DAML-S A DAML+OIL Ontology for Web Services VISA E 0 an 00 00 ic er 00 0/00 bbs 0 Ho R. m 0 00 ss re xp rry Je P EX DAML-S Ma ste 000 r. C 0000 ard 000 0 000 EXP 00/0 EX 00 P 0 bs 00 R. Hob 0/0 000 Jerry 0 A Delivery Brought to you by the DAML-S Web Services Coalition Image compliments of Hobbs & Connolly, SRI Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
DAML-S Briefing DAML-S Web Services Coalition presented by: Sheila A. Mc. Ilraith Knowledge Systems Laboratory (KSL) Stanford University http: //www. daml. org/services/ Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
DAML-S Web Services Coalition * CMU: Massimo Paolucci, Terry Payne, Katia Sycara BBN: Mark Burstein Nokia: Ora Lassila Stanford KSL: Sheila Mc. Ilraith, Honglei Zeng SRI: Jerry Hobbs, David Martin, Srini Narayanan Yale: Drew Mc. Dermott Manchester: Ian Horrocks * Founded February, 2001 Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
What is DAML-S? DAML-S: A DARPA Agent Markup Language for Services • DAML+OIL Ontology for (Web) services • AI-inspired markup language: • tailored to the representational needs of Services • expressive power • well-defined semantics • ontologies support reuse, mapping, succinct markup, . . . • Release of DAML-S version 0. 5 June, 2001 http: //www. daml. org/services/ Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Layered Approach to Language Development The first major application of DAML+OIL DAML-S (Services) DAML-L (Logic) DAML+OIL (Ontology) RDFS (RDF Schema) RDF (Resource Description Framework) XML (Extensible Markup Language) Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
DAML-S Objectives Provide an upper ontology for describing properties & capabilities of (Web) services in an unambiguous, computer interpretable markup language. Desiderata: • the ontology of Web services • ease of expressiveness • enables automation of service use by agents • enables reasoning about service properties and capabilities Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Automation Enabled by DAML-S • Web service discovery Find me a shipping service that transports goods to Dubai. • Web service invocation Buy me 500 lbs. powdered milk from www. acmemoo. com • Web service selection, composition and interoperation Arrange food for 500 people for 2 weeks in Dubai. • Web service execution monitoring Has the powdered milk been ordered and paid for yet? Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Who Will Use DAML-S? • Web service providers (e. g. , Amazon, Intelink, United Airlines) mark up their services • 3 rd party Web page designers (e. g. , Web Designers) mark up clients’ services • 2 nd-ary Web service providers (e. g. , Travelocity, My Simon) exploit others’ services to create add-on services use/write agent software to find/execute/compose other services • Web service end users (e. g. , Joe, Analysts) characterize their needs use/write agent software to find/execute/compose services Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Upper Ontology of Services Ontology images compliments of Terry Payne, CMU Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Service Profile High-level description of a service and its provider • description of service (human readable) • specification of functionalities service provides • functional attributes (requirements and capabilities) Profile used for • populating service registries • automated service discovery • matchmaking Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Service Profile Acme. Shipping name Acme Shipping Ltd. physical. Address 3333 Travis Road Manchester, NH web. URL www. acmeship. com email weship@acme. com. . . Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Service Profile A service is provided by an Actor (service provider) E. g. , Acme. Book. Shipping is provided by Acme. Shipping Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Service Profile Acme. Book. Shipping provided. By Acme. Shipping geographic. Radius USA input Customer. Name Origin Dest Del. Date. . . output Confirmation. Number when “successful”. . . precondition effect loc(Goods, Dest, Del. Date) when “successful” Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Upper Ontology of Services Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Service Model Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Service Model Process Model “How does it work? ” Each service is conceived as simple or composite process (event/action) Associated with each service is a set of inputs, outputs, preconditions and effects (function and action metaphor) Composite processes are compositions of simple or other composite processes in terms of constructs such as sequence, if-then-else, fork, . . . Data flow and Control flow should be described for each composite service A black box and glass box view are given of each composite service Process model used for: • (automated) Web service invocation, composition, interoperation, monitoring (potentially together w/ grounding). Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Function/Dataflow Metaphor Input: • customer name • origin • destination • weight • pickup date • . . . Output: • confirmation no. • . . . Acme Book Truck Shipment truck available + ? valid credit card Y N • failure notification • … Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
AI-inspired Action/Process Metaphor Output: • confirmation no. • . . . Effect: • goods at location if successful • credit card debited. . . Input: • customer name • origin • destination • pickup date • . . . Preconditions: • knowledge of the input • . . . Acme Book Truck Shipment truck available + ? valid credit card Output: Effect: Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition Y N • failure notification • … <no effect> DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Composite Process Input & Preconditions • • • Output & Effects Acme. Truck. Shpng • • • confirmation no. • . . . • • • customer name • location • car type • dates • credit card no. • . . . www. acmecar. com ? book car service • failure notification • … • confirmation no. • . . . • customer name • flight numbers • dates • credit card no. • • . . . www. acmeair. com book flight service ? • confirmation no. • dates • room type • credit card no. • . . . www. acmehotel. com book hotel service ? • failure notification • … ? • • • failure notification • errror information • … Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Composite Process Acme. Truck. Shpng Expanded. Acme. Truck. Shpng Confirm Shipping Region N Acme Truck Shipping expands truck available + valid credit card Y Get Quote Service Get Shipping Dates Book Truck Shipment Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Acme. Truck. Shpng Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition expand Exp. Acme. Truck. Shpng DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Upper Ontology of Services Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Service Grounding (under development) • Specification of service access information • specifies communication protocols, transport mechanisms, etc. • E. g. , SOAP, HTTP forms, Java RMI, RPC, etc. Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Review: Upper Ontology of Services Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Exploiting Ontologies of Services Service Shipping Air. Shipping Boat. Shipping Purchase Buy. Ticket Buy. Book Truck. Shipping Acme. Truck. Shipping Buy. Air. Ticket Buy. Concert. Ticket Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition Congo. Buy. Book Amazon. Buy. Book DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Related Work Related Industrial Initiatives • UDDI • eb. XML • WSDL • . Net • XLANG • Biztalk, e-speak, etc These XML-based initiatives are currently complementary to DAML-S intends to build on top of these efforts exploiting increased expressiveness, semantics, inference that enables automation. Related Academics Efforts • Process Algebras (e. g. , Pi Calculus) • Process Specification Language (Hoare Logic, PSL) • Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL) • Business Process Modeling (e. g. , BMPL) Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Tools and Applications DAML-S provides a means of describing Web services. It’s just another DAML+OIL ontology all the tools and technologies that exist for DAML+OIL are relevant Some DAML-S Specific Tools and Technologies: Extending DAML-S: DAML-S Coalition (security, symbol grounding, …) Discovery, Matchmaking, Agent Brokering: CMU, SRI (OAA), Stanford KSL Automated Web Service Composition: Stanford KSL, BBN/Yale/Kestrel, CMU, MIT, Nokia, SRI DAML-S Editor: Stanford KSL, SRI, CMU (profiles), Manchester Process Modeling Tools & Reasoning: SRI, Stanford KSL Service Enactment /Simulation: SRI, Stanford KSL Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Challenges Technical Issues • DAML+OIL not sufficient for the process model • Laundry list of unaddressed & resolved issues (SRI & CMU will mention some this afternoon) (some will be mentioned in Breakout tomorrow) Connecting with Industry Initiatives & with User Community • need to connect DAML-S with industry initiatives • need people in industry (& in DAML) to mark up services with DAML-S • concern: industry’s lack of adoption of RDF Tools availability • DAML+OIL reasoner • DAML-S editor Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Challenges Technical Issues • DAML+OIL not sufficient for the process model • Laundry list of unaddressed & resolved issues messages, synchronization, conversation protocols, exceptions and transaction, multiple participants, scripts, unification/binding, constraints, ontologies of processes, service grounding, . . . Connecting with Industry Initiatives & with User Community • need to connect DAML-S with industry initiatives • need people in industry (& in DAML) to mark up services with DAML-S • concern: industry’s lack of adoption of RDF Tools availability • DAML+OIL reasoner • DAML-S editor Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Challenges Technical Issues • DAML+OIL not sufficient for the process model • Laundry list of unaddressed & resolved issues (SRI & CMU will mention some this afternoon) (some will be mentioned in Breakout tomorrow) Connecting with Industry Initiatives & with User Community • need to connect DAML-S with industry initiatives • need people in industry (& in DAML) to mark up services with DAML-S • concern: industry’s lack of adoption of RDF Tools availability • DAML+OIL reasoner • DAML-S editor Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
We Want Your Input! Status: DAML-S version 0. 5 released June, 2001. Please get involved! Break-out Session (Friday) *** Try DAML-S for your application *** give feedback *** DAML-S version 0. 5 and related papers http: //www. daml. org/services/ mailing list www-ws@w 3. org (technical discussions) daml-services@daml. org (announcements) Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
Acknowledgements • Slides created by Sheila Mc. Ilraith, KSL Stanford • Page 1 graphic created by Jerry Hobbs & Kelli Connolly, SRI • Ontology images created by Terry Payne, CMU Mc. Ilraith for DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 07/19/01
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