Cultural Heritage Source Wikipedia http zh wikipedia

Cultural Heritage

Source: Wikipedia http: //zh. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Image: Oceanparkrides. jpg&variant=zh-hk Where is the place in the photo? Have you ever been there? What do you think if it is demolished?

Are these Cultural Heritages? Why? Former Star Ferry in Central Source: Wikipedia http: //zh. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Image: HKstarferry. jpg&variant=zh-hk

Golden Bauhinia Square Source: Widipedia http: //zh. wikipedia. org/w/index. php ? title=Image: Gold_bud_flag. JPG&va riant=zh-hk MTR Concourse Source: Widipedia http: //zh. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=I mage: Hong. Kong. Station. MTRConcourse. Night. j pg&variant=zh-hk

Definition • cultural heritage refers to monuments, groups of buildings, and sites with historical, aesthetic, archaeological, scientific, ethnological, or anthropological value. • Natural heritage covers outstanding physical, biological and geological formations, habitats of threatened species and areas with scientific, conservation or aesthetic value.

• intangible cultural heritage means the “practices, representations, expressions, knowledge, skills – as well as the instruments, objects, artifacts and cultural spaces associated therewith – that communities, groups and, in some cases, individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage. ” Kunqu Source: Wikipedia http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Warrior maiden. JPG

Where are they? Great Wall, China Source: Wikipedia http: //zh. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Image: Great. Wall_2004_Summer_4. jpg&variant=zh-hk

Historic Centre of St. Petersburg and its suburbs, Russia Source: Wikipedia http: //en. wikipedia/wiki/Image: Sankt_Petersberg_Auferstehungskirche_2005_a. jpg

Easter Island, Chile Source: Wikipedia http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Moai_Rano_raraku. jpg

Taj Mahal, India Source: Wikipedia http: //zh. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Image: Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004. jpg&variant=zh-hk

World Heritage • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) adopted the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage in 1972. This is to raise the awareness over the globe of the outstanding universal value of cultural and natural heritage, to recognize that they are a part of world heritage and to make sure they can be preserved. • Until July 2007, 184 countries have already been registered as State Parties of this Convention and there are 851 cultural or natural heritage all over the world, which are included on the World Heritage List.

Types of World Heritage • Cultural Heritage • Natural Heritage • Mixed Heritage

Cultural Heritage Great Wall, China Source: Wikipedia http: //zh. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? ti tle=Image: Great. Wall_2004_Summer_4. jpg&variant=zh-hk Old Town of Segovia and its aqueduct Source: Wikipedia http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Acueducto. Segovia 04. JPG

Natural Heritage Goreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia Source: Wikipedia http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: View_of_Cappadocia. jpg Giant’s Causeway and Causeway Coast(Northern Ireland) Source: Wikipedia http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Causeway-code_poet 4. jpg

Mixed Heritage Giant Buddha Statue of Leshan, China Source: Wikipedia http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Lesh an_Buddha_Statue_View. JPG Ayers Rock, Australia Source: Widipedia http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Uluru_Panorama. jpg

World Heritage in China • In the 29 th World Heritage Committee Session held in July 2005, Macau Historical District was given the title of world cultural heritage. 31 places of China have already been listed as world heritage, which made China possess the third most world heritages in the world.

Historical monuments in Hong Kong • According to the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance, the Antiquities Authority (who is the Secretary for Development) may legally declare a place to be a protected monument. The Antiquities Authority is then empowered to prevent alterations, or to impose suitable conditions upon any proposed alterations to protect the monument. Until June 2007, there a total of 82 declared monuments.

The Exterior of University Hall, the University of Hong Kong Source: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD The Exterior of the Main Building, the University of Hong Kong Source: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD St. John’s Cathedral Source: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD

• Hong Kong also adopts a 3 -grade system to keep a record of buildings with certain historical and archaeological values. This system is only an administrative measure without statutory power. • Up to now, the Antiquities Advisory Board has already evaluated and graded over 550 historical buildings. – Source: http: //www. amo. gov. hk/form/historical. pdf

• Grade I ﹕ Buildings of outstanding merit, which every effort should be made to preserve if possible. Former Kowloon-Canton Railway Clock Tower Source: Wikipedia http: //zh. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Imag e: TSTClock. Tower. jpg&variant=zh-hk

• Grade II﹕ Buildings of special merit; efforts should be made to selectively preserve. Kam Tong Hall, Central Source: Wikipedia http: //zh. wikipedia. org/w/index. ph p? title=Image: HK_Castle_Road_Ko m. Tong. Hall_2006 -12_front. JPG Dragon Garden, Tsing Lung Tau Source: http: //www. dragongarden. hk

• Grade III ﹕ Buildings of some merit, but not yet qualified for consideration as possible monuments. These are to be recorded and used as a pool for future selection. Yau Ma Tei Police Station Source: Wikipedia http: //zh. wikipedia. org/w/index. php ? tilte=Image: Yau. Ma. Tei. Police. Station_ Front. JPG&variant=zh-hk Central Market Source: Wikipedia http: //zh. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Imag e: Central_Market. jpg&variant=zh-hk

The importance of cultural heritage • • Historical and cultural value Social value Economic value Sustainable development ﹕ development that “meets the needs of the present without reducing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. ”

The threats to cultural heritage • Natural disaster ﹕ Changes of landscape , natural disasters • Damage by people: wars and conflicts • Over explored: big-scale infrastructure, misuse of land, excessive explored to tourism

Important Documents • In 1964, International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) signed the Venice Charter • Australia International Council on Monuments and Sites (Australia ICOMOS) published its Burra Charter in 1999.

What factors should be considered in monument preservation? • • • Ecology Cultural Inheritance Economy Collected Memories Political and Social Development Sustainable Development

What are the methods to protect the heritage? • • Protect Restore Rebuild Use after revival

Source: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD Protect

Source: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD Restore

Source: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD Use after revival

Source: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD Restore

Source: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD Protect

Source: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD Use after revival

Source: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD Use after revival

Murray House, Stanley Source: Wikipedia http: //zh. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Image: Murray_House. jpg&variant =zh-hk Rebuild

What are the steps of conservation of the heritage﹖ • Understanding the significance of the heritage • Assessment • Formulating policy • Proposing future conservation plan and implementation scheme • Long–term inspection and review