Cromwell was born on April 25 1599

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Cromwell was born on April 25, 1599 in Huntingdon, England to Elizabeth and Robert Cromwell Elizabeth Cromwell Robert Cromwell

He attended grammar school at Huntingdon, which is now the Cromwell Museum Later he attended Cambridge University

CROMWELL’S EARLY OCCUPATION He became a minor landowner in East Anglia, farming and collecting rents for income This is Cromwell

He married Elizabeth Bourchier in 1620, just a few months after his 21 st birthday

Robert (1621 -1639) Oliver (1623 -1644) Bridget (1624 -? ) Richard (16261712) Henry (1628 -1674) Elizabeth (1629 - 1658) James (1632) Mary (1637 -1700) Frances (16381721)

Captain of small group of mounted troops in 1642 Promoted to colonel in 1643 2 nd in command of New Model Army in 1645 Summer 1650 – appointed lord general (commanderin-chief) of all parliamentary forces

Oliver Cromwell remains one of our most famous characters in history. From 1649 to 1653, Parliament ran England but from Cromwell's point of view, it was not a system that worked effectively and England, as a nation was suffering. As a result, Cromwell, backed by the army, sent home MP’s and he became the effective leader of England from 1653 to 1658.

Cromwell was a Puritan. He was a highly religious man who believed that everybody should lead their lives according to what was written in the Bible. The word "Puritan" means that followers had a pure soul and lived a good life. Cromwell believed that everybody else in England should follow his example.

One of the main beliefs of the Puritans was that if you worked hard, you would get to Heaven. Pointless enjoyment was frowned upon. Cromwell shut many inns and theatres were all closed down. Most sports were banned. Boys caught playing football on a Sunday could be whipped as a punishment. Swearing was punished by a fine, though those who kept swearing could be sent to prison.

Sunday became a very special day for Puritans. Most forms of work were banned. Women caught doing unnecessary work on the Holy Day could be put in the stocks. Simply going for a Sunday walk (unless it was to church) could lead to a hefty fine.

To keep the population mind on religion, instead of having feast days to celebrate the saints (as had been common in Medieval England), one day in every month was a fast day - you did not eat all day.

He divided up England into 11 areas; each one was governed by a major-general who was trusted by Cromwell. Most of these generals had been in Cromwell’s New Model Army. The law - essentially Cromwell's law was enforced by the use of soldiers.

Cromwell believed that women and girls should dress in a proper manner. Make-up was banned. Too colourful dresses were banned. A Puritan lady wore a long black dress that covered her almost from neck to toes. She wore a white apron and her hair was bunched up behind a white head-dress. Puritan men wore black clothes and short hair.

Cromwell banned Christmas. By the 17 th, Christmas had become a holiday of celebration and enjoyment especially after the problems caused by the civil war. Cromwell wanted it returned to a religious celebration where people thought about the birth of Jesus rather than ate and drank too much. In London, soldiers were ordered to go round the streets and take, by force if necessary, food being cooked for a Christmas celebration. The smell of a goose being cooked could bring trouble. Traditional Christmas decorations like holly were banned.

Despite all these rules, Cromwell himself was not strict. He enjoyed music, hunting and playing bowls. He even allowed full-scale entertainment at his daughter’s wedding. Despite being a highly religious man, Cromwell had a hatred for the Irish Catholics. He believed that they were all potential traitors willing to help any Catholic nation that wanted to attack England.

During his time as head of government, he made it his task to ‘tame’ the Irish. He sent an army there and despite promising to treat well those who surrendered to him, he slaughtered the people who did surrender to his forces. He used terror to ‘tame’ the Irish. He ordered that all Irish children should be sent to the West Indies to work as slave labourers in the sugar plantations. He knew many would die out there - but dead children could not grow into adults and have more children. Cromwell left a dark stain on the history of Ireland.

By the end of his life, both Cromwell and the 11 majorgenerals who helped to run the country, had become hated people. The population was tired of having strict rules forced onto them. Cromwell died in September 1658. Died in London on September 3, 1658 after a recurrence of malarial fever. Нe was buried in Westminster Abbey.

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