Criminology B Crimes in the United States 1

Criminology B Crimes in the United States 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Gangs in the United States Timothy Mc. Veigh Ted Kaczynski Serial Killers Infamous Crimes in Minnesota

Gangs in the United States The Criminal Element and Law Enforcement Efforts

History of Gangs in the World Old as history itself Appearance of gangs often times coincides with _____________________________________ Not the violence of today ____________ is key period for growth of gangs _________ creates “turf” battles in major cities between ethnic groups Also leads to increase in orphans and homeless

History of Gangs in U. S. During Colonial times, gangs carried out ___________________ White supremacy gangs like _________ and other bank robbery groups As urban gangs began to develop in 1900’s, often times targeting new ethnic groups seen as a threat to jobs and lifestyle Youth street gangs primarily a ___th century event

3 Types of Gangs in U. S. ___________________ __ Largest segment Some organized nationally Drug trafficking ___________________ ___ Once released still recruiting and carrying out efforts of prison gangs ___________________ Estimated between 280 to 520 gangs Organized into “chapters”

The Rise of Street Gangs Poverty, lack of job opportunities and discrimination identified as key for membership Provide members a sense of identification and a voice Early street gangs in U. S. Latin Kings: Chicago 1940’s Vice Lords: Chicago 1950’s Crips and Bloods: Los Angeles 1970’s

Gangs in U. S. FBI definition ____________________________________ __________ Critics of anti-gang legislation believes definition slants towards _________ Question of “get tough” policies vs. increased funding for programs

Department of Justice Statistics gangs and __ Estimated that there are _______ million gang members Estimates for __________ has 400 gangs and 41, 000 members Many urban communities report gang activity represents ____% of all crime Between ___-___% of all of gun-related homicides in U. S. considered gang related Range from nationwide recognition to local street gangs Involvement with drugs and weapons During 1980’s and 90’s well-established gangs begin spreading activity into suburban and rural areas

Risk Factors Social Development Model: 4 Factors __________________ Low neighborhood attachment, media glamorization, availability of drugs and weapons __________________ History of problems, family conflict, favorable attitudes __________________ Antisocial behavior, failure, lack of commitment

Gang Enforcement Law enforcement is largely left to local and state authorities 365 of nation’s largest police agencies have specialized gang units 4, 300 sworn officers Nearly half of these formed between 2000 -2007 Monitoring activity, investigations and prevention programs Federal government plays role in supporting and providing funding for programs Los Angeles Program Summer Night Lights Chose neighborhoods with highest crime rates Keep open recreation centers until midnight during summer months Free meals, concerts, movies, mentoring 17% drop in violent crime and 86% drop in homicides

MGDOC _______________________ Approximately _______ gangs in Minnesota Estimated up to ______ plus gang members Almost _____ of all gang members being Hispanic Over __ times more ________________ than the national rate for female gang involvement Increased recruitment in outstate areas for motorcycle and __________________________ Drug trafficking most common activity with marijuana being largest area 25 multi-jurisdictional gang and drug task forces in MN Task forces arrested 4, 732 in 2007 mainly on drug charges

Timothy Mc. Veigh Oklahoma City Bombing and Domestic Terrorism

Background of Tim Mc. Veigh Middle child of a blue-collar family from New York Born 1968 Early interest in guns Introduced to anti-government literature following high school Mc. Veigh’s paranoia that the government would repeal __ Amendment ________________ Bible of white militia groups Car bombing on FBI building in Washington D. C. Enlisted in U. S. ____ in 1988 Bronze Star for Bravery during Persian Gulf War Quits Special Forces training after 2 days and requests early discharge

Extremist Views Drives to watch ongoing siege between federal agents and ______________ at Waco, Texas Raid on stockpiling modified weapons Viewed actions of government as illegal Not part of formal organization Patriot movement feared authoritarian plots of U. S. government Deny legitimacy of government and law enforcement Armed militia groups numbering about 30, 000 by 1990’s

Building Paranoia Reunites with former Army friend _________ and his brother James Based upon personal and legal problems, both brothers claim to no longer be citizens of United States Serve to further move Mc. Veigh on extremist views Begin selling guns at fairs around U. S. Ends up in Kingman, AZ wher he meets up with another Army buddy who is actively involved in guncontrol protests— _______________ Plot for attack between Terry Nichols and Mc. Veigh by as early as Sept. 1994

April 19, 1995 ___________________________________ killed and more than 500 injured Moving truck parked in front of building Ammonium nitrate fertilizer and fuel oil 4, 800 pounds of explosives Timothy Mc. Veigh pulled over an hour later by an Oklahoma state officer for license plate violation Illegally carrying concealed handgun and arrested Identified as primary suspect ________ would turn himself in 2 days later

Justification for Attack Symbolic meaning of April 19 th date __________ commemorating Battles of Lexington and Concord War of rebels against British authority __ year anniversary of Waco and Branch Davidian raid Mc. Veigh claims building was targeted to avenge the more than 70 deaths Date was also the execution of white supremacist Richard Snell

Evidence Against Mc. Veigh Phone records of Mc. Veigh and Nichols Fortier who pleaded guilty to lesser charges testifies he knew of plot and had driven to Oklahoma City with Mc. Veigh Antigovernment views and Waco standoff Video of Mc. Veigh there Gun show handing out The Turner Diaries Financed bombing through theft of guns Receipt for purchase of ammonium nitrate fertilizer Chemical tests from Mc. Veigh’s car Identified as man who had rented Ryder truck in Kansas

Arrest and Trial Shortly after arrest shown pictures of the dead children from bombing Responds by simply repeating his name, military rank and old serial number “I am a prisoner of war” Mc. Veigh convicted on 11 counts of murder, conspiracy and using a weapon of mass destruction _____________ Nichols avoids death penalty but pleads guilty to 8 counts of involuntary manslaughter and conspiracy _____________

Execution of Mc. Veigh June 11, 2001 Execution had been delayed by Attorney General John Ashcroft who had delayed it for a month because of undisclosed evidence U. S. Prison in Terra Haute, IN 24 witnesses to execution 232 watched on closed-circuit television in Oklahoma City Ashcroft in attendance Survivors and relatives of victims chosen at random

Ted Kaczynski “The Unabomber” Cases of Domestic Terrorism Continued

Background of Ted Kaczynski § Born in 1942 in Chicago, Illinois § Brilliant child who skipped two grade levels during early education § Scored 167 on IQ test in 5 th grade § Entered ______________ at age of 16 § Graduated and earned doctoral degree in mathematics from University of _____________ § Began teaching at University of __________ § Struggled to fit in at more liberal institution § Develops ________________ ideas § Moves to isolated part of _______ where

Early Bombings § May 26, 1978 § University of _________ package left in parking lot § Campus security officer injured § _____________ University § Bomb disguised within cigar box § Minor injuries and unaware of connection or further bombings to come § Nov. 15, 1979 § _________________ flight § Explosion aboard plane § Burns instead of blows § Emergency landing but understanding of what could have happened § Signature ingredients identified for all bombings § Wooden boxes, lamp cords and batteries

Bombings Continued Bombings become more violent with materials and also are accompanied by letters and literature Fourth bombing targets president of United Airlines Had just laid off thousands of workers Belief that it could be a disgruntled airline employee Of the first 4 bombs, 2 were targeting ______ employees and 2 were dealing with ____ The name “________” is established Treated stamps on packages to avoid fingerprints Very detailed in construction of bombs Knowledgeable and resourceful

FBI Investigation Profile of Unabomber is established Male, approximately 18 -22, college student with background in physics or engineering, middleclass Looking back it turns out to be wrong 24 hour hotline established 2 more behavioral assessments established Both are also wrong One involves male living in Chicago with his mother Unabomber Task Force established by Attorney General _____________________ agencies working together Case considered “unsolvable” by many in agencies

Developing Bombs As time goes on, bombs become more detailed with increasing intensity and materials Achieve fragmentation and killing of victims First death as a result of bombing in December, 1985 Computer store owner First good lead comes in 1987 while planting 12 th bomb, there is an eyewitness Only description ever given of Unabomber Bombings stop in 1988 for 6 years 1993 bombing targets two university scientists Involve gases that reach 7, 000 degrees Next two bombings create casualties in both

_________ § 56 page essay mailed in June, 1995 § ___________ and ___________ § Industrial Society and Its’ Future § Proposes to stop bombings if manifesto is published § The Industrial Revolution and its consequences have been a disaster for the human race. They have greatly increased the life-expectancy of those of us who live in "advanced" countries, but they have destabilized society, have made life unfulfilling, have subjected human beings to indignities, have led to widespread psychological suffering (in the Third World to physical suffering as well) and have inflicted severe damage on the natural world. The continued development of technology will worsen the situation. It will certainly subject human beings to greater indignities and inflict greater damage on the natural world, it will probably lead to greater social disruption and

Arrest of Kaczynski The manifesto opens up ideas for profile Unguarded autobiography Release of manifesto to public creates debate Eventually released by 2 newspapers “Gamble” pays off as ________ recognizes ideas Comparison to personal letters sent Submit letters to literary forensic expert Strong likelihood the two are the same FBI contacted and identified as potential suspect Location of cabin on map identified by David Arrested April 3, 1996

Trial for Kaczynski § Prosecution seeks _______________ § Defense will argue the _____________ § Kaczynski unaware of defense and becomes upset § ____ brought in to support defense § No sane person would live these conditions § § § He believes trial will allow him to publicize his ideas Seeks to fire attorneys and represent himself Psychologist brought in to complete study Interviews for 22 hours Diagnosed as paranoid schizophrenic § Competent but mentally ill § Sentenced to ______________ § Supermax prison in Colorado in solitary confinement § Submitted in 2012 to Harvard alumni journal § 8 life sentences as “awards” and current occupation as prisoner § May, 2016: reaches out to reporters for an interview to clear that he is not crazy and comments made by his brother

Serial Killers Infamous Killers and Unsolved Cases

Boston Strangler Murders in Boston between ________ single women between ages of ______ Sexually assaulted and strangled in their apartments No sign of ___________ Crimes took place in many cities around Boston _____________________________________ Following assault where assailant leaves without committing murder, description leads to __________________

__________ Not initially connected Being held on potential __________ Confesses to murders to ______ Claim of accurate descriptions of crimes to authorities ____________________ Life in prison without possibility of parole _______________________ Different ______ for crimes leads to doubts of single killer FBI profiler: "It's inconceivable behaviorally that all these could fit one individual. ” Stranglings continue after arrest Question of conflicting statements and physical evidence

__________ _______________ (Richard David Falco) Through adoption name is changed Struggled with his illegitimate birth as an adult Introduced to cult activities in 1975 _____________ serial killer from 19761977 ______________ people killed during ___ different shootings Letters left near crime scenes and to media reporters

Arrest of _________ Had been reported days later for suspicious behavior on night of one of the shootings Had received parking ticket Originally considered a witness, later would be identified as suspect Police arrest him carrying a gun linked to murders in paper sack “You got me. What took you so long? ” Apartment in disarray with Satanic graffiti and a diary highlighting multiple arson cases Quickly confessed to murders _________________________ _________________________ __ was possessed by an ancient demon ordering him to kill the women

Questions of Guilt Sentenced June, 1978 to maximum time of ______ Later admits to only 2 of the shootings killing 3 victims Others killed by violent Satanic groups “ 22 disciples of Hell” mentioned in letter Still questions of _____________ Would later deny story of dog but still claims Satanic cult involvement with others ____________________________________________ Profits of book not going to victims Settlement creates donation to New York State Crime Victims Board Housed in correctional facility in Shawangunk, NY 2016 parole hearing was denied

Green River Killer ____________ Early childhood Relationship with mother Conflicting feelings Dress very provocatively Abusive at times towards husband _______________ Stabbed a ___ year old boy when he was ____ “I always wondered what it would be like to kill someone”

Motivation for Killings Shortly after high school marries high school sweetheart While in military, numerous encounters with _______ Wife is dating while he is away and marriage quickly ends Second marriage also ends because of affair Continues to have relationships with prostitutes ____________________ Later victims’ bodies would be discovered in some of these places Strong religious beliefs with uncontrollable sexual appetite Would in 1988 marry his third wife after killings began

The Murders _________ is the most infamous serial killer in terms of confirmed killings ____ confirmed murders In an interview admitted to at least 71 A majority took place between 1982 -1984 Most victims were _______________ Strangulation so he would have power over them First 5 victims found in ____________ Origins of nickname _____________________________________________ rd

Arrest of the Green River Killer _____ match from 1987 evidence leads to arrest on Nov. 30, 2001 Nov. 2003 enters guilty plea to ____ charges of aggravated first degree murder __________________________________________________ Targeted prostitutes because they were “easy to pick up and hated most of them” Admits to sex with bodies after murder Incarcerated Washington State Penitentiary

Infamous Crimes in Minnesota Glensheen Mansion Murders, Corrine Erstad and Jacob Wetterling

Glensheen Mansion History Lawyer __________ and his wife _______ settle in _________ in 1892 Iron ore, lumber and State House of Representatives Glensheen Mansion constructed in 1909 30 plus rooms with formal terraced garden Congdon Elementary School and Park Turned over to UMD in 1968 with Elisabeth given permission to live there until her death

Murders at the Mansion June 27, 1977 Day nurse discovered that 83 year-old __________ had been murdered in her bed __________________________ Night nurse Velma Pietila was bludgeoned to death __________________________ Murderer enters breaking into basement window Initial subjects were daughter _________ and second husband ___________________ Marjorie was one of 2 adopted children for Elisabeth

Evidence and Arrest Marjorie involved with many legal and personal problems Demanding of her 7 children Feeding muscle relaxer to mother in an earlier visit Probable that she was responsible for burning down home in Marine on St. Croix Marriage to Roger Caldwell in 1976 with both deep in debt $__ million she would inherit from estate with mother’s death Documentation of Roger’s presence in Duluth the night of murders Missing jewelry from Elisabeth found later in his possession Witnesses from him at Twin Cities and Duluth airports Back in Colorado, Marjorie gives many different version to where Roger was

Trials and Aftermath Significant evidence was fingerprint on an envelope containing collectible coin stolen mailed to himself in Colorado ________________________________ _ Marjorie arrested one month after verdict 4 counts of _____________________________ Defense attorney _______________ defends Marjorie is _____________________ Begins relationship with Wally Hagen who is still married Developed earlier relationship through their children Wife suffering from Alzheimer’s, falls into a coma and dies after being served baby food from Marjorie Marries Walter Hagen Roger Caldwell granted new trial because of new questions Agrees to admit guilt and sentence is based on time already spent Commits suicide in 1988 Multiple arson arrests for Marjorie would follow

Disappearance of __________ June 1, 1992 five-year old __________ disappears from family home in _________________ Mother Mona Williams reports her missing after 2 hours Long-time family friend _____________ becomes main suspect Mona Williams reports that he was intoxicated that night while at the house Seen leaving the house almost simultaneously with Corrine Last person seen with Corrine Arrives at his trailer home he shared with his girlfriend after dropping off his father’s van that he had taken Father explains that the next day the van had been cleaned “real good” _________ later found on one of the seats by

Evidence Against __________ Guevara had asked his girlfriend next morning to borrow car to bring boxes to his storage shed She claims to have not seen him carry anything out nor were their boxes missing from trailer Guevara denies any knowledge of disappearance when questioned June 3 Claimed to have driven to Wisconsin to visit a friend only to realize he no longer lived there Blue sweat pants that he had been wearing later found to have human blood with similar DNA characteristics to Corrine Blanket and balled up paper towels also have DNA connection Her DNA accessed from a bandage from earlier cut Search warrant of storage shed reveals plastic bag with Guevara’s fingerprints on it with white sundress perfectly matching what Corrine was last seen wearing Also found are panties with both appearing to have blood on them Shower curtain also from trailer later found to have mixture of human blood and semen on it (matches that of Guevara’s and Corrine’s) Later reports come out that sometimes at the house of the Williams’ if Guevara had become intoxicated would sometimes sleep in bed with Corrine

Not Guilty Verdict Defense argues that evidence had been planted and that he was being framed by Mona Williams Organized scheme to sell daughter for drug money 4 mysterious men had shown up at Williams’ home Later identifies 1 during trial Trial lasts 3 ½ months Jury deliberations 6 ½ days ___________________

Abduction of ____________ October 22, 1989 ___________________ Return trip from convenience store Ordered into ditch by masked gunmen Trevor and Larson ordered to run towards woods without looking back Search for Jacob and assailant begins _____________________ Original reports talked about vehicle ___________________ Description of suspect from boys 40 -50 year old caucasian, 5’ 8” with a husky build, low, raspy voice

Jacob’s Hope: The Ongoing Investigation and Search Over ______ leads come in within first 2 months Jacob’s Hope buttons, signs, song gain local and national attention Founding of Jacob Wetterling Foundation in 1990 Now named Jacob Wetterling Resource Center 1994: Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act __________________________ Rassier farm searched most recently June 30, 2010 Investigations into actions including multiple searches 6 truckloads of dirt removed Results unable to “establish, distinguish or identify potential evidence

Closure Finally Comes ______________ admits to killing Wetterling and helps investigators with recovery of body Confession in Sept. , 2016 Wetterling had been shot that night in Paynesville and buried Had been arrested on charges of ___________ but was also named person of interest in Wetterling case Sentenced to ________ in Federal prison for one count of receiving child pornography Expected to be __________________ at end of sentence “Avoided” being charged for murder and additional counts of pornography Also confessed to an additional sexual assault case in