Criminal law in England Выполнили студентки группы 0114

Criminal law in England Выполнили: студентки группы 0114 Игнатова В. О и Мартьянова А. Ю Научный руководитель: Окнинская Т. В.

In the United Kingdom there are three separated Criminal justice systems, one each for Scotland, Northern Ireland, England Wales.

A bit of history In the first eighty years of the twentieth century there were only four statutes entitled Criminal Justice Acts, enacted in 1925, 1948, 1967, and 1972.

General criminal law 20 th century Criminal Procedure Act and Investigations Act 1996, Criminal Appeal Act 1995 Crime Sentences Act 1997 Crime and Disorder Act 1998 The Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999

In the busy parliamentary session 1999/2000 the following laws were enacted: Powers of the Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act, Crown Prosecution Service Inspectorate Act, Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act, and the Criminal Justice and Court Services Act.

Types of trial processes in Criminal law “Summary” “Indictment” “Eitherway”

Organisation of justice - United Kingdom House of Lords Court of Appeal Criminal Division Civil Division High Court Crown Court County Courts

Magistrates court

Criminal law in England is always evolving. There are many factors that affect the way the criminal law is enforced in England Wales it is particularly important to understand the influence of "adversarial justice" and the"rule of law"and how these principles shape the way that criminal justice is defined and implemented.

The principle of adversarial justice A person is not considered to be guilty of a crime simply on the word of a government official. Conviction in a court requires presentation of admissible evidence that convinces the fact.

The principle of adversarial justice has been developed over many centuries, and is designed to protect the liberty and freedom of citizens. Although in any system there is a difference between the principles of a system and the way it operates in practice, government officials are answerable to the law; under this system, known as the "rule of law, " police, prosecutors, courts, and prisons may only make decisions and exercise powers that are permitted through the law.

Different classifications of crime The significance of the classification system is: firstly, symbolic—to indicate society's distinction between minor and more serious crimes; secondly, to determine the powers of arrest and detention of suspects; thirdly, for procedural purposes such as deciding whether the offender is dealt with in the magistrates' court or the Crown Court. The latter deals with more serious crimes.

For procedural purposes all criminal offenses are classified into one of three categories: indictable only, triable-either-way, or summary. An indictable-only offense may only be tried in a Crown Court before a jury, and requires an indictment which is a formal document setting out the charges against the person. Offenses in this category include murder, manslaughter, kidnapping, robbery, and rape.

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