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Creating and Ratifying the Constitution Creating and Ratifying the Constitution

Opposing Plans • Delegates like Roger Sherman were determined to create a Constitution all Opposing Plans • Delegates like Roger Sherman were determined to create a Constitution all states could accept.

The Virginia Plan • Edmund Randolph proposed what would become known as the Virginia The Virginia Plan • Edmund Randolph proposed what would become known as the Virginia Plan calling for a government with three branches of operation. Although it was written by James Madison

Virginia Plan • The Virginia plan Called for an Executive Branch and a judicial Virginia Plan • The Virginia plan Called for an Executive Branch and a judicial Branch of government as well as a legislative Branch which was a part of the Articles of Confederation.

• Legislative Branch- Branch of Government that creates law • Judicial Branch- A • Legislative Branch- Branch of Government that creates law • Judicial Branch- A system of courts that apply and interpret the law • Executive Branch- branch that carries out the law and sees to it that laws are adhered to.

Virginia Plan • The legislature would be divided into 2 Houses. • Each house Virginia Plan • The legislature would be divided into 2 Houses. • Each house would be represented on the basis of populations of states

Articles of Confederation • Consisted of only the legislature. • No executive Branch • Articles of Confederation • Consisted of only the legislature. • No executive Branch • No Judicial Branch

Virginia Plan • This proposal appealed to the larger states such as New York, Virginia Plan • This proposal appealed to the larger states such as New York, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania. • The smaller states such as Delaware and New Jersey disliked this plan saying it would ignore the smaller states.

New Jersey Plan • After 2 weeks of Angry discussions, James Patterson of NJ New Jersey Plan • After 2 weeks of Angry discussions, James Patterson of NJ gave an alternative proposal. • The Legislature would consist of 1 house and 1 vote per state.

New Jersey Plan • This was similar to the Articles of Confederation, but there New Jersey Plan • This was similar to the Articles of Confederation, but there would be an Executive and Judicial branch like the Virginia Plan • NJ, MD and DE liked the plan, but it was rejected by the larger states.

Debate • The Constitutional Convention was at an angry stalemate for over 6 weeks. Debate • The Constitutional Convention was at an angry stalemate for over 6 weeks. • Some delegates threatened to quit the convention.

The Great Compromise • A committee put together by Roger Sherman came up with The Great Compromise • A committee put together by Roger Sherman came up with A solution that would be known as the Great Compromise as well as the Connecticut Compromise.

The Great Compromise • Each state would have equal representation in the Senate. • The Great Compromise • Each state would have equal representation in the Senate. • Each state would have representation in the House of representatives based on population Compromise- a way of resolving disagreements in which each side gives something up, but gains something else. 3 -2 A

Three-Fifths Compromise • The great Compromise settled what the structure of Congress would be. Three-Fifths Compromise • The great Compromise settled what the structure of Congress would be. • At the time of the CC there were 550, 000 slaves mostly in the South.

Three-Fifths Compromise • Southern States wanted to count slaves towards population Count. • Northern Three-Fifths Compromise • Southern States wanted to count slaves towards population Count. • Northern States Opposed the idea since slaves were not allowed to vote and were regarded as property.

Three-Fifths Compromise • In the 3/5 Compromise it was agreed that for every 5 Three-Fifths Compromise • In the 3/5 Compromise it was agreed that for every 5 slaves it would count as 3 free persons foe representation in Congress.

Other Compromises • The North Felt congress should be able to regulate both foreign Other Compromises • The North Felt congress should be able to regulate both foreign commerce and trade among the states • The South Felt that congress would use its power to tax exports, causing an undue burden on the Southern states.

Other Compromises • Some thought that Congress should choose the President • Some thought Other Compromises • Some thought that Congress should choose the President • Some thought it should be a direct election of the people As a compromise the Electoral College was the solution. A group of people from the state legislatures would cast vote for the President. This is still in use today but it is based upon popular vote of the states.

Approving the Constitution • On September 17, 1787 Some delegates headed home but 42 Approving the Constitution • On September 17, 1787 Some delegates headed home but 42 remained to sign the new charter of government. • Gouverneur Morris of NY put it in writing and all but 3 delegates signed it.

Ratification • The Next step was to get 9 of 13 states to approve Ratification • The Next step was to get 9 of 13 states to approve the new constitution. • Each state set up a ratifying convention to vote Yes or No

A divided Public • Reactions were very different • Supporters of the document were A divided Public • Reactions were very different • Supporters of the document were known as Federalists. • Federalism- form of government where power is divided among the national and state governments.

Federalists • Argued for the document and constantly reminded the public of the flaws Federalists • Argued for the document and constantly reminded the public of the flaws of the A/C • In a series of Essays Known as The Federalist, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay defended the Constitution.

Anti-Federalists • These people thought the Constitution gave too much power to the Federal Anti-Federalists • These people thought the Constitution gave too much power to the Federal government and took away power from the states • They thought it did not protect individual liberties.

Anti-Federalists • On August 31, 1787, George Mason declared he would Anti-Federalists • On August 31, 1787, George Mason declared he would "rather chop off my right hand than put it to the Constitution as it now stands. " • They believed that the greatest threat to the future of the United States lay in the government's potential to become corrupt and seize more and more power until its tyrannical rule completely dominated the people.

Ratification • Eventually the Federalists agreed with the Anti- federalists that a Bill of Ratification • Eventually the Federalists agreed with the Anti- federalists that a Bill of Rights was a good idea. • As a result New Hampshire became the 9 th state to ratify the document

• With what issue did the 3/5 compromise deal with? • How were • With what issue did the 3/5 compromise deal with? • How were the Federalist and Anti- federalists different?