Corruption Perceptions Index 2010 Iftekharuzzaman Executive Director, TIB Dhaka, 26 October, 2010
CPI 2010: Results • Released – October 26, 2010, by Berlin-based Transparency International (TI) • Scale of 0 -10 - international ranking in terms of perceived degree of prevalence of political and administrative corruption. • Bangladesh has scored 2. 4 points – same as last year • Ranked 12 th from below, which is 134 th among 178 countries included in the index • Others in the same position as Bangladesh are: Azarbaijan, Honduras Nigeria, Philippines, Sierra Leone, Togo, Ukraine and Zimbabwe
CPI - Best Performers in 2010 Corruption is perceived to be lowest in: 1. Denmark, New Zealand, Singapore (9. 3) 4. Finland Sweden (9. 2) 6. Canada (8. 9) 7. Netherlands (8. 8) 8. Australia, Switzerland (8. 7) 10. Norway (8. 6) … 13. Hong Kong (8. 4) … 36 Bhutan (5. 7) – better than Italy (3. 9), Thailand (3. 5), China (3. 5), Malaysia (4. 4) and South Korea (5. 4)
CPI 2010 – the bottom Corruption is perceived to be highest in: • • Somalia (1. 1) Afghanistan and Myanmar (1. 4) Iraq (1. 5) Sudan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (1. 6) Chad (1. 7) Burundi (1. 8) Equatorial Guinea, Angola (1. 9)
Results - Bangladesh • Bangladesh was earlier placed at the bottom of the list for the fifth successive year from 20012005. • In 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 Bangladesh was ranked in no 3, 7, 10 and 13 respectively • Bangladesh this year is 134 th among 178 countries (in 2009 139 th) • Bangladesh is one of the 41 countries who scored the same as in 2009 • In 2009, Bangladesh was one of the 9 countries that achieved “notable improvement” - from 2. 1 in 2008 to 2. 4 in 2009 • Bangladesh has failed to sustain the rising trend
Improvers & Decliners Notable Decliners The Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Madagascar, Niger, US Notable Improvers Bhutan, Chile, Ecuador, Macedonia, Gambia, Haiti, Jamaica, Kuwait, Qatar Notable Static Bangladesh, Philippines, Vietnam, Indonesia, Turkey, Austria
CPI: Performance of South Asian Countries 2009 -2010 Country 1 Bangladesh Score 2009 2010 2. 4 ► 2 Afghanistan 1. 3 1. 4 ▲ 2 3 Pakistan 2. 4 2. 3 ▼ 13 4 Nepal 2. 3 2. 2 ▼ 12 5 Maldives 2. 5 14 6 India 3. 4 2. 3 ▼ 3. 3 ▼ 23 ► 11 (143) ▼ 10 (146) ▼ 11 (143) ▼ 21 (87) ▼ 7 Sri Lanka 3. 1 3. 2 ▲ 20 20 (91) 8 Bhutan 5. 0 5. 7 ▲ 36 Sl Rank (from below) 2009 2010 13 12 (134) ▼ 2 (176) ► 44 (36) ▲
Data Sources Poll of Polls – 13 surveys, 10 institutions. 7 for Bangladesh - CPI 2010 data came from: • Economist Intelligence Unit (2010) Data upto September 2010 • Global Insights (2009/10) - data upto first half of 2010 • World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report - March 2009 • World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report – March 2010 • Bertelsmann Transformation Index (2009) by the Bertelsmann Foundation, Germany • World Bank's Country Policy and Institutional Assessment 2010 • Asian Development Bank - Country Performance Assessment Ratings 2009
What type of data are used • Corruption and bribery in general • Conflict of interest and diversion of funds • Misuse of public office for private or political party gain • Likelihood of countering corrupt officials ranging from petty bureaucratic corruption to grand political corruption • Undocumented extra payments collected in the discharge of government functions, judiciary, executive level, law enforcement and tax collection • Government’s anti-corruption efforts and achievements • Capacity to punish and contain corruption
Method • Based on rolling data from two years January 2009 – September 2010 • Data on corruption in the public and political sectors • Only sources that provide data allowing comparative picture are considered • For sources that provide data for multiple years, data for the past two years is included • Perception of country experts, both resident and non-resident, and business leaders & analysts, investors & analysts • Minimum – 3 surveys; the more the number of surveys, the higher is level of confidence
Process • Produced by TI's Research Department • Guided by Index Advisory Committee of TI • Additional group of experts advises to ensure integrity & confidence level – Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, France, – Research Media, Marketing and Socio-Political Analysis, South Africa, – University of Aberdeen, UK, – Columbia University, Yale Law School and Department of Political Science, Brookings Institution, USA, – Regulatory Policy Division, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD
Key messages (global) • 131 of the 178 countries scored below 5; 74 scored less than 3 - highlighting that corruption remains a serious global problem • No country has scored 100 percent; many OECD countries like Germany, Japan, UK, USA, Italy have scored less than 8 indicating that it is a global malaise • To address challenges of failing financial markets, climate change, and poverty governments need to integrate anti-corruption measures in all policy spheres. • Good governance & zero tolerance to corruption are indispensable part of the solution to the global policy challenges governments face all over the world
Key Message (Bangladesh) Failed to maintain the positive trend We could have scored higher …
Key messages - Bangladesh Mixed signals Positive • Strong electoral commitment • Good start of the Parliament, though setbacks set in soon • Right to Information Act, Information Commission • Human Rights Commission • Citizens Charter in Service Delivery Institutions • Anti-Corruption training in Government- funded institutions • Implementation strategy of the UNCAC • Whistleblower Protection Act
Key messages - Bangladesh Mixed signals Negative – Why no progress • • Amendments to the ACC Act, though stalled Parliament – boycott, Conflict of Interest No disclosure of asset of high & mighty Whitening of black money in budget Public Procurement amendments Telecommunications Amendment Act Influence-peddling by public reps in procurement, land-grabbing, employment affecting rule of law • Partisan political influence in administration and other public service
Key messages – Bangladesh What next? • Fulfill anti-corruption election pledges without fear or favour – challenge impunity • Strengthen institutional and policy framework – Parliament, especially committees – Anti-corruption Commission – Enforce Right to Information & Culture of disclosure & openness – Judicial integrity & Rule of Law – Public service integrity, impartiality free from partisan political influence – Implement UNCAC Commitments – Transparency in procurement – Engage Stakeholders
Corruption Perceptions Index 2010 Thank you www. transparency. org/cpi, www. ti-bangladesh. org
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