DARPA Co AX Coalition TIE Technology Integration

DARPA Co. AX – Coalition TIE Technology Integration Experiment AFRL Rome, AIAI, Boeing, Dartmouth, DERA Malvern, Lockheed Martin ATL, Michigan, OBJS, USC/ISI, UWF/IHMC Support from BBN, GITI, ISX, MITRE, MIT Sloan, Schafer, Stanford Coalition Agents e. Xperiment (Co. AX) http: //www. aiai. ed. ac. uk/project/coax/

Briefing Outline Co. AX u Aims and Contributions u Demonstration Next Steps and Summary u Co. AX/Briefing - 2

Co. AX u u u Increasing military requirements for coalition operations Belief that agent computational model is a good fit to meet coalition interoperability requirements US and UK Agent Research Programmes u u u Context US DARPA Control of Agent Based Systems (Co. ABS) UK DERA Agents Project Need for “middleware” such as is provided by Co. ABS Grid Infrastructure Co. AX/Briefing - 3

Co. AX u To address unique aspects of coalition operations through the development and evaluation of: u u u agent domain management services agent task, process and event management services Aim will be met through delivery of: u u Aim of Coalition TIE Phased technical demonstrations of increasing complexity Connection of a variety of diverse agent systems Development of generic Coalition-oriented grid services Requirements: u u Co. AX/Briefing - 4 Use of a wide variety of different agent systems Use of existing military (non-agent) applications

Co. AX u Different cultures, doctrines, and languages: u u Different doctrine, decision making, rules of engagement and, in general, mission “agendas” Command authorities - agreement and transfers Different interpretation of situational information Incompatibility of respective national information systems: u u u Key Coalition Drivers Different technology skill and equipment levels Lack of information systems resource sharing agreements Variable reliability of components and infrastructures Lack of compatible security architectures Need for rapid configuration and reconfiguration by personnel with limited training Limited models for coalition force operations Derived from Le. Roy Pearce (Canadian MOD), 1999 Co. AX/Briefing - 5

Co. AX u u u Co. AX/Briefing - 6 Key Technical Drivers Cannot assume interoperability, reliability or availability of different nations systems Need for partial (secure) sharing and visualization of processes, data and facilities Need to work with agents in multiple dynamically determined domains Need for flexible inter-agent task, process & event management Need for rapid formation, management and change of agent relationships

Co. AX Components Agents on the Grid AODB Agent (LM-ATL) Observer Agents (Dartmouth) e. Gents E-mail Agents (OBJS) Malicious Agents (IHMC) Web Weather Agent (USC/ISI) … Military Systems CAMPS (AFRL, GITI, BBN) MBP (DERA) … Co. AX/Briefing - 7 Agent Frameworks KAo. S Agents (Boeing, IHMC) NOMADS Mobile Agents (IHMC) EMAA/CAST Agents (LM-ATL) D’Agents (Dartmouth) e. Gents (OBJS) DARPA Co. ABS Grid (GITI, ISX) Agent Grid Services Task and Process Management (AIAI) Domain Management Services (IHMC, Boeing) Asynchronous Wireless Connectivity (OBJS) Plan Deconfliction (Michigan)

Co. AX u u u u Agent Domain Management in Co. AX Broadens typical distributed security concerns to include: Access management: Who can access what services? Registration management: Who can join the domain under what circumstances? Resource management: Who can have which kind and how much of a given computing resource? Mobility management: What constraints should be placed on mobile code? Communication management: What constraints govern interaction between conversing agents? Obligation management: Are agents meeting their commitments? Initial capability shown in 9 -month demo Initial Capability slated for 18 -month demo Initial capability slated for 30 -month demo Co. AX/Briefing - 8

Co. AX u u u Task, Process, and Event Management in Co. AX Initially maintains an overview of the current status of the coalition C 2 processes in accessible shared military terms. Can take on and address “issues” in the C 2 process. Later adds the ability to monitor, plan and control the coalition C 2 processes and deal with events arising from execution. Links to and assists with domain management, authority, exception management and other Grid management services. To be packaged as generic task and process management facilities that can be made available to other Grid applications. Initial capability shown in 9 -month demo Initial Capability slated for 18 -month demo Initial capability slated for 30 -month demo Co. AX/Briefing - 9

Co. AX u u u Focus on information-gathering phase of a Coalition Operation First interoperation of agent-wrapped legacy and existing US and UK systems (AFRL/BBN/GITI CAMPS and DERA MBP) Agents and domains u u 6 agent domains and ~25 agents USC/ISI Ariadne agent providing publicly-available weather info Initial AIAI Process Panel Domain management functionality u u u Demo Overview Malicious observer agent thwarted by IHMC KAo. S domain management and NOMADS resource control mechanisms IHMC KAo. S Policy Administration Tool (KPAT) administering communication, registration, and resource policies Stand-alone demonstrations: u u MIT exception handling U. Michigan plan deconfliction Dartmouth ‘observer agents’ OBJS e. Gents Co. AX/Briefing - 10

Briefing Outline Co. AX u u Demonstration u Co. AX/Briefing - 11 Aims and Contributions Next Steps and Summary

Co. AX Coalition Domain Types Other Nation's 'Domain' JFAC HQ's Organizational 'Domain' Tactical Air Operations Functional 'Domain' Co. AX/Briefing - 12 UK Country 'Domain' JTFHQ's Organizational 'Domain' US Country 'Domain'

Co. AX Current Demo Agents and Domains Gao Intel Dbii DM 2 Intel 2 Dbi JTF HQ JFAC HQ US DM 4 MM 4 AL Plan AODB PP' MM 3 DM 3 MBP Intel 1 Weather Viz MM 1 DM 1 LM-ATL AODB Co. AX/Briefing - 13 CAMPS ALDB MM 2 Ariadne Weather Observers (Intel) MM 5 DAO DM 5 Gao Obs. GAO NOMADS Guarded “Observers”

Co. AX Binni - Gateway to the Golden Bowl of Africa Cape Kaso Lagoon. Amstado Cac a Jacal Daka Maw li ca Ca Afram te hi W Amisa Pra a fin O Ka w po Ankobra Cape Vincent Tana aca Black C Rathmell, R. A. (1999) A Coalition Force Scenario 'Binni - Gateway to the Golden Bowl of Africa', In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Knowledge-Based Planning for Coalition Forces, (ed. Tate, A. ) pp. 115 -125, Edinburgh, Scotland, 10 th-11 th May 1999. Co. AX/Briefing - 14

N E Kaso Lagoon GAO S Cape Amstado LAKE Cac a Jacal CACA Daka Binni li Amisa R Agadez forces fin wa po Ka Pra O ES TO R ca Ca M te hi W Afram Gao forces Maw FI W Forces separated by Firestorm Cape Vincent Ankobra Tana aca Black C AGADEZ

GRAND STRATEGIC UN UN Secretary General Co. AX MILITARY STRATEGIC GOVERNMENTS National Grand Strategic Joint HQs OGDs HOME BASE UN SRSG NGOs THEATRE US JOINT TASK FORCE HQ Joint Task Force (JTF HQ) Commander Staffs: J 1 - 9 + Nat'l Reps JTFC Other Components: OPERATIONAL GAO Joint Force Maritime Component Commander (JFMCC in JFMC HQ) Staffs: N 1 - 9 + Nat'l Reps JFMCC JFLCC Coalition TACTICAL Joint Force Land Component Commander (JFLCC in JFLC HQ) Staffs: G 1 - 9 + Nat'l Reps Maritime Units Nat'l Personnel Joint Force Air Component Commander (JFACC in JFAC HQ) Staffs: A 1 - 9 + Nat'l Reps JFACC Coalition Land Units Nat'l Personnel Coalition Air Units Nat'l Personnel Binni Coalition - C 2 Structure and Commanders' Responsibilities Co. AX/Briefing - 16 LOGISTICS, MARINES, SF etc

N im-Gao Anala Libar Biloo ×Q Asoba CACA REGION Binni 788 tea Jinja Kw ahu li Pla Kamongo Sagiba Maw UGWULU 175 WESTERN REGION te ca Ca 613 Nedalla IRE F ORM ST Langford Bisha Lissa 123 Achobo LAKI Agadez × Forces e ca G CENTRAL REGION Jamestown Kingtown Pra Donga Salisbury 588 Ca Sagotown 752 Sellerham g or Wazilla Belucar Komenda Slabo Ankobra Q × COSTA DEL MARIA Cape Vincent Sonara EASTERN REGION Tana Akimbo aca Black C 613 542 Kutchi Deanville e llop a Esc To Petit Paris Bisa Anguiba To arra To H AGADEZ Diplombo Elmina Sandosta Suthertown Wampimba False Agadez forces Saltpond Amisa Polia Laki Safari Park Falo 436 Adaido 707 St Andrews To AGADEZ K UPPER REGION Wonka fin hi W Epidurango Slafito wa Zaribe Gonobo Grandvache Zingato 482 o ap e Ra wa ng a ASHANTI REGION × 390 BANDAR REGION Bonrope 775 At Aida Libretto BANDAR Blackman Tonka NORTHERN REGION 268 Kwanabouri Nanga Esuko Laponga SIKASSO Caca Dam Brongo Daka Gao × forces CACA O arpme LAKE Afram nt Q Masembi Gambaga Dado a Higgville Q ga Esc 527 Minga Cac Dinga Q mbo Laval Zatu u Jacal Gamba. Q Bave CACA Kolla 876 Hakkali REGION Range Cape Amstado Kaso Lagoon To S amp To P ifillo To Cunmege S Akwap Red Sea Kaso egu le GAO E ecil Grandville Antok To T W To C

Co. AX Observers Domain Structure Gao Intel JTF HQ US JFAC HQ Observers (Intel) MM DM Gao Obs. DAO GAO Co. AX/Briefing - 18 NOMADS Guarded “Observers”

Briefing Outline Co. AX u Aims and Contributions Demonstration u Next Steps and Summary u Co. AX/Briefing - 19

Co. AX Demo Emphasis Co. AX Execution Initial Planning • • • Political aims Military guidance Campaign planning Commander's intent Deployment • • Variable Organizations An opponent Campaign re-planning Short-notice taskings Operation execution Execution monitoring Reporting / feedback Outcome assessment More Linear Dynamic / iterative uncertain Is the focus of the current demo Recovery • Conflict resolution • Re-deployment • Peace support Is the focus of the Co. AX 18 -month demo More Linear Co. AX 30 -month demo Covers all the above, plus greater levels of dynamic response and adaptation to changes in Coalition structures, capabilities and services. Co. AX/Briefing - 20

Co. AX u More realism in coalition structures u u u All Co. AX members integrated (9 domains and ~35 agents) Coalition agents playing multiple roles in different domains New policies provide additional robustness and responsiveness Added functionality in process and task management Increased scope of Binni scenario demonstration u u u 18 -Month (July 2001) Demonstration Plan Richer information gathering phase Extend scope to execution phase with agent systems responding dynamically to events Incorporating coalition functionality becomes easier u Package selected domain management functionality as KAo. S grid helper Co. AX/Briefing - 21

18 -Month (July 2001) Demo Structure Observers Dbiii UK Co. AX Intel 3 Shared MM 7 Intel 1 a DM 7 Co. AX/Briefing - 22 ALDB MM 6 DM 6 MM 2 Intel 2 IM EH Plan Dec. PP Coalition Weather DAO GAO MM 1 DM 1 MBP Intel 1 AODB (Intel) DGO Gao Obs. JFAC HQ US LM-ATL CAMPS DM 5 DM 8 MM 8 Dbi DM 4 MM 4 AL Plan AODB MM 5 DM 2 Gao Intel MM 3 Dbii Met. MM 9 Weather Viz DM 9 Ariadne

Co. AX u Dynamic “come as you are” coalition formation u u u u 30 -Month (July 2002) Demonstration Plan Dynamic creation of ‘virtual coalition organization’ Agents and domains added to coalition structure ‘on-the-fly’ Dynamic coalition tasks and processes Tailored visualizations Tools to improve human / software agent interaction High-level tools usable without specialized training Packaged task, process, and event management capabilities as generic Grid services Co. AX/Briefing - 23

Co. AX Message Co. AX u Operational Message u u Technical Message u u u Co. AX/Briefing - 24 Interoperability of different nations’ systems Agility and robustness Support to coalition and “virtual” organizations Agents as an appropriate paradigm to facilitate interoperability of disparate systems Middleware of Co. ABS Grid is valuable for rapid configuration Utility of domain management and task/process management services

Co. AX u Co. AX and Binni documentation available u u u Further Information and Involvement 100+ page ‘living document’ describing Co. AX contributions and Binni ‘FLASH’ scenario http: //www. aiai. ed. ac. uk/project/coax/ We encourage further participation… u u Co. AX/Briefing - 25 In addressing key coalition and technical drivers In seeking operational opportunities In seeking inter-program links In future demonstrations

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Co. AX u u u Spare Slides Demonstration Schedule Coalition domains slide with final overlay to show the way in which a single person might span a variety of organizational, country and functional domains Further summarization slide Co. AX/Briefing - 28

Co. AX u u Demonstration Schedule 1 -month demo in February 2000: showing direct connection between DERA MBP and LM-ATL AODB 9 -month demo in October 2000: u Brief the Co. AX TIE and Binni scenario u Show integration of selected Co. AX components u Show that selected components interoperate in a Binni-based scenario u Tell a relevant “story” about agents for information gathering phase u Additional stand-alone demos of other components 18 -month demo in July 2001: showing full integration of Co. AX components in a rich coalition scenario: u Expanded scope to cover execution phase u Focal point to engage other nations and research teams 30 -month demo in July 2002: showing dynamic aspects of domain management and tasking Co. AX/Briefing - 29

Co. AX Coalition Domain Types Other Nation's 'Domain' JFAC HQ's Organizational 'Domain' Tactical Air Operations Functional 'Domain' Co. AX/Briefing - 30 UK Country 'Domain' JTFC's (from the UK) Individual 'Domain' JTFHQ's Organizational 'Domain' US Country 'Domain'

Co. AX u u u Summary Coalition operations is a matter of high concern for the military and a great proving ground for agent research Binni provides mature rich source of realistic scenario data Actual military tools used in true cross-national collaboration—hope to expand to additional nations in the future Seventeen partners cooperating in phased technical integration demonstrators Co. ABS Grid provided necessary interoperability Significant new research issues being addressed of both theoretical and practical significance Co. AX/Briefing - 31