CYC: The Common Sense Knowledge Base By: Jeremy Berman Alok Sahgal Dr. Reed CSC 550
Intro • • History What is Cyc? How does it work? Applications – Open. Cyc – Cyc. Secure
History of CYC • Douglas B. Lenat and MCC (1984) • GOFAI at a massive scale • Construct “Common Sense” knowledge – 3 million rules of thumb (2002) – 300, 000 terms
The First 10 Years • Initial Goals (1984) – representation language – Interface for browsing and editing – "cadre of lightly trained knowledge enterers" could easily use – hooks to other AI programs. • Midpoint Report (1990) – Cyc. L developed
Current State • Now, anyone can be knowledge-enterer • Web allows acceleration of knowledge entry • Lenat claims human-level capacity in 5 years
How CYC Works Knowledge Server • Knowledge Base • Inference Engine • Cyc. L • Cyc-NL • Semantic Integration Bus
Knowledge Base • Contains facts about everyday life (common sense) • Terms written in Cyc. L • Assertions about terms – Entered by humans – Created by Cyc • Microtheories
Inference Engine • General logical deduction • Best-first search • Due to size, ordinary expert system methods of accessing data do not work. • Cyc team developed new methods of retrieving data (secret)
Cyc. L • Cyc. L – Cyc representation language – variation of first-order predicate calculus
Cyc. L • Constant - #$Organic. Stuff • NAT - (#$Fruit. Fn #$Apple. Tree) • Variable – (#$color. Of. Object #$Grass ? some. Color) • Expression – – (#$color. Of. Object #$Grass #$Green)
Cyc. L • Assertions “Animals sleep at home. ” (For. All ? x (For. All ? S (For. All ? PLACE (implies (and (isa ? x Animal) (isa ? S Sleeping. Event) (performer ? S ? x) (location ? S ? PLACE)) (home ? x ? PLACE))))) if x is an animal and the performer of a sleeping event then the place where that event takes place is the home of x.
Cyc-NL • Used to translate between English and Cyc. L The man saw the light with the telescope. {: SENTENCE {: NP {: DETP {#$Determiner [the]}} {: N-BAR {#$Simple. Noun [man]}}} {: VP {#$Verb [saw]} {: NP {: DETP {#$Determiner [the]}} {: N-BAR {#$Simple. Noun [light]}} {: PP {#$Preposition [with]} {: NP {: DETP {#$Determiner [the]}} {: N-BAR {#$Simple. Noun [telescope]}}}}
Cyc-NL Fred saw the plane flying over Zurich. Fred saw the mountains flying over Zurich. • Cyc “knows” that: – planes fly. – people fly in planes. – mountains do not fly. – Zurich is a city.
Semantic Integration Bus • Makes data from a variety of sources usable to the Inference Engine.
Applications Open. Cyc • Uses • Goals of Project • Demonstration Cyc. Secure
Open. Cyc Uses Allows user to create applications that access and use data in Cyc. KB Starting point for: – – – Speech understanding Database integration Email prioritizing Game engines Letting people develop their own “worlds”
Open. Cyc Goals of Project • Growth of Knowledge Base • Establish Cyc. KB as the standard for: – knowledge representation/management – database integration – intelligent software applications
Open. Cyc Goals cont. • Raise awareness for symbolic knowledge • Help to combine symbolic systems with emergent ones (neural nets, genetic algorithms, etc)
Open. Cyc Demonstration http: //www. opencyc. org/images/opencyc-kb-browser. gif
Cyc. Secure • Automated network auditing service that simulates network attacks • First real commercial application • Complements other network security apps
Anatomy Of Cyc. Secure • Network Configuration Simulator – Inputs the data for security assessment • Cyc. Secure Knowledge Base – Contains knowledge of vulnerabilities and patterns of attacks • Attack. Plan Analyzer – Simulates a planned attack
How Cyc. Secure Works • Uses virtual network from NCS • Finds vulnerabilities of network security • Do. D’s Information Assurance Vulnerability Assessment
More about Cyc. Secure • Evolved Scanner • Costs • Still in beta-testing
Future of Cyc • • • Online brokering of goods and services "Smart" interfaces Advancement gaming AI Improved speech recognition Sophisticated user modeling Local consistency
Conclusion • KB is already enormous and broad • Large corporate support • Largest GOFAI attempt
References • www. cyc. com • www. opencyc. org • Anthes, Gary H. Computerizing Common Sense, Computerworld April 8, 2002.
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