CUAHSI Hydrologic Information Systems and Web Services By David R. Maidment With support from many collaborators: Ilya Zaslavsky, David Valentine, Reza Wahadj, Chaitan Baru, Praveen Kumar, Michael Piasecki, Rick Hooper, Jon Duncan, David Tarboton, Jeff Horsburgh, Venkat Lakshmi, Chunmaio Zheng, Xu Liang, Yao Liang, Ken Reckhow, Upmanu Lall, Le. Roy Poff, Dennis Lettenmaier, Barbara Minsker, …… And many graduate students and post-docs: Venkatesh Merwade, Tim Whiteaker, Jon Goodall, Gil Strassberg, Ben Ruddell, Luis Bermudez, Bora Beran, …… Thanks to everyone for all their help!
HIS Goals • Hydrologic Data Access System – better access to a large volume of high quality hydrologic data • Support for Observatories – synthesizing hydrologic data for a region • Advancement of Hydrologic Science – data modeling and advanced analysis • Hydrologic Education – better data in the classroom, basin-focused teaching
HIS User Assessment (Chapter 4 in Status Report) Which of the four HIS goals is most important to you? Data Access Science Observatory support Education
HIS Goals • Hydrologic Data Access System – better access to a large volume of high quality hydrologic data • Support for Observatories – synthesizing hydrologic data for a region • Advancement of Hydrologic Science – data modeling and advanced analysis • Hydrologic Education – better data in the classroom, basin-focused teaching
Water Data Water quantity and quality Soil water Meteorology Remote sensing Rainfall & Snow Modeling
Water Data Web Sites
NWISWeb site output # agency_cd Agency Code # site_no USGS station number # dv_dt date of daily mean streamflow # dv_va daily mean streamflow value, in cubic-feet per-second # dv_cd daily mean streamflow value qualification code # # Sites in this file include: # USGS 02087500 NEUSE RIVER NEAR CLAYTON, NC # agency_cd site_no dv_dt dv_va dv_cd USGS 02087500 2003 -09 -01 1190 Time series of USGS 02087500 2003 -09 -02 649 USGS 02087500 2003 -09 -03 525 streamflow at a USGS 02087500 2003 -09 -04 486 gaging station USGS 02087500 2003 -09 -05 733 USGS 02087500 2003 -09 -06 585 USGS 02087500 2003 -09 -07 485 USGS 02087500 2003 -09 -08 463 USGS 02087500 2003 -09 -09 673 USGS 02087500 2003 -09 -10 517 USGS 02087500 2003 -09 -11 454
CUAHSI Hydrologic Data Access System http: //river. sdsc. edu/HDAS EPA USGS NCDC NASA NWS Observatory Data A common data window for accessing, viewing and downloading hydrologic information
Observation Stations Map for the US Ameriflux Towers (NASA & DOE) NOAA Automated Surface Observing System USGS National Water Information System NOAA Climate Reference Network
NWIS Station Observation Metadata Describe what has been measured at this station
Web Page Scraping http: //nwis. waterdata. usgs. gov/nwis/discharge? site_no=02087500&agency_cd=USGS&. . Programmatically construct a URL string as produced by manual use of the web page Parse the resulting ASCII file
CUAHSI Web Services Web Application: Data Portal Your application • Excel, Arc. GIS, Matlab • Fortran, C/C++, Visual Basic • Hydrologic model • ……………. Your operating system • Windows, Unix, Linux, Mac Internet Web Services Library Simple Object Access Protocol
Series and Fields Features Series – ordered sequence of numbers Point, line, area, volume Discrete space representation Surfaces Time series – indexed by time Frequency series – indexed by frequency Fields – multidimensional arrays Continuous space representation Scalar fields – single value at each location Vector fields – magnitude and direction Random fields – probability distribution
North American Regional Reanalysis of Climate Precipitation Evaporation Variation during the day, July 2003 Net. CDF format mm / 3 hours
Arc Hydro Time Series Geospatial features associate with time series Hydro. ID 2906 Feature Class (Hydro. ID) Attribute Series Table (Feature. ID)
Arc Hydro Time Series Object TSDate. Time TSValue Feature Class (point, line, area) Feature. ID TSType Table
Net. CDF Data Model Time Dimensions and Coordinates Value Space (x, y, z) Variable Attributes
Data Sources Storet Extract NASA Ameriflux NCDC Unidata NWIS NCAR Transform CUAHSI Web Services Excel Visual Basic C/C++ Arc. GIS Load Matlab Applications http: //www. cuahsi. org/his/ Fortran Access SAS Some operational services
Core Web Services Service Input Output Get. Sites Obs Network All station codes in network Get. Site. Info Station Code Lat/long, station name Get. Variables Obs Network or data source All variable codes Get. Variable. Info Variable code Description of variable Get. Values Station code or A time series of values lat/long point, variable code, begin date, end date Get. Chart As for Get. Value A chart plotting the values
Operational Services Service Ameriflux Daymet Get. Sites Yes Get. Site. Info Yes Get. Variables Yes Get. Variable. Info Yes Get. Values Yes Get. Chart Yes MODIS Yes NWIS Yes NAM Yes
CUAHSI Web Services http: //www. cuahsi. org/his/webservices. html NCEP North American Forecast Model 12 Km grid for continental US
Water One. Flow • Like Geospatial One. Stop, we need a “Water One. Flow” – a common window for water data and models Federal State Local Academic • Advancement of water science is critically dependent on integration of water information
Conclusions • It would be good to define a collaboration between CUAHSI and Unidata for web services that has a consistent vocabulary • We in CUAHSI would defer to Unidata for definition of how to ingest real-time weather information as fields (net. CDF with CF conventions) • Try to define services that represent “time histories” of variables, past, present and future e. g. precipitation, evaporation, surface temp
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