Cyber-Physical Systems Jeannette M Wing Assistant Director Computer

Cyber-Physical Systems Jeannette M. Wing Assistant Director Computer and Information Science and Engineering Directorate National Science Foundation and President’s Professor of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University CPS Inter-Agency Strategic Planning Workshop Alexandria, VA 11 March 2010

A BMW is “now actually a network of computers” Smart Cars [R. Achatz, Seimens, Economist Oct 11, 2007] Credit: Paul. Stamatiou. com Cars drive themselves Smart parking Lampson’s Grand Challenge: Reduce highway traffic deaths to zero. [Butler Lampson, Getting Computers to Understand, 2 Microsoft, J. ACM 50, 1 (Jan. 2003), pp 70 -72. ] IBM Research Credit: Dash Navigation, Inc. Dash Express: Cars are nodes in a network Jeannette M. Wing

Smart Fliers Credit: NASA/JPL smart helicopters Credit: Boeing An airplane is a network of computers. CPS Luncheon 3 Credit: Harvard university smart insects Jeannette M. Wing

Embedded Medical Devices Credit: Baxter International infusion pump pacemaker IBM Research 4 scanner Credit: Siemens AG Jeannette M. Wing

Sensors Everywhere Credit: Arthur Sanderson at RPI Hudson River Valley Credit: MO Dept. of Transportation Sonoma Redwood Forest IBM Research smart buildings 5 smart bridges Jeannette M. Wing

Robots Everywhere Credit: Paro Robots U. S. , Inc. At home: Paro, therapeutic robotic seal Credit: Carnegie Mellon University Credit: Honda At work: Two ASIMOs working together in coordination to deliver refreshments At home/clinics: Nursebot, robotic assistance for the elderly At home: i. Robot Roomba vacuums your house DAC 6 Jeannette M. Wing

Assistive Technologies for Everyone brain-computer interfaces of today Credit: Dobelle Institute memex of tomorrow Credit: Emotiv IBM Research 7 Jeannette M. Wing Credit: Paramount Pictures

What is Common to These Systems? • They have a computational core that interacts with the physical world. • Cyber-physical systems are engineered systems that require tight conjoining of and coordination between the computational (discrete) and the physical (continuous). • Trends for the future – Cyber-physical systems will be smarter and smarter. – More and more intelligence will be in software. CPS Inter-Agency 8 Jeannette M. Wing

Drivers of Computing Society Science CPS Inter-Agency Technology 9 Jeannette M. Wing

Societal Challenges How can we provide people and society with cyberphysical systems they can bet their lives on? – Expectations: 24/7 availability, 100% reliability, 100% connectivity, instantaneous response, store anything and everything forever, unintrusive, predictable (or unsurprising), . . . – Classes: young to old, able and disabled, rich and poor, literate and illiterate, … – Numbers: individual cliques acquaintances social networks cultures populations CPS Inter-Agency 10 Jeannette M. Wing

Scientific Challenges 0011000010 100100000111111 1110011100 000111100100011 • Co-existence of Booleans and Reals – Discrete systems in a continuous world – Need for new models (new mathematics? ) or extensions of existing continuous and/or hybrid ones • Reasoning about uncertainty – Human, Mother Nature, the Adversary • Understanding complex, unpredictable systems – Emergent behavior, tipping points, disruptive events… – Chaos theory, randomness, . . . CPS Inter-Agency 11 Jeannette M. Wing

Technical Challenges How can we build intelligent and safe digital systems that interact with the physical world? • Perception, control, and coordination: continuous and ubiquitous • Self-monitoring, real-time learning and adapting We need to bridge two worlds Computing side: Computing abstractions currently focus primarily on functionality, and secondarily on aspects of the physical world (e. g. , time, space, energy, temperature, human behavior) CPS Inter-Agency Engineering side: Cautiously overdesigned systems preclude flexibility offered by computing’s power, especially the intelligence embodied in software. 12 Jeannette M. Wing

Why Are CPS Significant? • CPS are the basic engine of innovation for a broad range of industrial sectors. • In automotive, avionics/aerospace, manufacturing, telecommunications, consumer electronics, intelligent homes, and health and medical equipment, electronics will reach 53% of the cost by the end of the decade – Example: Automobiles • 1990 – 16% of cost • 2003 – 52% of cost • 2010 – 56% of cost (projected) – Example: Aircraft “cyber-physical system development” • 70’s and 80’s – 10% of cost • Current generation – nearly half of cost • Next generation – 50% or more of cost (projected) Cyber Physical Systems are the foundation for systems industries of the future. 13

What the EU is Spending on CPS Advanced Research and Technology for Embedded Intelligent Systems (ARTEMIS) • Annual budget of € 243 M ($343 M), includes € 144 M in private funds • 10 -yr budget € 1. 1 B public funds, € 1. 6 B private funds • Part of European Community Framework 7 • One of four ICT calls for proposals for 7 -year projects CPS Inter-Agency 14 Jeannette M. Wing

U. S Broader Research Agenda and Priorities Dan Reed and George Scalise, editors August 2007 #1 Priority: Cyber-Physical Systems Our lives depend on them. CPS Inter-Agency 15 Jeannette M. Wing

CPS Progress: Industry-Academia-Government • NSF Industry-University Roundtable, July 2007 – – – IBM, SAIC, BAE, Boeing Phantom Works, Lockheed Martin, Rockwell Collins, Intel, Philips, New Venture Partners CMU, UIUC, U Penn, UT Austin, UC Berkeley, U Mich, UVA, Vanderbilt U, RPI OSD, AFOSR, AFRL, NIST, ONR • CPS Summit, April 2008 – Report, http: //varma. ece. cmu. edu/summit/CPS_Summit_Report. pdf – Links to domain-specific workshops, http: //varma. ece. cmu. edu/summit/Workshops. html • Testimony, House Science Committee, July 2008 – Don Winter, Boeing Phantom Works VP for Flight and Systems Technology – “…a national strategy in which long-term CPS technology needs are addressed by combined government and corporate investment” • Senate Luncheon, NSF host, July 2009 – – Over 50 researchers with demos 70 -80 staffers and mainstream press • Computing Community Consortium, August 2009 – Study: Industry-Academy Collaboration in Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) Research, http: //www. cra. org/ccc/cps. php – Report, http: //www. cra. org/ccc/docs/CPS-White%20 Paper-May-19 -2009 -GMU-v 1. pdf CPS Inter-Agency 16 Jeannette M. Wing

NSF Cyber-Physical Systems Program • Focus: Tight integration of cyber (computing, communications, control) and physical, with potential of multiple applications. – Joint between CISE and ENG, complementing core programs. • Academic research capacity exists. For FY 09 alone: – Expected 100 -300 proposals. Received over 640! – Total requested budget of $580 M – $45 M ($15. 75 ARRA)— 11% success rate • FY 2010 proposals arrive today! http: //www. nsf. gov/funding/pgm_summ. jsp? pims_id=503286&org=CISE CPS Inter-Agency 17 Jeannette M. Wing

A (Flower) Model for Expediting Progress Sectors Industry Gov’t (e. g. , military) medical aero Industry Gov’t Academia Gov’t (NSF, NSA, NIH, Do. D, …) auto finance Fundamental Research energy civil chemical DAC 18 transportation materials Jeannette M. Wing

Thank you!

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