Critical ICT for Disaster Preparedness and Response Jane

Critical ICT for Disaster Preparedness and Response Jane W. S. Liu Institute of Information Science Academia Sinica, Taiwan http: //openisdm. iis. sinica. edu. tw International Summer School on Trends in Computing, Tarragona Spain, July 2013

Topic Outline § Overview on ICT for disaster management q q n n Introduction: definitions, scenarios and scope State of the art in disaster detection and prediction State-of-the-art information and communication infrastructures and remaining technology gaps Selected topics on critical real-time computing and information systems (CRICIS) for disasters, including • Exploiting linked data and semantic web technologies • Information access control and privacy protection • Ubiquitous smart devices and applications for disaster preparedness and early response Crowdsourcing human sensor data by disaster surveillance and early warning systems Disaster resilient networks and transport services

Scope of Our Discussion Preparedness Prediction and warning Prediction and Mitigation n Scenario development n Real-time monitoring, modeling, forecasting warning and n Emergency SOP n Scenario identification/situation awareness development prevention n Dependable alert/alarm/warning delivery n Education & training n Impact assessment Restoration of telecommunication, Reconstruction transportation & other infrastructures n Recovery n Effective use of alarm information n n Connectivity diagnosis and repair Information dissemination Response Command control decision support Resource dispatching Recovery Disaster management cycle Response

Mega disasters “Calamities for which we are unprepared” “no-notice events” by C. Dickey, Newsweek, Sept 12, 2011

2011 Japan Earthquake, Tsunami, and Nuclear Power Plant Accident 2010 Haiti and 2011 Chilean Earthquakes

2009 Moroko Typhoon, Heavy Rain, and Landslide in Taiwan

Killer Tornados in USA, 2012 and 2013

08/23/2011 5. 8 quake in Virginia n One of 150 -200 quakes in past 25 years n Buildings evacuated from NYC to DC n 911 calls failed for more than an hour Traffic jams on N. VA highways Two nuclear power plants shut down n n

On Power of Information n “Information can save lives, livelihoods and resources. ” – World Disasters Report, 2005 n “Today, even mobile phones could be used as an effective medium to provide early warnings and thus save lives and property” – R. K. Pachauri, 2009 n “Small advances in emergency informatics could significantly reduce deaths, accelerate damage assessment, and minimize economic downtime” – R. R. Murphy, 2010 100% 0% Impact 0 Availability 24 h 48 h 36 h 72 h

Disaster Prediction & Detection From Weather Underground From Minnesota Public Radio Org. Tsunami warning, landslide warning, debris flow monitoring systems

Earthquake Detection § Affordable detectors based on that q P (primary/pressure) wave travels faster than S (secondary/shear) waves, and generate only shock q Slower S waves are destructive § Early earthquake warning systems consisting of seismic motion sensors networked with computer(s) q Issue warning based on likely strength and progression of seismic events and q Can allow warning 20 seconds or more before ground motion. $ 29

Earthquake Detection in Taiwan n n BATS: Broadband Array in Taiwan for Seismology 650 strong motion seismic stations Auto-location in seconds by taking advantage of Central Weather Bureau seismic network RF connections to TEC Data Center Capable of inverting BATS waveforms to obtain focal mechanisms for felt earthquakes in seconds Felt earthquakes 08/2011

Happenings Everywhere

OGC Sensor Web Enablement Standards: Vision, Implementation and Applications

SANY (Sensors Anywhere) in EU § Discovery § Access § Alert § Tasking. § Interface adaptor User information systems Operational services System services Sensor Systems Generic § Display § Sensor tasking § Sensor Monitoring § Sensor man. § Proc. /storage § Web mapping § Dataflow man. § Alarm service

Disaster Management for Typhoon Hazards in Taiwan

Smart phone Apps Augmented reality Disaster historical records Hazard database: Investigation photos Server 聚落調查資料庫 • 保全對象 • 土石流 • 山崩地滑 • 避難處所 • 河岸侵蝕

Infrastructures in US Open Sensor. Net & DMIS DM-OPEN, IPAWS, CAP E 911 & E 911 -IP

Standard-Based Alert Delivery Authenticated message senders Integrated Public Alert and Warning System http: //www. fema. gov/emergency/ipaws_cap_mg. pdf

Common Alert Protocol A common format that supports § Broadcast of messages of all types to all public alert systems § Message exchange between emergency information systems § Aggregation and correlation of warnings from multiple sources § End-to-end authentication and validation ITU-T Recommendation X 1303 (07/2007) § Automatic reports by sensor systems to analysis centers § Automatic processing by smart devices and applications

Happenings Now § i. PAWS-CAP-EAS/CMAS q q CMAS § Google Now Alerts Guide for CAP-EAS implementation published by EAS industry Weekly testing in USA since December 2011

Common Limitations n The systems do not make good use of information sources owned by businesses, organization, communities, and so on n The systems do not exploit synergistically information from networks of things and crowd of people n The systems are not sufficiently agile in response to changes in disaster situation n The systems do not make effective use of early warnings to enhance preparedness

Sources = applications/users Responsive, trustworthy Contents emergency contributed Information broker service by diverse, Individualized independent view of a virtual data cloud for each sources application/user Effective use of compute, communication and storage resources provided by points of service

Open. ISDM Thematic Project J. M. Ho, D. T. Lee, C. T. Hsiao, J. W. S. Liu IIS and CITI, Academia Sinica Disaster Information Systems for Resilient Communities F. T. Lin and H. L. Lin Urban Planning, Cheng-Kung University H. C. Chou National S&T Center for Disaster Reduction Open Information Gateway C. S. Shih & P. Lin CSIE, Taiwan University L. J. Chen, C. L. Lin & W. H. Chung IIS and CITI, Academia Sinica K. J. Lin, ECE, UC-Irvine Flow Control and Fusion of Symbiotic Information J. K. K. Zao Information Repository for Climate Extremes and Weather Disasters S. W. Chen & J. W. S. Liu S. C. Liu, C. Chou & S. C. Lung Institute of Information Science, AS Center of Climate Extremes, Academia Sinica M. M. Lu, Central Weather Bureau Database for Studies of Crustal Deformation & Faulting Behavior J. C. Lee, W. Z. Liang, and L. C. Kuo Institute of Earth Science, Academia Sinica CS, Chiao -Tung University E. T. -H. Chu, CS, Yunlin S&T University Virtual Repository C. T. Hsiao Research Center for IT Innovation, AS P. C. Yew & D. H. C. Du Computer Science, U. of Minnesota

Open. ISDM Project Overview n Goals include p To develop underpinnings of a framework for responsive, open and sustainable information systems, p To exploit the use of multi-domain sensor information, scientific data and historical records in research. n Innovative information technologies include: p Models/views of multi-domain, real-time, streaming & 4 -D geospatial data to support analysis and simulation p Responsive emergency access and information flow control policies and enforcement mechanisms p Symbiotic fusion of information from things and people p Resilient and dynamic open information gateway p Standard-based support for DM applications/services

On how CRICIS (Critical Real-time Computing and Information Systems) expands fundamental research through extremes and human-computer systems - from a report published by Computing Community Consortium

Topic Outline n Overview on ICT for disaster management q q n n Introduction and state of the art Selected topics motivated by the CRICIS report • Middleware, methods and tools for exploiting linked data and semantic web technologies to support data and information discovery • Responsive information access control and privacy protection during emergencies • Ubiquitous smart devices and applications for disaster preparedness and early response Crowdsourcing human sensor data by disaster surveillance and early warning systems Disaster resilient networks and transport services

Selected References § § § § § CRICIS: Critical real-time computing and information systems, a report from a community working group, published by CCC at www. cra. org/ccc, 2013 “Survey on Public Warning Systems in Europe, ” publication of European Emergency Number Association, December 2012 M. Wetterwald, et al. , “Future architectures for public warning systems, ” in Proceedings of the 7 th Int. Conferences on Networking and Services, July 2011 R. R. Murphy, “A national initiative in emergency informatics, ” in Computing Community Consortium, November 2010 European Public Warning System (EU-Alert) Using Cell Broadcast, ETSI TS 102900 V 1. 1. 1 Technical Specification, ETSI, 2010 C. Buratti, A. Conti, D. Darkari, and B. Verdone, “An overview on wireless sensor networks technology, ” Sensors, 2009 SANY - an open service architecture for sensor networks, edited by M. Klopfer and I. Simons, http: //sany-ip. eu/publications/3317 , 2009. IPAWS-OPEN (Integrated Public Alert and Warning System – Open Platform for Emergency Networks), at http: //www. fema. gov/emergency/ipaws/about. shtm EDXL-DE: Emergency Data Exchange Language Distribution Element, V 1. 0, at http: //www. oasis-open. org/committees/download. php/17227/EDXLDE_Spec_v 1. 0. html CAP: Common Alerting Protocol, V 1. 2, http: //docs. oasisopen. org/emergency/cap/v 1. 2/CAP-v 1. 2 -os. html

Thank You!