 -month demo at kick-off in February 2000 showing direct connection between DERA MBP and LM ATL AODB 6 -month integration milestone in July 2000 showing initial integration of selected Co. AX components for year 2000 demo Co. AX Binni 2000 demo in Fall 2000: u Briefing the Co. AX TIE and Binni scenario u Showing full integration of selected Co. AX components in Binni u Telling a relevant “story” about agents for information gathering Co. AX Binni 2001 demo in Fall 2001: u Fully integrating all Co. AX components in a rich coalition scenario u Expanding scope to cover dynamic re-planning Co. AX Binni 2002 demo in Fall 2002: u Showing dynamic aspects of coalition organization, domain management, tasking and event handling u Expanding scope to cover dynamic planning, coordination and execution. Co. AX/Briefing - 6

Co. AX The Co. ABS Grid u The Co. ABS/Infrastructure code provides a framework for integrating diverse agent-based systems, and provides additional common services. u The Grid allows agents to find services and other agents so that agent teams can be dynamically formed to solve context-based tasks. u The Grid is built using Jini. TM technology. Direct agent communication is provided using message queues built on JAVA RMI. Grid Logging Markup Language based on XML. Co. AX/Briefing - 7

Co. AX Components Agent Frameworks KAo. S Agents (IHMC, Boeing) NOMADS Mobile Agents (IHMC) EMAA/CAST Agents (LM-ATL) Agents on the Grid GMAS (Dartmouth, IHMC, LM-ATL) AODB Agent (LM-ATL) D’Agents (Dartmouth) Observer Agents (Dartmouth) e. Gents (OBJS) e. Gents E-mail Agents (OBJS) Malicious Agents (IHMC) DARPA Web Weather Agent (USC/ISI) Co. ABS Grid … (GITI, ISX) Military Systems CAMPS (AFRL, GITI, BBN) MBP (Qineti. Q) Situation Viewer (Qineti. Q) … Co. AX/Briefing - 8 Agent Grid Services Task, Process and Event Management (AIAI) Domain Management Services (IHMC, Boeing) Asynchronous Wireless Connectivity (OBJS) Plan Deconfliction (Michigan)

Co. AX Briefing Outline u Context and Scenario u What’s New u Co. AX Binni 2001 Demo Technical Detail Next Steps Transition Plans u u u Co. AX/Briefing - 9

Co. AX New Parts in 2001 Demo • Generic services • IHMC/Boeing - Domain management - KAo. S Grid Helper for easy integration of any grid agent, use of resource and conversation management to up pace, integration with grid security services, hierarchical domains, DAML-based KAo. S Policy Representation • AIAI/Qineti. Q - Task/process/event management - multiple panels, issue passing, reporting, more generic approach, XML process models, initial process librarian, “catch-all” for any issue and report (in simple way), can use partial knowledge • New Agent Communications Mechanisms • OBJS - e. Gents e-mail and wireless/untethered agents • Dartmouth/IHMC/LM-ATL - GMAS mobile agents • New functional parts • • • Co. AX/Briefing - 10 Michigan - Plan Deconfliction Agent Dartmouth - Observer Agents OBJS – MBNLI natural language data base queries Qineti. Q – Interface Agents and Semantic Interoperability (XSLT) All - Shared models and messages in XML format

Co. AX Briefing Outline u Context and Scenario What’s New u Co. AX Binni 2001 Demo u Technical Detail Next Steps Transition Plans u u u Co. AX/Briefing - 11

Co. AX Demo Emphasis Execution Initial Planning • • • Political aims Military guidance Campaign planning Commander's intent Deployment • • Variable Organizations An opponent Campaign re-planning Short-noticetaskings Operation execution Execution monitoring Reporting / feedback Outcome assessment Linear Dynamic / iterative uncertain Focus of the Co. AX Binni 2000 Demo Focus of the Co. AX Binni 2001 Demo Co. AX/Briefing - 12 Recovery • Conflict resolution • Re-deployment • Peace support Linear

N W Forces separated by Firestorm E GAO S Cape Amstado Kaso Lagoon LAKE Cac a Jacal CACA Daka Binni Gao forces li Amisa a ac e. C Laki Safari Park Afram hit W False Gao forces Maw ORM EST wa po Ka FIR Agadez Forces O fin Pra Cape Vincent Ankobra Tana a False Agadez forces AGADEZ Black Cac

GRAND STRATEGIC UN GOVERNMENTS UN Secretary General MILITARY STRATEGIC National Grand Strategic Joint HQs OGDs HOME BASE UN SRSG NGOs THEATRE JOINT TASK FORCE HQ Joint Task Force (JTF HQ) Commander Staffs: J 1 - 9 + Nat'l Reps JTFC OPERATIONAL Joint Force Maritime Component Commander (JFMCC in JFMC HQ) Staffs: N 1 - 9 + Nat'l Reps JFMCC JFLCC Coalition TACTICAL Joint Force Land Component Commander (JFLCC in JFLC HQ) Staffs: G 1 - 9 + Nat'l Reps Maritime Units JFACC Coalition Nat'l Reps Joint Force Air Component Commander (JFACC in JFAC HQ) Staffs: A 1 - 9 + Nat'l Reps Land Units Coalition Nat'l Reps Air Units Nat'l Reps Other Components: LOGISTICS, MARINES, SF etc

Co. AX 18 -month Demo - Agent Domains Coalition / JTFHQ Process Panel JFAC HQ AL Plan Db 3 AODB MBP Plans CAOC / Combat Ops Event Panel CODB MBP Ops Db 4 Common / Shared Intel UNSGSR UN Panel Observers D'agent D'AO D'GO e-gent Db 2 Other Gao Obs NOMADS Guarded “Observers” MCA Db 1 GRID / Agent-enabled Intrastructure / Admin Tools UK National HQ Dbi Intel UK Ariadne US National HQ AODB Weather EMAA Intel US CAMPS Other National HQ ALDB Dbiii CYBERSPACE MBNLI Dbii Gao Intel e-gents

US HQ UK HQ M&S Pre-canned data to drive Sit. View out, authorised changes in. ALDB Browser Weather Viz MBP Ops CAMPS AODB Intel US Intel UK Plan changes out, deconflictions in 'Real-time' feed Sit. View Browser Event Panel Combat Ops FAST / MBP Plans Deconflict JFAC HQ Plan changes in, deconflictions out Process Panel JTFHQ Grid / Common / Shared Coalition data The Coalition KPAT The World (Binni) XSLT Interface MBNLI Laki CYBERSPACE e-gent Firestorm GO! Ariadne D'GO MBNLI JSTARS Grid helper Gao Obs D'AO Weather Obs Db D'GO Observers 'db'

Co. AX

Part 1: 1505 - Firestorm media issue at UN - JTFC considers alternatives to Firestorm and tasks JFACC to report. JTFHQ JFAC HQ US HQ Combat Ops UN Tasking Events I-DEEL Event Panel Process Panel I-LEED COAs Top-level task to JFACC and 3 sub-tasks Grid / Common / Shared Coalition data The Coalition UK HQ

Part 2: 1515 - Cbt Ops staff enter tasking events into the Event Panel and use MBP Ops to find out time left for decisions. JTFHQ JFAC HQ US HQ UK HQ Combat Ops I-DEEL Event Panel Process Panel Events MBP Ops I-LEED Evaluate timing info (First aircraft are already airborne, 48 minutes to commit, 106 mins left before TOT, ) Confirm task underway Report times to JTFC Grid / Common / Shared Coalition data The Coalition

Part 3: 1520 - Cbt Ops staff locate wildlife info via Internet. Staff subscribe to the e-Gents service. MBNLI used. JTFHQ JFAC HQ US HQ Browser Combat Ops (4, 8) Herd data (3) Subscribe Grid / Common / Shared Coalition data The Coalition The World (Binni) CYBERSPACE MBNLI Laki e-gent UK HQ

Laki Safari Park e e e e JTF HQ (1) JTFC requests confirmation the Firestorm won't create media problem over wildlife JFAC HQ (2) JFACC then requests information (RFI) about movements of mammals in the Firestorm area (3) JFAC staff search web and find Laki web site and use subscribe link Web Browser CAOC / Combat Ops Web Browser (5) e-gents on elephants are emailed an info update requested (6) e-gents on elephants return updated data Laki Safari Park Home Page Update Elephant Information WFPW Database (4, 8) Non-english operator uses MNBLI to find out herd migration data (7) which then updates site data / content MBNLI interface Site data KAo. S / The Grid

Part 4: 1525 - Combat Ops staff create feed from Laki site to MBP Ops / Sit. View using Ariadne wrapper / XSLT Translator. JTFHQ JFAC HQ US HQ UK HQ Combat Ops M&S Grid / Common / Shared Coalition data The Coalition XSLT Interface (9) Wrap The World (Binni) CYBERSPACE Laki e-gent 'Pre-canned' elephant movement data Ariadne

JTF HQ PP Laki Safari Park e e e e (1) JTFC requests confirmation that the Firestorm won't create media problem over wildlife (11) Response recieved JFAC HQ (2) JFACC then requests information (RFI) about movements of mammals in the Firestorm area EP (10) Information returned. . . CAOC / Combat Ops MBP Ops Situation Viewer Herd Icon Herd Data KAo. S / The Grid Laki Safari Park Home Page Update Elephant Information WFPW Database (9) CAOC staff use Ariadne-wrapped site data to feed CAOC / observers domain XSLT Interface Agent Ariadne wrapper Site data

Part 5: 1526 - JTFC authorises Firestorm 'Go'. Laki / observer info dynamically redisplayed on MBP Ops / Sit. Viewer. US HQ UK HQ 'Real-time' feed MBP Ops JFAC HQ Sit. View JTFHQ Provide Observer data Grid / Common / Shared Coalition data The Coalition The World (Binni) CYBERSPACE XSLT Interface (9) Wrap Firestorm GO! D'GO JSTARS Grid helper Gao Obs Db D'AO Observers 'db'

Part 6: 1535 - 2 ndry target plan from MBP must now be deconflicted with existing plans. JTFHQ JFAC HQ US HQ UK HQ Combat Ops Plan changes in, deconflictions out Plan OK / not OK Other 'plan' information ALDB MBP Ops Deconflict MCA I-DEEL Event Panel Events AODB CODB Intel US Plan changes out, deconflictions in Grid / Common / Shared Coalition data The Coalition The World (Binni) CYBERSPACE Intel UK

Combat Ops MBP Ops 2) MBP Operator told to re-plan / revise to avoid elephants 1) Event: avoid elephants Entered into IDEEL 5) Progess reported to I -DEEL and finished [OK / NOT OK] 3) MBP requests deconfliction of modified plans from MCA 4) MCA gets other plans from other agents (or from file or URL or stored in memory) I-DEEL (Chief of Combat Ops) 6) MCA detailed results can be viewed in GUI Iterate

Part 7: 1601 - Agadez fighters start HVAA, JSTARS must 'regress' and observer agents on board 'SCRAM' elsewhere. JTFHQ JFAC HQ US HQ UK HQ Combat Ops Intel UK 'Real-time' feed Intel US Agadez Attack!!! Pre-canned data to drive Sit. View out, authorised changes in. M&S I-DEEL Event Panel Process Panel Events Sit. View I-LEED Go Grid / Common / Shared Coalition data Go The Coalition KPAT The World (Binni) CYBERSPACE Interface NRT Data Firestorm GO! Agadez HVAA D'GO JSTARS Grid helper Gao Obs Db D'AO Observers 'db'

Co. AX Briefing Outline u Context and Scenario What’s New Co. AX Binni 2001 Demo u Technical Detail u Next Steps Transition Plans u u u Co. AX/Briefing - 28

Co. AX Technical Details u UWF/IHMC – Domain Management and Mobility & Security Services u Edinburgh/AIAI – Process and Event Panels Qineti. Q – Shared Visualisations and Data Translation OBJS – e. Gents Agents Over E-mail USC/ISI – Open Information Access Michigan – Plan Coordination u u Co. AX/Briefing - 29

Co. AX Agent Domains DM • Group of agents registered with a common Domain Manager • Can be distributed across multiple hosts • Can be hierarchical/nested or “overlapping”(2002 implementation) • Provides for common administration and enforcement of domain-wide, VM-specific, and agent-specific policies. Co. AX/Briefing - 30

Co. AX Coalition Domain Types Other Nation's 'Domain' JFAC HQ's Organizational 'Domain' Tactical Air Operations Functional 'Domain' Co. AX/Briefing - 31 UK Country 'Domain' JTFHQ's Organizational 'Domain' US Country 'Domain'

Co. AX u u u Policy Concerns Go Beyond Typical Security Issues Access management: Who can access what services? Registration management: Who can join the domain under what circumstances? Resource management: Who can have which kind and how much of a given computing resource? Mobility management: What constraints should be placed on mobile code? Communication management: What constraints govern conversations among agents? Obligation management: Are agents meeting their commitments? Co. AX/Briefing - 32

New Development: KAo. S Agent Registration Helper Co. AX u u Generic KAo. SGuard is instantiated automatically u Registration of Guard with Domain Manager handled u Guard enforces policies or delegates to other enforcers u Expanding set of policies that generic Guard can enforce Domain Registration is handled automatically u KAo. SAgent. Registration. Helper registers both with the Grid and with the Domain Manager u Domain Manager verifies that agent is guarded u Domain-aware agents will be able to: u u u register simultaneously with multiple domains register and unregister at will Collaboration with GITI resulted in many improvements in the latest Co. ABS Grid Release Co. AX/Briefing - 33

Co. AX u DAML (DARPA Agent Markup Language) extends *ML semantics: u XML allows users to add arbitrary structures u u Next Steps: KAo. S Policy Representation (KPR) RDF extends XML, meaning expressed in subject-verb-object triples DAML extends RDF to express taxonomies and inference rules Is being defined by DARPA and the W 3 C (www. daml. org) KPR Description u DAML-based ontologies Distinguishes between authorizations and obligations u Provides basis for: u Policy conflict resolution u Policy disclosure management u Reasoning about actions u Policy specification Co. AX/Briefing - 34 u

Co. AX u NOMADS adds mobility services to the Co. ABS Grid u Allows new agents to be launched to systems as needed u Allows agents to move across systems u u u NOMADS Mobility and Security Mobility may be forced (external event driven) or autonomous Forced mobility scenario – Scramming agents from J-STARS to Ground Platform (18 -month demo) NOMADS provides secure execution of agents u Custom Aroma Java Virtual Machine provides extensive resource control capabilities u Enforces resource policies specified through KAo. S u Protects against Denial-of-service attacks (shown in 9 month demo) u Dynamically adjusts resources based on mission priorities (30 -month demo) u Working with Sun Labs to transition resource control into commercial Java Co. AX/Briefing - 35

Co. AX Technical Details u UWF/IHMC – Domain Management and Mobility & Security Services u Edinburgh/AIAI – Process and Event Panels u Qineti. Q – Shared Visualisations and Translation OBJS – e. Gents Agents Over E-mail USC/ISI – Open Information Access Michigan – Plan Coordination u u u Co. AX/Briefing - 36 Data

Co. AX u u Aim is a Workflow “Catch All” Can take ANY requirement to: u Handle an issue u Perform an activity u Respect a constraint Deals with these via: u Internal capabilities u External capabilities u Manual activity u Reroute or delegate to other panels or agents u Plan and execute a composite of these capabilities Receives reports and interprets them to: u Understand current status of issues, activities and constraints u Understand current world state, especially status of process products u Help user control the situation Copes with partial knowledge Co. AX/Briefing - 37

Co. AX u u I-X Approach The I-X approach involves the use of shared models for task directed communication between human and computer agents who are jointly exploring (via some process(es)) a range of alternative options for the synthesis of an artifact such as a design or a plan (termed a product). I-X system or agent has two cycles: u Handle Issues u Respect Domain Constraints I-X system or agent carries out a (perhaps dynamically determined) process which leads to the production of (one or more alternative options for) a synthesised artifact. I-X system or agent views the synthesised artifact as being represented by a set of constraints on the space of all possible artifacts in the domain. Co. AX/Briefing - 38

Co. AX I-TEST, I-LEED & I-DEEL DARPA Co. ABS Grid Co. AX/Briefing - 39

Co. AX u u Technical Details UWF/IHMC – Domain Management and Mobility & Security Services Edinburgh/AIAI – Process and Event Panels u Qineti. Q – Shared Visualisations and Translation u OBJS – e. Gents Agents Over E-mail USC/ISI – Open Information Access Michigan – Plan Coordination u u Co. AX/Briefing - 40 Data

Co. AX Qineti. Q Technical Input u u Storyboard & scenario data Systems integration lead Master Battle Planner Flexible Visualisation u u u Co. AX/Briefing - 41 Use of Embodied Interface Agents / NLP Translation and forwarding agents Semantic Web Technology investigation

Co. AX/Briefing - 42 Master Battle Planner

Co. AX Flexible Visualisation u u u Co. AX/Briefing - 43 Allow customisable visualisation of any coalition data Map-based visualisation using Open. Map (BBN Technologies) Multiple projections; terrain data etc Layers allow clean separation of information and rapid addition of new requirements Agent-enabled for distributed visualisation of dynamic data Data translation allows almost any XML input. . .

Co. AX/Briefing - 44 Flexible Visualisation

Co. AX Translation Agents u u u Co. AX/Briefing - 45 Agent using XSL Transformations allows complete reformatting of XML message Input via Grid (active or passive), file, HTTP. . . Automatic translation and forwarding once set up (to any number of agents). Rapid integration and change possible due to declarative mapping Result: general-purpose “glue” for agent integration

Co. AX Gr id Translation Agents Stylesheet <? xml version="1. 0"? > <xsl: stylesheet xmlns: xsl= "http: //www. w 3. org/ 1999/XSL/Transform" version="1. 0"> <xsl: output method="xml" indent="yes"/> HTTP s ile F Co. AX/Briefing - 46 <xsl: template match="obmsg"> <MBPDATA> <xsl: apply-templates select= "obs|obsvr"/> </MBPDATA> </xsl: template> Other Agents

Co. AX Translation Agents <agent_output date='Tue Jul 17 13: 52: 24 GMT+01: 00 2001'> <OBJECT> <ROW> <hname>Big_Bill</hname> <location>34. 51. 80 E/17. 01. 70 N</location> <altitude>270</altitude> <velocity>5</velocity> <airtemp>91</airtemp> <humidity>31</humidity> <bodytemp>99</bodytemp> <bloodpressure>110/50</bloodpressure> <pulse>72</pulse> <basalskinresponse>430</basalskinresponse>encoding="UTF-8"? > <? xml version="1. 0" <time>2012/09/24_17: 00</time> <MBPDATA> </ROW></OBJECT> <MBPOBJECT> </agent_output> <GROUND> <ID>Elephant_Big_Bill</ID> <NOTES>Elephant data from Egents</NOTES> <LOCATION EW="E" NS="N" LON="34. 8722" LAT="17. 0361"/> <ALLEGIANCE VALUE="3"/> <STATUS VALUE="2"/> <DESCRIPTION>Elephant Herd Leader</DESCRIPTION> <MOBILITY VALUE="2"/> </GROUND> </MBPOBJECT> </MBPDATA> Co. AX/Briefing - 47

Co. AX Semantic Web u u u Co. AX/Briefing - 48 Investigations into Resource Description Framework (RDF), DARPA Agent Markup Language/Ontology Inference Layer (DAML+OIL) and the W 3 C Semantic Web initiative “The way the web was meant to be” Powerful and flexible storage and search of data - beyond databases Potential for automated discovery and invocation of agents and services Publication in SWWS

Co. AX/Briefing - 49 RDF Browser

Co. AX Semantic Web - Examples u u u Co. AX/Briefing - 50 Backing knowledge base for Sit. Viewer Auto translation (unique names; URIs) ACL (more flexible than XML) Assembly of partial data, with timestamp, origin and other metadata Markup of human-readable documents

Co. AX u u u Technical Details UWF/IHMC – Domain Management and Mobility & Security Services Edinburgh/AIAI – Process and Event Panels Qineti. Q – Shared Visualisations and Data Translation u OBJS – e. Gents Agents Over E-mail u USC/ISI – Open Information Access Michigan – Plan Coordination u Co. AX/Briefing - 51

Co. AX OBJS e. Gents: Agents over E-mail Problem • Dynamic military situations are often disconnected and asynchronous. Need a scalable way to deliver agent messages to 1000’s of (wireless) platforms. • Agent systems are often closed and require a lot of specialized agent technology. Email is a common denominator in coalition situations. Approach • Thesis: Integration of agent technology with pervasive Web-ORB-E-mail backplanes is a route to making agent technology open, pervasive and robust. • e. Gents are agents which communicate over e-mail. e. Gents leverages pervasive, robust email infrastructure, inherits support for disconnected operations, message queueing, mobile users, firewalls, filtering, logging, and security. e. Gents use FIPA or KQML Agent Communication Language (ACL) encoded in XML. No ACL parser needed. Status: Prototype, NEO demo, gridified, on wireless Palm. Spec submitted to FIPA. Co. AX/Briefing - 52 Co. AX Impact • By 2012 imagine free e. Gents attached to sensors, actuators, people, equipment, & locations as pervasive observers & actors • Anyone with e-mail can create an agent service that anyone else can use. New e. Gent apps can be downloaded to the field as situations change. e. Gents Inside Evacuees Command Post Medevac Liaison Family Member In one e. Gents application, each evacuees are given a Personal Status Monitor, which measures location, vital signs, etc. The PSM contains an e. Gent which intermittently communicates to subscribing entities using email protocols.

Co. AX/Briefing - 53 OBJS e. Gents: Agents over E-mail

Co. AX Technical Details u UWF/IHMC – Domain Management and Mobility & Security Services Edinburgh/AIAI – Process and Event Panels Qineti. Q – Shared Visualisations and Data Translation OBJS – e. Gents Agents Over E-mail u USC/ISI – Open Information Access u Michigan – Plan Coordination u u u Co. AX/Briefing - 54

Co. AX u Provide real-time access to Web data sources u u USC/ISI Open Information Access Tools for learning wrappers to extract data for semi-structured sources Agents learn the structure of data to support: u Source verification automatically detect when the source no longer provides correct data (possibly because the source has changed) u Source reinduction automatically revise wrapper when site change Co. AX/Briefing - 55

Co. AX/Briefing - 56

Co. AX Technical Details u UWF/IHMC – Domain Management and Mobility & Security Services Edinburgh/AIAI – Process and Event Panels Qineti. Q – Shared Visualisations and Data Translation OBJS – e. Gents Agents Over E-mail USC/ISI – Open Information Access u Michigan – Plan Coordination u u Co. AX/Briefing - 57

Some Solution Concepts Co. AX u Agents’ plans can be represented hierarchically, where abstract levels summarize the (alternative) activities they encompass Operation_First. Aid FLY USS_H_Clinton Ingress 1 FLY Egress 2 USS_H_Clinton Provide_Supply_via_Trucks Supply_via_Depot 2 FLY Ingress 1 Trucks FLY Ingress 1 Depot 2 Supply_Trucks Co. AX/Briefing - 58 FLY Trucks Egress 2 Supply_Depot 2 FLY Depot 2 Egress 2

Co. AX u u Some Solution Concepts (cont) Abstract plan spaces can be searched more efficiently (top-down) to discover potential conflicts and to evaluate potential resolutions Choosing the level for resolving conflicts balances coordination effort with the quality of concurrent activity and plan robustness Co. AX/Briefing - 59

Co. AX/Briefing - 60 Top-Down Coordination

Co. AX/Briefing - 61 Top-Down Coordination

Co. AX/Briefing - 62 Top-Down Coordination

Co. AX/Briefing - 63 Top-Down Coordination

Co. AX/Briefing - 64 Top-Down Coordination

Co. AX/Briefing - 65 Top-Down Coordination

Co. AX/Briefing - 66 Top-Down Coordination

Co. AX/Briefing - 67 Top-Down Coordination

Co. AX/Briefing - 68 Top-Down Coordination

Co. AX u u u u MCA: Multi-Level Coordination Agent MCA implemented as a Grid-aware service Demonstrated applicability in various tasks MCA integrated into Coalition Agents e. Xperiment TIE Receives intended plan information from Master Battle Planner, along with plans from “other” allied agents Notifies user(s) through process panel of any conflicts and alternative ways of deconflicting Respects hard time commitments of MBP and of activities already in progress Allows user to select an option (or none) Co. AX/Briefing - 69

Co. AX/Briefing - 70 Deconfliction Options

Co. AX u u u Future Plans Increasing the ability to work quickly and effectively in non-episodic cases (e. g. , incremental coalition formation) Distributing MCA services across multiple agents to improve reliability and scalability Design and analyze extensions for efficiently discovering and exploiting synergistic interactions Experiment on increasingly difficult (Coalition) scenarios Transition: Co. AX, STRATCOM? , NASA-JPL Co. AX/Briefing - 71

Co. AX Briefing Outline u Context and Scenario What’s New Co. AX Binni 2001 Demo Technical Detail u Next Steps u Transition Plans u u u Co. AX/Briefing - 72

Co. AX u Dynamic “come as you are” coalition formation u u u u Dynamic creation of ‘virtual coalition organization’ Agents and domains added to coalition structure ‘on-the-fly’ Dynamic coalition tasks and processes Tailored visualizations / interface agents Tools to improve human / software agent interaction High-level tools usable without specialized training Packaged generic Grid services: u u u Co. AX Binni 2002 (Fall 2002) Demo Plan Domain management and DAML-based policy analysis Task, process, and event management Involvement of more countries and organizations u u u Co. AX/Briefing - 73 USA – BBN – Mixed initiative agents & dynamic information flow Australia – DSTO – Logistics planning and information analysis Canada – DREV - discussions begun

Co. AX Briefing Outline u Context and Scenario What’s New Co. AX Binni 2001 Demo Technical Detail Next Steps u Transition Plans u u Co. AX/Briefing - 74

Co. AX Transition Program 2000 2001 Co. AX Binni 2002 2003 Co. AX International? Co. AX Air (MC/JFEX 2002) Co. AX Navy? (FBE-J, OC 2004) Co. AX Rescue? (Civilian) Co. AX/Briefing - 75

Co. AX u u Co. AX "PI Team" clarified: Jeff Bradshaw (UWF/IHMC), Austin Tate (AIAI, Edinburgh), Patrick Beautement and Mike Kirton (Qineti. Q, Malvern). Structure for outreach or transitioning of the Co. AX work: u u u u Name Co. AX used only if approved by the PI Team Any number of current Co. AX and other participants Lead need not be a member of PI Team Report back to Co. AX participants will be given Co. AX “Outreach Program" structure allows for future flexibility and possibilities u u u Co. AX Binni Co. AX Air Co. AX Navy Co. AX Rescue Agreements u u Co. AX Transition Plan Co. AX International Co. AX Rescue – Civilian Disaster Relief KSCO – Knowledge Systems for Coalition Operations Co. AX/Briefing - 76

N W E GAO S Cape Amstado Kaso Lagoon LAKE Cac a Jacal CACA Daka Binni Maw li Amisa a ac e. C Afram hit W Laki Safari Park Pra O fin wa po Ka Cape Vincent Ankobra Tana a Black Cac AGADEZ

Co. AX 2002 Demo - Agent Domains (Draft) Common / Shared Intel Coalition / JTFHQ Co. AX Deconflict Decision Desktop JFMC HQ Db 5 Rel ? ? ? Browser Event Panels 'Combat Support System' Task Force COC ASW ? ? ? Db 6 Sit. Viewer Intel feed / 'fusion' JFAC HQ AL Plan Db 3 Browser Event Panels Rel AODB FAST / MBP Plans JAOC / Combat Ops FAST / MBP Ops Db 4 Browser Sit. Viewer Db 1 Process Panel Event Panels Sit. Viewer Event Panels Log data KPAT Weather Cell Weather Local data Observers D'AO D'GO D'agent Browser Rel ? ? ? Sys Admin Rel CODB Db 2 e-Gent Other Gao Obs GRID / Agent-enabled Infrastructure / Admin Tools UK National HQ Dbi Intel UK Arabello HQ Dbii Weather Co. AX/Briefing - 79 Intel ASW Ariadne CAMPS Dbiii Sit. Viewer CODB EMAA US National HQ AODB CYBERSPACE Intel US Gao ALDB Laki Dbiv Gao Intel e-Gent

Co. AX Further Details u http: //www. aiai. ed. ac. uk/project/coax/ u Materials for this briefing are at: http: //www. aiai. ed. ac. uk/project/coax/darpa/ Co. AX/Briefing - 80